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BUKU JAWAPAN Answer Booklet
PROGRAM (Programme)
PPISMP AMBILAN
(Intake)
JUN 2021
SEM 2
ANGKA GILIRAN (Index Number)
P 2 1 0 6 4 5 8 4
NO.
K/PENGENALAN (Identity Card No.)
0 3 0 4 2 4 1 0 1 3 0 5
KOD KURSUS (Course Code)
SCES1114
TAJUK KURSUS (Course Title)
FUNDAMENTAL OF PHYSICS II
TARIKH PEPERIKSAAN (Examination Date)
8 JUNE 2022 SESI
(Session) PAGI (Morning) IPGK KAMPUS
(Teacher Education Institute) IPGK KENT
ARAHAN KEPADA CALON
1. Isikan butiran yang dikehendaki dengan jelas.
(Fill in the details required clearly and legibly.)
2. Tuliskan angka giliran dan kod peperiksaan pada header kertas jawapan. Pastikan angka giliran dan kod peperiksaan pada setiap muka surat buku jawapan.
(Write the index number and examination code on the answer sheet header. Make sure the turn number and exam code are on each page of the answer book.)
3. Mulakan jawapan anda bagi setiap soalan pada muka surat baharu.
(Begin your answer for each question a new page.)
4. Tuliskan nombor soalan pada ruang atas setiap muka surat jawapan.
(Write the question number on the space provide at the top of each answer page.)
5. Sila muat-naik jawapan anda dalam bentuk format pdf.
(Please upload your answer in pdf format.)
Untuk Kegunaan Pemeriksa Sahaja (For Examiners Purpose Only)
MARKAH (Marks)
No. Soalan (Question Number)
Pe m eri ks a 1 (1s
t
Ex a mi ne r)
Pe m eri ks a 2 (2n
d
Ex a mi ne r)
Ju ml ah (T ot al)
B A H A G I A N ( S e c t i o n )
A 1
A 2
B 1
B 2
JUMLAH (Total)
1.
The similarities between Coulomb’s law and Newton’s law of gravity are both Coulomb’s force and Newton’s law of gravity are directly proportional to the product of charges and masses of the body.
Next, Both Forces coulomb's and Newton’s law of gravity are inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. For the differences, Coulomb’s force explains the force between two charges while Newton’s law of gravity explains the force between the masses. For the Coulomb’s law, the forces are inversely proportional to the square of the distances between the charges while for Newton’s law of gravity, the forces are inversely proportional to the square of the distances between the masses. Other than that, Coulomb's force can attract or repel the objects but gravitational force can only attract the bodies not can repel them.
The difference between electric potential and the electric field strength is that electric potential is the amount of work done when a charged particle is moved from one place to another in an electric field while electric field strength is the surrounding of an electric charge unit which can exert a force on other charged particles in the field. The measurement for electric potential measures the work done by an electric field while the electric field, measures the force exerted on a charged particle in the field other than a central charged unit. Next, for the unit of measurement, the electric potential is Volt (V) while electric field strength is Volt per meter (V/m). Other than that, magnitude electric potential is a scalar quantity while the electric field is a vector quantity.
Electric potential: Electric field strength
V= W/q0 E= kQ/r2
Where W: Work (W) where k: 9 x 109NmC-2 q0: value of test charge E: electric field strength
Q: magnitude of a point charge
R: distance between a point & point charge
CALCULATION FOR QUESTION 1
2.
The lightning caused when the ground is hot, it heats the air above it. This warm air rises. As the air rises, water vapour cools and forms a cloud. When air continues to rise, the cloud gets bigger and bigger. In the tops of the clouds, temperature is below freezing and the water vapour turns into ice.
Now, the cloud becomes a thundercloud. Lots of small bits of ice bump into each other as they move around. All these collisions cause a build up of electrical charge. Eventually, the whole cloud fills up with electrical charges. Lighter, positively charged particles form at the top of the cloud. Heavier, negatively charged particles sink to the bottom of the cloud. When the positive and negative charges grow large enough, a giant spark - lightning - occurs between the two charges within the cloud. This is like a static electricity sparks you see, but much bigger. A build up of positive charge builds up on the ground beneath the cloud, attracted to the negative charge in the bottom of the cloud. The ground's positive charge concentrates around anything that sticks up - trees, lightning conductors, even people! The positive charge from the ground connects with the negative charge from the clouds and a spark of lightning strikes.
The mechanism of a lightning strike can be seen as the static charge build up in a storm cloud increases, the electric field surrounding the cloud becomes stronger. Normally, the air surrounding a cloud would be a good enough insulator to prevent a discharge of electrons to Earth. The gas molecules that compose air are thus turned into a soup of positive ions and free electrons. The insulating air is transformed into a conductive plasma. The ability of a storm cloud's electric fields to transform air into a conductor makes charge transfer (in the form of a lightning bolt) from the cloud to the ground (or even to other clouds) possible. A lightning bolt begins with the development of a step leader. As the electrons of the step leader approach the Earth, there is an additional repulsion of electrons downward from Earth's surface. The quantity of positive charge residing on the Earth's surface becomes even greater.
3.
The transformer works on the principle of Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction and mutual induction. There are usually two coils primary coil and secondary coil on the transformer core. The core laminations are joined in the form of strips. The two coils have high mutual inductance. When an alternating current pass through the primary coil it creates a varying magnetic flux. As per faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, this change in magnetic flux induces an emf (electromotive force) in the secondary coil which is linked to the core having a primary coil. This is mutual induction.
The causes of the transformer explosion may be due to a transformer that fail for a variety of reasons, but the most common causes include lightning strikes, overloading, wear and corrosion, power surges and moisture. Regardless of the cause, the result can be remarkable. Transformers contain mineral oil keeping the transformer cool. When it becomes overcharged, the wiring can create heat and a spark. This massive overpressure may eventually cause the transformer to rupture with a loud boom, flash and possibly a fireball that can create a large plume of smoke that can be seen from a long distance.
For the efficiency, the transformer should use soft iron core to make sure it is easily magnetized and demagnetized. Second, the iron core design is “O” shape. It is because to prevent leakage of magnetic flux. Third, the kind of core shape should be the one that is laminated core shape so that eddy currents can be avoided. Fourth, the coil winding method should be the one where the winding of the secondary coil over the primary coil to prevent leakage of magnetic flux.
