By JOSEPH SWAIN.

BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 55

A BETIEW OF

TIIE

SPECIES OV NTOrEPHOniA FOUND

OIV

THE ATLANTIC COAST OF THE UNITED STATES.

By JOSEPH SWAIN.

Our

_knowledgeof theAnchoviesof the Atlantic coast of theUnited States has been confused

and

_imperfect.

Among ^them

^I recognize three _species,the

synonymy ^and

diagnostic characters of

which

I give in the present paper.

I

am

indebtedto ProfessorJordan for the use of his collections

and

library,

and

forvaluable suggestions.

ANALYSIS OF

^SPECIES.

a. Bodyelongate, ^little compressed, the depth^less than one-fifth the length; ^snout, pointed; insertionof dorsalaboutmidway^{betweenroot ofcaudalandendof}

snout; caudal peduncle long and _{slender; depth}6 in length; ^ailvery^lateral band_{broad,diffuse,}broaderthan_eye. D. 14; A. 19 Perfasciatus, ^1.

aa. Bodycompressed,^littleelongate; thedepthmorethanone-fifththe length; ^inser- tion of dorsalnearer root ofcaudalthan_tipof snout.

b. Analbasismoderate,^itsraysabout20; snout pointed, projectingmuch_beyond lowerjaw; depth 4J ⁱⁿ length; silvery lateral band _{very sharply defined,}

almostasbroadaseye Browni,^2.

bb. Analbasiselongate,^itsraysabout2G;snout rather blunt,not_projectingmnch beyondlower jaw; depth about^fourinlength; silvery lateral baud _diffuse, naiTow, notmuchbroader than _pupil Mitchilli,^3.

1. Stolephorus perfasciatus(Poey)Jor. &.Gilb.

?Engraulis argyrophanus C.

&

V. Hist. Nat. Poiss. xsi, 49, 1848 (equatorial Atlantic).

Engraulisperfasciatus Poey, Memorias _{Cuba, ii,} 313, 1860 (Havana); Poey, Syn.^Pise.Cub._421,1808(Havana)^; Giinther, Cat. FishesBrit.Mas._vii,391, 1868(SanDomingo;Cuba).

Stolepliorusperfasciatus J. &,G. Syn. Fishes North America,273,1682(Wood's Holl,Mass.).

Eabitat.

— _{Cape Cod}

to

Cuba

_;

Wood's

_Holl,Massachusetts;

Havana;

San Domingo.

Head

_{3| (4£ intotal); depth}6 _(6f). D. _14;

A.

19.

Body

elongate,^lesscompressed than ^{in S.}hroicni; belly slightlycom- pressed, notserrated.

Depth

^of

head

_Ifinits length. Snout _pointed, projecting

beyond

^lowerjaw,

about

5in head,^itsprofilebelow notcon- cave.

Eye

^4inhead.

Mouth somewhat

oblique; maxillarytruncate,not reaching quite^tobase of mandible. Teeth

on

mandible

and

maxillary

weaker

thanin 8.broicni. Opercleshort, oblique. Gill-rakersaslong^as snout. Insertionof dorsal about

midway

^{betweenroot ofcaudal}

^and end

ofsnout. Caudal peduncle long

and

slender. Caudal ^fin forked.

Anal

rather _short, without basal sheath, ^its base _5J ⁱⁿ _length ^of fish.

Pectoral _short,2\^{in head. Yentrals 3inhead.}

56 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH

COMMISSION.

Silvery^lateral

band

broad, one-halfwider than_eye, bordered above

by

^a

dusky

stripe. Tip^of snout

and

_{upperpart of} headratherdusky, color otherwiseasin 8. broicni. Described from a_singlespecimen from

Wood's

_Holl, Mass.

Engraulis argyrophanus, taken

by Kuhl and Van

Hasseltin the equa- torial Atlantic, during ^their passage from

Europe

^to Batavia, as ^de- scribed by^C.

&

_V.,doesnot materially^differfrom_Engraulisperfasciatus Poey, but,

owing

^totheinadequate description

and

thelocality, Ihave queriedtheir identity.

2. Stolephorusbrowni_(Gmel.)J.

&

G.

"

Piquitinga, Marcgr.^{Pise. Bras. 159."}

"

Men'ulia,Brown, Jam.441, tab. 45,fig.3."

"Argentina,sp.,Gronov,Zoophyl. 11*2,No. 350."

AtherinabroicniGruel. Syst. Nat. 1397,1788 (Atlantic Ocean; Pacific. After Brown).

Engraulis browni ^C.

&

V.Hist. Nat. Poiss. xxi, 41, 1848 (New York;

Havana; Jamaica;Martinique;Vera Cruz; Brazil);Poey,Memoriae Cuba,ii,312,1860(Havana)^;Poey,Sys. Pise.Cub.419,1868(Havana)^; Giintber,Cat. FishesBrit. Mus._vii,389,1868 (Atlantic;^PacificCoast of CentralAmerica"); ^Jor.

&

Gilb.Proc. U.S.Nat.Mus.1878 (Beau- fort,N.C).

StolephorusbrowniJ.

&

_{G. Syn.} FisbesNortb America, 273,1882 (Cape Codto Brazil).

Clupea^vittataMitcbill,Trans. Lit.

&

Pbil. Soc. N. Y._i,456,1815(NewYork);

Dekay,

New

York Fauna,254,1842_(copiedfromMitchill); Storer,Syn. Fisbes Nortb_America,457,1845(NewYork).

Engraulis ^vittatus Baird,Ninth Smitbsonian _{Eept. 1854,}347 (Beaseley's Point,

New

Jersey).

Engraulispiquitinga "Spix,^{Pise. Bras. tab.}23, fig. 1(not good)."

Engraulis ^tricolor Agass. ^{Pise. Bras.} 51, 1850; Poey, Memorias Cuba,ii,314, 1860(Havana).

Argentina menidia"Gronov,Syst. ed.Gray,^141."

Engraulis^mitchilliGiintber,Cat.FisbesBrit.Mus._vii,391,1868 (Atlantic coast ofAmerica; Cayenne. Description confused withthatof.E.mitchilliC.

&

V.), Engraulis hiulcus Goode

&

_Beau, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. ii,34:!,1879 (Clear

Water_Harbor,Fla.).

Stohphorus^{hiulcus J.}

&

G. Syn. FisbesNortb_{America,237, 1882.}

Habitat.

— New York

to Brazil;

Hudson

_Biver;

New York

_Harbor;

Beaseley's Point,

New

Jersey; Beaufort,

North

_Carolina; Clear

Water

Harbor, Florida^;

Havana;

Jamaica; Martinique;

Vera

_{Cruz; Cayenne;}

Brazil.

Head

_{3| (4.\); depth4| (5£).} D. _15; A. 20.

Body

oblong,compressed; the _belly compressed,

somewhat

^serrated.

Head

moderate. Snout pointed, projecting

much

_{beyondlower jaw,}its

length ^less than diameter of _eye, about 5 in head, ^its profile below slightly concave.

Eye

about 3£ ^{in head.}

Mouth

_{oblique; maxillary}

pointed, reaching almostto gill-openings. Teeth evident on_maxillary and mandible. Cheeks triangular, scarcely larger than _eye. Opercle

*Tbis:111<1 otherreferences to Stolephorus browni fromthePacificCoast apparently refer totberelatedbutdistinct species, Stolephorus isehanus J.&, G.

BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH

COMMISSION.

57

rathershort, oblique.

Length

^ofgill-rakers equals two-thirds thediam- eterof _eye. Insertion of dorsal about

midway

^betweenroot of caudal

fin

and

anterior borderof _eye. Caudal peduncle ^robust. Caudal fin deeply^forked.

Anal

_moderate,withbasal sheath, the length of^itsbase 4f ⁱⁿ head. Pectorals nearly 2ⁱⁿ head. Ventrals _short, 3;Vin head.

Colorin_spiritsslightlyolivaceous_; sidewithasharply definedsilvery band, about ^as wide as _eye,

more

distinct than in our other species.

Snout _{yellowish; top of} head dusky; ^{sides of}

head

lustrous _silvery;

caudal _light, with

many

^darkpoints; dorsallittledotted; anal

and

_pec-

toral scarcely specked. Described from

numerous

_specimens from Beaufort,N._0.,

and

a specimen fromthe coast ofBrazil.

The

_specimens obtained

by

^{ProfessorBairdat} Beesley's Point,

New

_{Jersey, belong}to this species.

Giinther's description^of Engraulis ^mitchilli does not conform to 8.

broicniin depth ^of

body and

^{in the}

number

of anal rays; these ^char- actersprobably^indicatea confusion with E. mitcMlliC.

&

Y. _Engraulis hiulcus

Goode and Bean

differsfrom S. broicni in a

body

^less deep

and

in having

two more

raysⁱⁿ the anal

—

differenceswhichscarcely sustain the _validityof the _species.

3. Stolephorus^mitchilli(C.

&

_V.)J.

&

G.

Engraulis ^mitchilliC.

&

V. Hist. Nat. Poiss. xxi, 50, 1848(New York; Lake Pontchartrain); Poey, Syn.^Pise. Cub._{pp. 421} and_422, 1868(Havana).

Stolephorus mitcMlli^J.

&

G. Proc.U. S.Nat.Mus. 1882.

Engraulis^viltata Storer,Fishes ofMass._{341, 1867,pi.xxvii, fig.}3. (Descrip- tionincompleteanderroneous; thefiguregood,and _{evidentlyreferring}to S. mitchilli. Provincetown, Mass.)

Engraulis duodicim Cope, Trans.Amer.Philos. Soc. 1866 (Beeseley's Point, N.

J. Description erroneous*^ifintendedfor this species).

Habitat.

— _Cape Cod

to Texas

and Cuba;

Provincetown;

Wood's

Holl; Tensacola;

Lake

Pontchartrain; Galveston;

Havana.

For

detailed description ^{of S.} mitchilli, seeJ.

&

_G.,Proc. U. S.Nat.

Mus. 1882.

Indiana University, June

^{11, 1882.}

ON A COULECTION OF FISHES FROM THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEV.

m

By

^{O. P.}

HAY.

The

fishes describedin the following paper were^collected mostly

by

the author during ^the

summer

of 1881.

The

first point ^visited

was Memphis,

^Tenn.

My

collections therewere

made

_during thelatterpart of June,onthe

Arkansas

sideoftheriver.

The

_seining

was

done_there, as I

was

_obligedfor the

most

_part to do it elsewhere, ⁱⁿ the shallow

*This_speciesdiffersfromE.broicni inhaving^{the dorsalfin}entirely anteriortotlie anterior ray of the long and _deeplyconcave anal and in the serration ofits belly.

(Cope.)