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Calculation for simulation of archery goal value using a web camera and ultrasonic sensor
Conference Paper in AIP Conference Proceedings · August 2017
DOI: 10.1063/1.4994461
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Calculation for simulation of archery goal value using a web camera and ultrasonic sensor
Darma Rusjdi, Abdurrasyid, and Dewi Arianti Wulandari
Citation: AIP Conference Proceedings 1867, 020058 (2017);
View online: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4994461
View Table of Contents: http://aip.scitation.org/toc/apc/1867/1 Published by the American Institute of Physics
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Calculation for Simulation of Archery Goal Value Using a Web Camera and Ultrasonic Sensor
Darma Rusjdi
1,a), Abdurrasyid
2, and Dewi Arianti Wulandari
3.
1,2,3 Informatics Departement, STTPLN Jakarta, Indonesia
a)E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract, Development of the device simulator digital indoor archery-based embedded systems as a solution to the limitations of the field or open space is adequate, especially in big cities. Development of the device requires simulations to calculate the value of achieving the target based on the approach defined by the parabolic motion variable initial velocity and direction of motion of the arrow reaches the target. The simulator device should be complemented with an initial velocity measuring device using ultrasonic sensors and measuring direction of the target using a digital camera.
The methodology uses research and development of application software from modeling and simulation approach. The research objective to create simulation applications calculating the value of the achievement of the target arrows. Benefits as a preliminary stage for the development of the simulator device of archery. Implementation of calculating the value of the target arrows into the application program generates a simulation game of archery that can be used as a reference development of the digital archery simulator in a room with embedded systems using ultrasonic sensors and web cameras. Applications developed with the simulation calculation comparing the outer radius of the circle produced a camera from a distance of three meters.
Background
Development of the device simulator digital indoor archery-based embedded systems as a solution to the limitations of the field or open space is adequate, especially in big cities. Development of the device requires simulations (animation) [1] to calculate the value of achieving the target based on the approach defined by the parabolic motion variable initial velocity and direction of motion of the arrow reaches the target.
In this study the variable speed will be gained from the use ultrsonic sensors used to measure the distance range of the withdrawal of the bowstring. While variable directions will be obtained from the web cameras / digital readout position and color values of the image (yellow is the color of the center of the circle). Another variable to look for is the size of the target every race distance (30m, 40m, 50m) are displayed in a room at a shooting range between three to five meters.
The problems of this study are: What is the target size for each distance (50m, 40m, 30m) to the bow distance to the screen in the room? How the positioning and direction of the arrows to the target of a camera at a distance? How to determine the initial velocity of the arrows from the proximity sensor drag? How to determine the achievement of arrows and assessment on target?
The methodology used in this study is the research and development of application software from modeling and simulation approach[2]. Stages of research: Study of the literature on digital color space model and the concept of line and plane cut line on the circle, analysis and algorithm development positioning in the circle of target archery, application program development. The research objective to create simulation applications calculating the value of the achievement of the target arrows. Benefits as a preliminary stage for the development of the simulator device of archery.
Field data collection through library research, interviews and observations about the device archery, archery phase, the rate of motion arrows, distances are contested, the target size of the actual and visible in every distance,
International Conference on Mathematics: Pure, Applied and Computation AIP Conf. Proc. 1867, 020058-1–020058-6; doi: 10.1063/1.4994461
Published by AIP Publishing. 978-0-7354-1547-8/$30.00
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and how to calculate the value to win the race. The movement of arrows analysis using parabolic motion equations approach.
Variable speed obtained from the power conversion device ejection bow and tensile load power coefficient of ultrasonic sensors. fisir arrangement vertically and horizontally to target together with a web camera that is moved only horizontally assisted vertical wire on the bow in front of the camera. The vertical direction of arrows into the target at any distance is inside the camera screen, so that the shooting range in space need to be considered.
Model calculations parabola approach to determining the vertical direction of each distance using bisection methods [3] and movement arrows with twenty iterations of time to the achievement of the target.
The Concept Digital Color
The concept of digital color using a double hex cone color space model to suit different applications. The color model or color space according to Forsyth [4] comprises a linear color space like CIE-Lab, RGB, CMY and K (black) as well as non-linear color space (HSV = Hue, Saturation, Value). This model is applied to various graphic user interfaces (graphical user interface) is primarily a double hex cone model (RGB-HSL convertion) is widely used in software applications on the Microsoft operating system environments.
Double hex cone color space model is a digital color model developed from color theory Mansell. This model describes the relationship between the theory of color RGB (Red, Green, Blue) with color theory HSL (Hue, Saturation, Luminancy) [5].
Double hex conical shape is described as the image above is a combination of two cones with the basic shape hexagon or square-six equilateral. Double hex cone horizontal pieces in the form of a hexagon which is composed of six equilateral triangles. This illustrates the hexagon shape the values of Red, Yellow, Green, Cyan, Blue, and Magenta each of which has a value of red, green, blue colour is (255,0,0), (255,255,0) (0,255,0), (0,255,255), (0,0,255), and (255,0,255).
FIGURE 1. Double hex cone color space model.
Steps To Archery Success
There are 10 Steps To Archery Success (from Physical Education Pound Middle School – Deschaine approaches):
1. STANCE - Place one foot on each side of the shooting line. Find a comfortable balanced stance with your feet shoulder width apart. Stand straight and tall, with your head up and your shoulders down and relaxed.
Archers shooting in a wheelchair should place one wheel on each side of the line.
2. NOCK - Place the arrow on the arrow rest, holding the arrow close to the nock. Keep the index (odd colored) fletching pointing away from the bow. Snap the nock of the arrow onto the bowstring under the nock locator.
3. SET DRAW HAND AND SET BOW HAND: - Set the groove of your first three fingers around the bowstring creating a hook. Keep the back of your drawing hand relaxed. And set your bow hand on the grip using only the web and the meaty part of your thumb. Your bow hand should stay relaxed throughout the entire shot.
4. PRE-DRAW - Raise our bow arm towards the target, while keeping your shoulder down. Look at the target
through the sight ring, and line up the bowstring with the center of the bow. Rotate your bow arm elbow under. The elbow of your drawing arm should be near the level of your nose.
5. DRAW - Draw the bow back by rotating your draw arm shoulder around until your elbow is directly behind the arrow. Continue looking at the and keep the string lined up with the center of the bow as you draw. Maintain a continuous drawing motion throughout the shot.
6. ANCHOR - Draw the string to the front of your chin, placing the knuckle of your index finger directly under the side of your jaw*. The string and string hand should be felt firmly against your jaw bone. Lightly touch the string to the center of your nose. Continue to draw the bow smoothly, without stopping. * Beginners should anchor with your first finger at the “corner of your smile”.
7. AIM - Focus your eyes and your concentration on the center of the target, looking through the site ring.
Keep the string lined up with the center of the bow. Continue your smooth gradual draw.
8. SHOT SET-UP – After reaching the anchor point and begun your sight alignment, create a slight movement from your drawing shoulder and arm to the rear. You can release anytime during this process.
This is done exactly the same with the String Bow and the real bow.
9. RELEASE - Simply release the tension in your fingers and drawing hand, all at once, while you continue the drawing motion without stopping. Continue extending the bow arm towards the target as you release.
Continue focusing on the target.
10. FOLLOW-THROUGH - Your drawing hand continues back beside the neck with fingers relaxed, ending up near the shoulder. Bow arm continues extension towards the target for a recurve, and maintains its position for a compound shooter. Continue focusing on the target Maintain your follow-through until the arrow hits the target, or until your fingers touch your back shoulder for a compound shooter.
The Initial Velocity and Direction of the Beginning
Stages of determining the attainment of arrows namely: Preparation fisir accuracy through calibration of the midpoint of the camera screen to shift the direction of the horizon and the vertical direction (using wire) fisir in the direction of the barrel or rod arrows using a plus sign-shaped wire / plus ( "+").
Application development process depends on the accuracy of the calculation of the position where the arrows are generated from the target value determination algorithm based on the position of arrows target with a fill color in the form of digital image record results camera (web cam). Position the results of the rate of arrows through an approach that is determined by the projectile motion.
FIGURE 2. Motion Picture of bullets (parabola)
Determination of the direction of the arrow to the target of a camera at a distance. Assumptions seek initial velocity in terms of lower tensile load arc characteristics and high tensile load of the four levels of load that is 32 pounds and 44 pounds.
The results of field observations achievement approximate distance of 50 meters approximately 2 seconds to bow to the ejection power by 32 pounds. And 1.5 seconds for the arc with ejection power by 44 pounds. Assuming gravity of 9.8 meters per second squared it with the achievement of each distance obtained equation to find the angle or direction of the arrows beginning:
X= (Vo2.sin 2a)/g (1) Sin 2a = (x-g) / Vo2 (2)
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Figure 3. shows the comparison of the distance (XR) and the diameter the target (YR) in the room with the distance on the field and the diameter the target circle in room. The results are shown in the table 1. diameter of target in room.
FIGURE 3. Comparison of the targeted distance and high in space
FIGURE 4. Camera Screen Limit horizon TABLE 1. Diameter of target in room Dia
(cm) distance in field distance
in room 30 m 40 m 50 m 3 m 8,000 6,000 4,800 4 m 10,667 8,000 6,400 5 m 13,333 10,000 8,000 TABLE 2. variables for arrows motion
Distance Velocity Angle sin a cos a Gravity
50 31 16,18475 0,278735 0,960368 9,8
Vx t.Xrmax t.YRmax Yrmax XR.YRmax 29,77141 1,679464 0,881714 3,809353 26,24986
The approach of numerical methods such as a bisection method obtained the results as in the table 2 below, where Vo is the speed of 28 meters per second for 32 pounds and 31 meters per second for 44 pounds at a distance of 50M. Through the calculation bisection method with 20 iterations intervals achievement of the target range to produce a horizontal boundary accuracy target goal each distance on the camera screen (see table 3).
TABLE 3. iteration of arrows motion
I Ti Vy XR YR
0 0 8,640793 0 0
1 0,083973 7,817856 2,5 0,65649 2 0,167946 6,994919 5 1,243876 3 0,25192 6,171982 7,5 1,762157 4 0,335893 5,349044 10 2,211333 5 0,419866 4,526107 12,5 2,591405 6 0,503839 3,70317 15 2,902372 7 0,587812 2,880233 17,5 3,144234 8 0,671786 2,057295 20 3,316992 9 0,755759 1,234358 22,5 3,420645 10 0,839732 0,411421 25 3,455193 11 0,923705 -0,411516 27,5 3,420637 12 1,007678 -1,234454 30 3,316976 13 1,091651 -2,057391 32,5 3,14421 14 1,175625 -2,880328 35 2,90234 15 1,259598 -3,703265 37,5 2,591365 16 1,343571 -4,526203 40 2,211285 17 1,427544 -5,34914 42,5 1,762101 18 1,511517 -6,172077 45 1,243812 19 1,595491 -6,995014 47,5 0,656418 20 1,679464 -7,817952 50 -8E-05
Applications developed with the simulation calculation comparing the outer radius of the circle produced a camera from a distance in the room. Target size for each distance (50m, 40m, 30m) on the screen in the room adapted to convert the count results to the application (see table 4).
Results and Discussion
Before the build of computer application programs created for scenarios such as the display layout and algorithms as follows: Measuring the diameter of the target on a camera which uses a target sample three circles with a diameter of 18.6 centimeters at a distance of 5 meters, 4 meters and 3 meters
TABLE 4. Diameter of target Conversion for application dia
(pixel) distance in field distance
in room 30 m 40 m 50 m 3 m 237,097 251,613 294,194 4 m 316,129 335,484 392,258 5 m 395,161 419,355 490,323
A test sensor distance measuring tensile yield the same size as the actual distance with a tolerance of 5 mm.
Distance maximum tensile (anchoring position) averages approximately 50 centimeters a reference coefficient rate of 100 percent. Determining the achievement of arrows with parabolic motion based approach time to the achievement of the target range. And calculating the achievement of arrows into the target range is influenced by variables initial velocity and direction arrows beginning. Values obtained from the speed and distance measurement value tensile direction arrows from horizonal position on a camera that is perpendicular to the ground plane. The timing for attainment of arrows into the target range.
Target size by high targets in space as the diameter of the outermost circle. The center point of the circle has a value of x is measured from a vertical reference line (using wire) is placed on the tip rod tube arc simulator. Y value is measured from the horizon position (angle) camera produced by a tensile load variable arc selected (initial velocity), and the distance of the target. Limit the vertical center of the camera selected is at 14 degrees. The calculation of the arrows from the center yellow circle is measured to the center point the camera at any distance.
Simulation calculation comparing the outer radius of the circle produced a camera from a distance of 3 meters.
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Conclusions and Recommendations
The requirement analysis and the iterative design helped us to eficiently develop this complex system.
Based on the stages of study and discussion of the above results, the results achieved in the form of creation of the software application is carried out through research methods and approach to software development. This application software can determine the position and the value of achievement arrows archery target at a distance of 50 meters, 40 meters, and 30 meters from the shooting range of 3 meters in space. The size of the screen diameter rounded in multiples of 15 on a scale of twips mode (Twentieth per points). Fisir control in an upright (vertical) should be parallel to the center line of the camera and must comply with each horizontal boundary specified distance. The results achieved in the development of simulation development of digital arc.
Advice from the simulation results that have been made is necessary to find a quicker way the reading of a yellow color as the center point of the circle as seen from the camera. Applications can be developed to be played individually or together in the form of computer network game. In addition it can be attempted for the application of the device simulator archery bows and archery game applications simple. Another development in the form of an application or a simulator simulating rifle shooting.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We would like to thank Meilia NIS for the modeling simulation computer laboratory and Prayudi for the D3 mechanical workshop. Syafruddin Mawi, Dedy Widodo gave discussion, archery lessons and encouragement.
REFERENCES.
1. Göbel, S., Geiger, C., Heinze, C., Marinos, D. “A Virtual Archery Simulator”, (Advanced Visual In Rome, Italy, ACM ISBN: 978-1-4503-0076-6, 2010), pp. 337–340.
2. Robert France, Bernhard Rumpe, “Model-driven Development of Complex Software: A Research Roadmap”, (Proceeding, FOSE '07 2007 Future of Software Engineering, ISBN:0-7695-2829-5), pp. 37-54.
3. Ehiwario, J.C., Aghamie, S.O, “Comparative Study of Bisection, Newton-Raphson and Secant Methods of Root- Finding Problems”, (IOSR Journal of Engineering - IOSRJEN, ISSN (e): 2250-3021, ISSN (p): 2278- 8719, Vol. 04 Issue 04, April, 2014), V1, pp 01-07.
4. Forsyth, David A., & Jean Poule, “Computer Vision, A Modern Approach”, (New Jersey: Prentice Hall- Pearson Education International, 2003). pp 107-111.
5. Krishnamurthy, N., “Introduction to Computer Graphics”, International Edition, (Tata McGraw-Hill, Singapore, 2002). p. 55.
6. Rusjdi, Darma, “Model-model Warna Pada Perangkat Lunak Aplikasi”, (Journal: “Teknologi dan Energi”, ISSN: 1411-7754, vol 5 no. 4, 2005).
7. Regulation National Round Archery Competition, Directorate of Sport Education, Directorate General of School Education, Youth and Sports, Indonesian Ministry of National Education, in 2000.
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