In the figures of the male genitalia (Figures 1-16), the lateral aspect of the entire genital capsule (minus the aedeagus) is shown on the left side of the illustrations. The figure in the center is of the ventral element (all that remains) of the anellus (sometimes called the juxta or furca), shown in a ventral view. This species is one of the most common and best known butterflies in the Northern Hemisphere.
On the lower surface of the hindwing the pattern is very similar to that of V. The extreme edge of the hindwing on the upper surface in this subspecies is similar to V. Two syntypes, a male and a female, are in the hindwing collection. British Museum (Natural History).
Three of the original series of four syntypes are in the National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France. FEMALE (Figures 68, 69).—The females are quite similar to the males, with a slightly paler ground color on the upper surfaces of the wings. Bassaris differs from Vanessa and Cynthia in habitus and in the structures of the male and female genitalia.
On the lower surface of the forewing there is a blue circle in the oblique area opposite the end of the cell and between the cell and the subapical yellow or white bar.
Bassaris itea (Fabricius), resurrected combina- tion
Alfkin did not specify the sex of his ten specimens, but I suspect that they were female because of his subsequent colored illustration of the undersurface of ida (1903, pi. In Alfkin's illustration the undersurface of forewing at apex and undersurface of hindwing are very pale in color and therefore very similar to females of typical B. In this subspecies the upper surfaces are said to be more brown-black in color and the red more yellowish, with the black border of the ocular spots more diffuse.
On the undersurface of the forewing the pattern is said to be obscure, not distinct as in B. The undersurface of the hindwing is said to be almost uniformly reddish brown, sometimes inconspicuously marbled, sometimes no pattern and eyespots absent or if present hardly distinguishable. Underside, tip of forewings and entire hindwings heavily suffused with reddish brown.
There is a single original male specimen, the holotype, in the collection of the British Museum. HABITUS.—In Cynthia the upper surface of the forewing is predominantly brownish, sometimes pinkish with pubescence, confined to the extreme base of the wing, to the parietal region, to numerous pubescent spots in the cell and in the interspaces of Cut and Cu2; with the middle of the interspace, cut by the anal vein, brownish brown, not hairy; with a white or brownish yellow subapical line at the opposite end of the cell and a set of five or sometimes. On the lower surface of the forewing, Cynthia differs from Vanessa in the lack of blue in the fossa area opposite the end of the cell and between it and the white subapical bar, and in having the base of the wing below the cell a much lighter color, white or brownish. near or at the beginning of vein Cu2.
LIFE HISTORY.—Of the nine species of Cynthia, some life history information has been recorded for all but C. Of the seven species for which we have host records, all live in different genera and species of either Compositae (order Asterales) or Malvaceae (order Malvales). . Here on the upper surface of the forewing, the fuscous color in the interspace CIL, found just beyond the middle of the anal vein, extends upwards into the interspace Cux, but no further.
On the upper surface of the hind wing the oblique and usually sinuous band crossing the wing from costa to just above anal angle is broken along vein M2 or found only below that vein and is represented by a hook-like spot extending upwards from the basal fuscous area. On the lower surface of the forewing, the cardui group has the greater part of the area behind the end of the cell and between it and the fuscous spots by means of cell white and, as on the upper surfaces, the fuscous color from the interspace Cu2 just beyond the middle of the anal vein does not extend upwards to vein M3 as in the virginiensis and carye groups. On the lower surface of the hindwing there are always five small, submarginal ocular spots and there is an isolated white spot, subtriangular in shape, opposite side of cell just above vein M3.
Cynthia cardui (Linnaeus), resurrected combination
On the underside of the hind wing there are only two submarginal ocular spots, these. Most of the samples were taken in the first valley west (about one-eighth of a mile) of a city park named Arroyo Verde Park (Ventura, Ventura County, California).
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