Bulletin - United States National Museum

In this series, original articles and monographs are published which deal with the collections and work of the Museum and which outline newly acquired facts in the fields of tropology, biology, geology, history and technology. It was collected in volumes, octavo in size, with the date of publication of each paper recorded in the table of contents of the volume. In the Bulletin series, the first of which was issued in 1875, appeared longer, separate publications consisting of monographs (sometimes in several parts) and volumes containing collected works on related subjects.

Bulletins are in octavo or quarto format depending on the needs of the presentation. Since 1902, articles relating to the Museum's botanical collections have been published in the Bulletin Series under the heading Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium. Norman (1903) noted the synonymity of Alcippe with Blyth's genus of birds and changed the name to Trypetesa, although many later workers failed to notice this.

Gosoonni dabalataa maqaa isaaniitiin ibsaman IVeltneria Berndt 1907b, Berndtia Utinomi 1950a, Balanodytes Utinomi 1950b, Chytraea Utinomi 1950c, Rogeretla St. Seine 1951, Zapfella St. Seine 1954, Simoonizaapfees Koodeez 1957 Biraakiizaapfees Koodeez 1 957 keessatti.

2 UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 296 Specimen Deposition

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA

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MAN.P

SG STO

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA) 5 a considerable distance, especially upon drying, and empty-appearing

The samples are transferred to a neutral solution similar to their decalcification solution, and then transferred to a preservation solution. Such a double boiler will prevent boiling of the KOH and the violent bubbling action which may occur. Thus, the utility of abdominal body processes for taxonomic purposes is reduced by KOH treatment.

It is desirable to transfer the sample with a quantity of glycerin to a depression screen where the coverslip will not squeeze and distort. Finally, the glass fragments can be removed and the cover sHps placed on the sample itself. Dissection of such small specimens is largely a matter of separation and reahgnation of fairly large portions of the specimen.

The routine procedure involves placing a pin in the acute bend of the thorax and using posterior traction to pull the thorax out through the dorsoposterior wall of the mantle cavity. This frees up the thoracic cirri for more detailed examination, and also draws them away from the mouthparts remaining in the head area.

7 the apertural lips or opercula are separated from the head and flattened

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THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIAI ACROTHORACICA

9 while Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (1947, fifth edition) cites only

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA ) 11 The cirriped can, at most, be considered a modest shell-weakening

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA) 13 operculum, there is no trace of an orificial knob or of the aggregated

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA) 15 Evidence alljdng this organ to the sexual process is indicated by the

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIAI ACROTHORACICA ) 17 The beating rates seem to be the result of a feeding action, which

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA ) 19 The Cirri

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ROARING MEN (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA) 21. Aged "Higgins Eternal Ink" or bone charcoal powder was aged "Higgins Eternal Ink" or added bone charcoal powder at 13 °C in partial darkness. On the fourth day, the sixteen remaining animals were placed in 100 cm of pure seawater at IS^'C and samples were taken, killed and dissected at the intervals indicated in the table below. Cut crustaceans were rather subjectively classified into five classes numbered 0-4, but scored on the following basis: — no carbon; 1 - carbon trace; 2 - low carbon; 3— some carbon;.

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA ) 23

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA ) 25 purple granules are scattered through the body of some species

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA ) 31 end of body; one pair of cirri usually present in vicinity of mouth;

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Theropods are two-segmented, with a reddish hue, and the proximal segment is at least twice as long as the distal one.

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The apertural plates, similar to the operculum, are heavy, broad and flat, tapering to curved tips at the apex, but without large hooks or heavy spines. The teeth of the outer edge are usually bifid or bifid, but sometimes it is a simple tooth. The teeth on the inner edge are more finely divided, three- and four-pronged teeth are common.

Other teeth are scattered across the outside of the opercular plates, which appear to be the culmination of reinforcing ridges laid out in a reticulate pattern. This pattern is more clearly seen on the medial external surfaces of the plates. Rows of fine dots adorn the plates, and long but fairly flexible hair-like bristles are scattered along the length of the plates, especially on the outer or lateral edges. The color of the mantle in HFE is bright brick red, concentrated around the aperture region.

A band of Ughter is found crossing the operculum back dorsally (towards the end of the ascent) of the middle. On the mantle surrounding the opening area are fine scale-like markings interspersed with heavy, small, simple round bases.

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA) 43 The segment count for the cirri follows

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA ) 45 This species is essentially the same as W. reticulata from Heron

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA) 47 The mantle is reinforced internally by two thickened rods projecting

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA ) 49

Ramus: an- posterior- an- posterior- an-poster- an-posterior interior interior interior interior interior interior interior. Diagnosis: Mantle opening length one fourth of the greatest width of the mantle, weakly curved, provided on one side with two anchor hooks, the other side with two feeler-like hinge hooks; tail appendage with four joints; whitish; 4.5x2.5mm; one copy.

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA) 51

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIAI ACROTHORACICA ) 53

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA ) 57 This species is a typical lithoglyptid except for the mantle aperture

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA) 61 bears three blunt cusps and many fine tubercles, rather than sharply-

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA) 65 The posterior end of the thorax bears the fine cu-cular striations

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA) 67 Kochlorine was originally described as lacking an adhesive disk,

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA ) 71 The mantle is sparsely studded with extremely small teeth, especially

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA ) 73 Dredged at the following points by USDI Bureau of Commercial Fisheries

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIAI ACROTHORACICA ) 75

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA) 77 Several distinct clumps of cells are distributed around the seminal

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA) 79 Genus Berndtia Utinomi, 1950a, page 84

This species is very similar to the other two species of the genus, except for the margins of the operculum, which are mentioned in the diagnosis. In addition, small teeth and numerous short hairs are scattered over the outer surface of the operculum (Fig. 18a). The body is almost exactly the same as that of the other species of the genus, as far as can be ascertained.

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA ) 83 The head and mouthparts are not exceptional. Segmentation of

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Masses of granular and cellular material occupied the anterior half, while the swimming setae occupied the posterior half. Diagnosis: JPygophora with digestive tract with intestinal teeth (stomach); oral cirri atrophied or absent; large, weakened labrum present; mouthparts relatively weak; burrow opening almost round, slightly tapering; three or four pairs of terminal cirri; no tail appendage; sidebars present; only free cyprid larva. The three or four pairs of long, biramous, multi-articulated thoracic cirri extend to the arrowhead.

Gruvel (1905) has adequately pointed out that the abdominal appendages are lost in the adult acrothoracicans, and therefore the designation of the abdominal appendages is incorrect.

88 UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 29 6 Cryptophialus minutus Darwin, 1854, page 563

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA) 91 mantle sac immediately posterior to the aperture. A secondary

94 UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 296 Cryptophialus coronatus Tomlinson, 1960a, page 404

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA) 97 Cryptophialus wainwrighti, new species

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA ) 103 the inner curvature, one pair arising distally and one pair arising from

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Cryptophialus newmani, new species: a, female, side view, from Turbolajonkairi, Wake Island; b, female with male from Acroporadigitifer, Palawan, Philippine Islands; c, percular detail of a young specimen from Wake Island, row of serrated teeth on outer surface; d, opercular detail of a mature specimen from Wake Island; e, opercular detail of another specimen from Palawan, Philippine Islands; /, detail of lateral rod termination of specimen in e; g, male of Wake Island specimen, with posterior teeth;.

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The segments bear two pairs of setae on the inner (ventral) curvature; with one odd set on the outer curvature of the upward segments. The appendages are essentially the same size and lack basal hairs arising from segments between or anterior to the appendages. The first, presumably a young specimen, was seen with the antennae extended so far that it could not be turned without distortion (Fig. 28o).

The small globules of darker tissue scattered throughout the body made the determination of eyes and yellow organs risky, and therefore this will not be attempted. The second sample was recovered from a female that had been boiled in KOH so that much of the cell detail was lost (Fig. 28n). The eggs and closed nauplii appear typical of the order, and the cypridis typical of the genus.

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA) 117 The terminal cirri number three pairs of biramous, multisegmented

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA) 119 Segment counts for the left terminal cirri of two specimens follow

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA) 121 and have a long apodeme. The second maxillae are typical of the order

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA) 123 Survey, but as its offices have changed more than once since 1925,

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THE BURROWING BARNOCKS (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA) 125 The gizzard, characteristic of the family, is found at the end of the.

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA) 125 The gizzard, characteristic of the family, is found at the end of the

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA) 127 Table 2

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA! ACROTHORACICA) 131 with many layers of cemented exuviae, where the female is attached to

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA) 135

Type material: Cotypes —colony two examples of Liogryphaea cymbium Lmk from the Domerine of Simon-la-Vineuse (Vendee). Diagnosis: Fossil acrotoracicari burrows with elongate-elliptical holes in associated pelecypod and belemnite shells from Poricy Brook near Middletown, New Jersey. Moreover, holes with slightly different shapes were found in the same association in Ostrea falcata Morton. The holes were milled for measurement purposes, giving the following dimensions in milUmeters, plus and minus one standard deviation, with the number of the sample in parentheses.

These shells were collected in loose mud without stratification in the banks of Poricy Brook, which flows into the Navasink River, collected within a quarter of a mile upstream of the bridge on the Middle-tow^n-Lincroft Road, 0.2 mile SW. The relationship between aperture length and width is depicted in Figure 38b, and the relationship between aperture length and hole depth in Figure 38c, with reference points identified for the genera and thus the species listed above.

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA) 139 Dimensions: The length of the aperture varies between 1.5 and

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA) 143 most readily found in heavy-shelled clams and brachiopods until the

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA! ACROTHORACICA) 147 the Caribbean and western Atlantic, but other species are more

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA) 149

FLAGELLAR

DENSE

TUBULES

PLANE

156 UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 296 BURMEISTER, H

THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA) 157

COMM. Oxford

158 UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 29 6 Saint-Seine, Roseline de

PYGOPHORA LITHOGLYPTIDAE

CRYPTOPHIALIDAE

APYGOPHORA, TRYPETESIDAE

FOSSILS

MISCELLANEOUS

FOSSIL UNFIGURED SPECIES