In this study, the treatment of the information systems implementation process in a user organization is treated in a new way. Instead, it is about a profound change in the research and development approach to information systems research and development.
Introduction
- Starting points of the study
- Focus and aim of the study
- Research approach and setting of the study
- Research method
- Structure of the study
Furthermore, we will concentrate on the organizational side of the implementation process of information systems. The implementation process of information systems is seen to consist of different phases and activities.
Theoretical aspects of information systems
- Action research tradition
- Towards new information and knowledge concepts
- Towards use-oriented planning and implementation practices
- Summary: nature of research and development
Therefore, there are no easy ways to proceed in the information systems implementation process. Furthermore, we will focus on the organizational side of the information systems implementation process.
Approaches for researching information systems
Research approaches and model
- The premises of positivism
- Interpretivism and changed problem formulation
- The tradition of pragmatism
- The constructive approach and solution models
- The realist approach and its knowledge concept
In addition, the role of research approaches in the development of information systems will be addressed. In the understanding approach, the researcher recreates or reconstructs the mental atmosphere, thoughts, feelings and motivations of the actors under study (actors can be individuals, groups, organizations or similar agents) (Fay, 2003).
Summary: a constructive research and development model
Smith (2006) argues that information systems research conducted within the normal paradigms of positivism and interpretivism suffers from theory-practice problem mismatches. Information systems research has long been dominated by the paradigms of positivism and interpretivism (see Lee, 1999).
A basis for hypothesis formation
The constructive approach, on the other hand, is close to the tradition of action research, but its investigation into the activity system being studied is more systematic (Lukka Hyötyläinen. Action research is more involved in process consultation and participation in change processes (Argyris and Schön, 1978; Schein.
The innovation design dilemma and its implication
- Design and adoption of information systems
- Innovation design dilemma
- Factors of the innovation design dilemma
- Development mechanisms of the implementation process of
- Summary: implementation as an organisational process
The argument here is that the three dimensions of the factors of the innovation design dilemma must be covered and overcome in the implementation process of information systems. Organizational issues are of paramount importance to the success of the information systems implementation process (Doherty et al, 2003; Chen, 2009).
Constructive implementation steps for information systems
Phase model of the planning and implementation process
When continuing the phase model to subsequent phases, knowledge of the system will be more defined (Lin et al., 2012). The implementation phase also includes possible adjustments, training and possible test runs of the information system.
Development cycle method
- Start of collaboration
- Analysis
- Choice and definition of objectives
- Development work: planning and testing
- Adoption of solutions
The development process also addresses the need for rapid problem solving, which is specified in the discussion of the stages. The third phase begins with a discussion of the aforementioned analysis report with the project group and key employees in the company.
Summary: development points in cases
The underlying goal is for the company to undertake active and continuous development at this point at the latest and recognize its importance for the company's success (Eriksson and Nurminen, 1991; Garvin, 1993; Lowendahl and Haanes, 1997; Ilomäki 2003). Strategy definition, analysis and development of production management, development of cooperation, system studies Case B Hardware and interi-. Outsourcing strategy, development of operations and operations management, development needs of operations management systems Case C Engineering company.
The following describes each company, its development status and function, as well as the measures taken in the development project.
Case A: development of business strategy and operations
- Starting points
- Start of collaboration in Case A
- Analysis
- Choice and definition of development objectives
- Development work
- Assessment of results
Profiling the factories is expected to lead to increased capacity, which in turn requires higher sales. The purpose of the analysis phase is to collect data and interview key people in the company. The strengths and opportunities of the company's factories are being used to build the future.
The cooperation and division of labor between the factories is also important for the development of the company's operations. All this requires standardization and development of operating methods in the company's group.
Case B: development of subcontracting strategy and information
- Starting points
- Start of collaboration in Case B
- Analysis
- Choice and definition of objectives
- Development work
- Assessment of results
However, many of the project team members participated in the work in the development groups at the same time. During the time of the joint project, the company was at a turning point, which was the starting point of the project. The company's activity expanded strongly, which was based on the acquisition of firms.
The research was conducted through interviews with 18 company employees (12 blue-collar workers and 6 white-collar workers). The joint project and its results in the different groups created a central basis for the renewal of the entire organization of the company in case B.
Case C: development of business strategy and production
- Starting points
- Start of collaboration in Case C
- Analysis
- Choice and definition of objectives
- Development work
- Assessment of results
In addition to selected development points, the goal is to organize development efforts in the company. The development work in the joint project focused on the company's management model and on improving and expanding the usability of the information system. One of the objectives was to transfer strategic thinking and work to the personnel in the company.
The work of the project group was active in the initial phase of the joint project. At the same time, the members of the project participated in the work in the development groups.
Case D: continuous development of information systems
- Starting points
- Start of collaboration in Case D
- Analysis
- Choice and definition development objectives
- Development work
- Assessment of results
It was then decided that the joint project should concentrate on the ongoing development of the implemented information system. The steering group was set up at the very beginning of the project to coordinate the development of Case D's new ERP system. Members of the steering group reported to their facilities the proposals considered and the current status of the system.
In addition, at the end of the project, the researchers conducted a survey on training needs for the system. Perhaps the most important result of the development project was the concept of further development itself.
Analysis of the case study results and change management
- Life-cycle framework
- Path models
- Strategy and management model
- Requirements model
- Implementation model
- Development model
- Mutual interdependencies of path models
- Objectives and hierarchical action trees
- Change management
- Organisational changes
- Investment models
- Summary: decision for growth and change
- Challenges of growing firms
- Importance of implementation
- Management practices
- Competence development
It is therefore quite natural that researchers play an important role in the strategy and management model (cf. Hyötyläinen et al., 2005; Hyötyläinen, 2005). Therefore, corporate governance and the various functions of the company are very important in the application of the requirements model. The importance of the organization of development and implementation was clearly demonstrated in the case studies.
The analysis resulted in the outline of four development models: the strategy and management model, the requirements model, the implementation model and the development model. The development models and their development paths can help similar companies in their change and development efforts in the future.
Solutions for innovation the design dilemma
- Planning choice of technical change
- Organisational construction model for the planning and
- Organisational learning approach
- Summary: organisational prosesses
The relationships between these elements are described by the organizational construction model for the planning and implementation process of information systems. According to the model of the planning and implementation process, the point of view about the nature of the change mainly defines the design concept, and also partially. The next analysis further specifies the model of the implementation process of information systems:.
The integration of planning and use activities depends crucially on the constructive approach (Lukka, 2003, Hyötyläinen, 2005), as well as on the use of systematic planning methods and tools (Ehn, 1998; Boedker and Gronbaek 1996; Dittrich and Lindeberg, 2004). ; Kautz, 2011). This requires the use of appropriate development methods to advance organizational learning and innovation activities in the process of implementing an information system.
Conclusions
Summary of the study
Furthermore, the social process model of the implementation process of information systems was discussed. The constructive implementation steps represent the concrete method of the constructive research and development model. At the same time, the objective of the constructive research and development activity is the formation of new theoretical concepts and models, and new practical solutions in connection with the implementation of information systems (Lukka, 2003; Oyegoke, 2011).
Each stage of the development process is assigned certain tasks and actors, that is, an organization and development results. The life cycle framework is a basis for analyzing path models of developmental stages.
Research questions and results
- Research frameworks in information systems development
- Innovation design dilemma and its solutions
- Constructive research and development
What is the innovation design dilemma and its importance in the context of the planning and implementation process of information systems. The main point of this study is the development of the constructive research and development method for the application of information systems. According to the model of the planning and implementation process, the point of view about the nature of the change mainly defines the design concept.
Organizational learning and organizational problem solving activities play a central role in the development model for achieving the goals of the planning and implementation process. When the constructive research and development model is discussed, the phase model of the planning and implementation process is presented and analyzed in this study.
Evaluation of the study results
The purpose of the constructive research and development activity is the formation of new theoretical concepts and models and new practical solutions in connection with the implementation of information systems (Oyegoke, 2011). In this study, the stages of the constructive steps are explained for the implementation process of information systems. Another argument is that the treatment of the implementation process of information systems in a user organization is tackled in a new way.
The first is the analysis of theoretical research approaches and the creation of a constructive research and development model, for which the concept of knowledge is based on the principles of critical realism. However, in this study, all approaches were based on an in-depth theoretical analysis of information systems research and development and production management (March and Smith, 1995; Hevner et al., 2004; Peffers et al., 2008).
Future research needs
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