Canadian Journal on Computing in Mathematics, Natural Sciences, Engineering and Medicine
Editorial Board
Muhammad Akram, Canada Qingang Xiong, PhD, USA
Hafiz Adnan Habib, PhD, Pakistan Wichian Sittiprapaporn, PhD, Thailand Mohd Lazim bin Abdullah, PhD, Malaysia Yi Fang, PhD, USA
Muhammad Zaini Ahmed, PhD, Malaysia Ali Masoudi-Nejad, PhD, Iran
Manjunath TC, PhD, India Pragati Jain, PhD, India Bindeshwar Singh, PhD, India P. S. K. Reddy, PhD, India
Mohana Sundaram Muthuvalu, PhD, Malaysia K. V. L. N. Acharyulu, PhD, India
Mohamed Morsy El Gohary, PhD, Saudi Arabia Ibikunle Frank Ayo, PhD, Nigeria
Shamim Ahmad, PhD, India Simin Hagh Nazari, PhD, Iran
Ogunwande Isiaka Ajani, PhD, Nigeria
Canadian Journal on Computing in Mathematics, Natural Sciences,
Engineering and Medicine Vol. 4 No. 1, February 2013
ISSN: 1923-1660
Title: Applicability of Box Jenkins SARIMA Model in Rainfall Forecasting: A Case Study of Port-Harcourt south south Nigeria
Authors: Osabuohien-Irabor Osarumwense
Pages: 1-4Abstract— This paper describes an empirical study of modeling and forecasting time series quarterly data of Rainfall in Port-Harcourt, south south Nigeria. The Box-Jenkins SARIMA Methodology has been used for forecasting, the diagnostic checking has shown that the seasonal model (0,0,0) x (2,1,0)4 fitted to the series is appropriate, and forecast are obtained on the basis of the fitted model.
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Title: Numerical Investigation of Small Scale Pin Fin Heat Sinks with Vibration Effect
Authors: Suabsakul Gururatana, Xianchang Li
Pages: 5 -10Abstract— Heat sinks are widely adopted in electronics cooling together with different technologies to enhance the cooling process. For the small electronics application, the small scale pin fins heat sinks are extensively used to dissipate heat in electronics devices. Due to the limit of space in the small devices, it is impossible to increase heat transfer area. In order to improve the heat transfer performance, the applying the forced vibration is one of
challenging method. This paper applies the vibration frequency between 50 to 1,000 Hz to pin fins heat sinks. The results of numerical simulation clearly show satisfied heat transfer augmentation. However, the Pressure drop significantly increases with frequency.
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Title: Measure of Non Compactness and the Theory of Matrix Transformation
Authors: Ayaz Ahmad
Pages: 11 -20Abstract— In this paper we discuss classical summability theory which deals with a generalization of the concept of convergence of sequences and series of real or complex number. Many important sequences spaces arise in a natural way from various concepts of summability that are related to a generalized notion of convergence of real or complex sequences. Here we discuss transformations by infinite matrices .The most popular methods are defined by Haussdorf matrices and their special cases . We give an introduction to the basic method from functional analysis and their applications to the solution of the mentioned problem in the theory of matrix transformations . They include the theory of FK, BK, and AK spaces and measures of noncompactness, in particular the hausdorff measure of non
compactness.
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Title: Recognition and Segregation of Rural Water Wasting Factors in Mahalat City, for Preferences Planning
Authors: Sharareh Pourebrahim, Mehrdad Hadipour, Alisafar Heidari, Shahabaldin Taghavi, Alireza Kheirandish
Pages: 21 -25
Abstract— This research is an approach to combining of scientific methods and field work data to recognition and segregation of the elements of rural water wasting in Mahalat city.
Experimental methods in mentioned field are effective to reduce water wasting rate. But implementation a new research based on scientific approaches can play an important role to estimate and reduce water wasting rate. The first step of the research is recognition of the human, technical and management factors of rural water wasting in Mahalat city. In the second step statistical analyzing of the field work result was done, it shows non-acceptable situation of the water pert in some of rural areas. Technical and demographic investigation of the mentioned situation, emphasizes on the role of human and management factors. However technical and civil factors cannot be ignored. The research successfully mange following solution to reduce rural water pert: education programs, encouragement rules, repairing
broken water meters, good designing of the reservals and acceptable location of relevant facilities
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Title: Evaluation of weaknesses and strengths in implementation of outsourcing in the rural water company of Markazi province
Authors: Mehrdad Hadipour, Sharareh Pourebrahim, Shahabaldin Taghavi, Alisafar Heidari, Alireza Kheirandish
Pages: 26 - 33
Abstract— The rural water company of Markazi province is one of the first companies that would like to implement outsourcing to increase the quality of management. The purpose of this research is to describe the outsourcing process in the company, determine the effective factors involved in this process and their priorities. The aim is to develop a generic
conceptual model for the outsourcing process in the Abfar Company. There is a need to find some criteria to check weather outsourcing can be useful or it is better to do by company.
These set of criteria has been found in this study by using new techniques such as SWOT analysis, Analytic Network Process (ANP) and DEMATEL technique. This research
develops a new generic conceptual model based on literature review, field research and using these new techniques. This model is unique and can be considered as an aid in the
outsourcing process of organizations. The model consists of the following steps and components: considering the organization's basic activities, evaluation of organizations' existing potentials and analyzing organizational processes using some techniques that lead to implement outsourcing process in terms of some critical success factors, and evaluation of outsourcing process of the organization by the model and identifying feedbacks. The paper determines the main components and influence factors involving in the process of
outsourcing in Abfar Company. The generic model developed in this paper as a framework can be used to increase the efficiency and the effectiveness of the outsourcing process of this company. The authors believe that the proposed model and results of this research can aid managers to implement their outsourcing process in a more efficient and effective manner in their organizations.
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Title: Fuzzy Similarity Measures Approach in
Benchmarking Taxonomies of Threats Against SMEs in Developing Economies
Authors: Ezer Osei Yeboah-Boateng
Pages: 34 - 44
Abstract— There are various threats that militate against SMEs in developing economies.
However, most SMEs fall on the conservative “TV News Effect” of most-publicized cyber- threats or incidences, with disproportionate mitigation measures. This paper endeavors to establish a taxonomy of threat agents to fill in the void. Various fuzzy similarity measures based on multi-attribute decision-making techniques have been employed in the evaluation.
The taxonomy offers a panoramic view of cyber-threats in assessing mission-critical assets, and serves as a benchmark for initiating appropriate mitigation strategies. SMEs in
developing economies were strategically interviewed for their expert opinions on various business and security metrics. The study established that natural disasters, which are
perennial in most developing economies, are the most critical cyber-threat agent, whilst social engineering is the least critical threat.
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Title: Impact of some Pseudomonas spp isolated from casing soil on the hyphal growth of Agaricus bisporus
Authors: Anwar O. Mohammad, Abdulkareem E. Sabaa
Pages: 45 - 48Abstract— The (Agaricus bisporus) require a casing layer that has specific physicochemical and microbiological properties which stimulate and promote the initiation of sporophore.
However, slight attention has been given to the importance of microbial properties of casing materials. The aim of this study was to determine the action of Isolated Pseudomonas spp.
from casing soil on the hyphal growth of Agaricus bisporus on compost malt medium and it was found that only Pseudomonas putida increase the hyphal extension rate over the bacterial colony. Pseudomonas tolaasii markedly inhibited growth and lysis the mycelium of A.
bisporus, mycelia were also inhibited by Pseudomonas aeruginosa but the inhibition did not occur until fungus hypha contact with bacterial colony. Furthermore, Pseudomonas
fluorescens show no positive or negative effects on mushroom mycelium compare to control treatments. Until now most research and applications of Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been conducted with animal disease. Findings of this research showed that this bacterium inhibits the mushroom hyphal growth.
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Title: Removal of Phenolic Compounds from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption on an Activated Carbon
Synthesized from Waste-Grease
Authors: Ismail Ibrahim, Hiba Ali
Pages: 49 - 55Abstract— Phenolic compounds are toxic pollutants that have to be removed from
wastewater. Adsorption of phenolic compounds on activated carbon synthesized from waste- grease is studied as one of possible techniques for eliminating phenolic compounds from aqueous solution. A synthetic activated carbon was manufactured from wasted samples of grease and ore sulfur using zinc chloride under oxidized atmospheres. Specific surface area, produced charcoal content (RC) and pH were measured and the activated carbon was used for phenol and para-nitrophenol removal under different temperatures. It was found that
Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms fit the experimental data very satisfactorily.
The synthesized activated carbon has high adsorption rate and surface area and can be used for the treatment of industrial wastewater. The adsorption capacity was almost independent of temperature. The thermodynamic parameters associated with the adsorption process, ΔGo, ΔHº and ΔSº were reported and allowed us to conclude that proposed models are very satisfactorily to the work aim.
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Title: Assessment of Urine on Body Weight, CD4 Cells and Testosterone Hormone
Authors: Duru Majesty, Nwanekwu Kenneth, Arukwe Uche, Eze Adindu, Amadi Chioma
Pages: 56 - 60
Abstract— Assessment of urine on body weight, CD4 cells and testosterone hormone was carried out. Forty male albino rats of wistar strain were separated into five groups of eight rats each. One group served as the control while the others served as test groups. Different volumes of early morning urine from a student were given to test animals for twenty-eight days. Urine collection was done at an interval of two days; only normal fresh urine was used.
Urine collected was discarded after each usage. Results obtained showed that urine had significant effect (p<0.05) on body weight of test rats against the control rats. CD4 cells and testosterone levels were insignificantly affected (p>0.05) in test rats when compared to those of the control. This study has shown the assessment of urine on body weight, CD4 cells and testosterone hormone.
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Title: Palm Oil Biodiesel Life-cycle Cost Analysis
Authors: Sidharta Sahirman, Saparso, Agus Sarjito, Mokhtar Awang
Pages: 61 - 64
Abstract— Indonesia has a special interest in the development of biodiesel – a renewable energy. Biodiesel has a bright future, as Indonesia is the world’s largest producer of crude palm oil (CPO) — a desirable feedstock for biodiesel production. Biodiesel has the potential to become a significant industry sector in Indonesia. The use of biodiesel as a replacement for fossil-based diesel has a significant potential advantage to reduce dependency on the
conventional fuels. The limited current production of biodiesel is mostly due to the cost associated with the production. Therefore, the cost performance of biodiesel needs to be improved to increase its competitiveness against fossil-based diesel. As a new renewable energy alternative, it is required to have an approach to compare biodiesel with the
conventional one in economic terms. Life cycle cost analysis fits for this purpose, which can also help identify the key areas in biodiesel production cycle where changes are required to improve its cost performance. This study aims to assess the economics of biodiesel as an alternative transportation fuel for diesel vehicles in Indonesia based on life cycle approach.
The scope of the study includes the palm cultivation/ processing, the conversion to biodiesel, and all transportation activities taking place within the system boundary. The life-cycle cost of Palm Oil Biodiesel based on default values is Rp. 4.812/liter. The cost breakdown shows that the main contributor of the biodiesel high cost is the CPO and methanol costs. While recycling methanol might save some, reducing the CPO total cost is the key, since it is account for 68.7% of the overall cost. Further cost breakdown of CPO costs reveals that Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) price and energy costs play important roles on the total cost.
Hence, to improve the competitiveness of biodiesel, energy uses in CPO mill and transportation activities should be reduced, along with a better price and FFB yield.
Eventually it leads us to the final conclusion that research and development of palm oil plantation should be carried out by supporting institutions to improve plantation efficiency as well as the quality of FFB.
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Title: Evaluating the allelopathic potential of Cestrum nocturnum leaf extracts on (Maize) Zea mays L.
Authors: Oluwole Omikorede, Oladipupo A. Lawal, Abimbola A. Oshodi, Oyedamola Oke
Pages: 65 - 68
Abstract— The phytochemical screening and allelopathic studies of aqueous, chloroform and methanol leaf extracts of Cestrum nocturnum have been studied. Preliminary
phytochemical screening consisting of simple chemical tests was performed on Cestrum nocturnum leaf extracts to detect the presence of secondary metabolites. The allelopathic activity of the extracts was studied on seed germination and radicles (root and shoot) growth of Zea mays. The extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, saponins, tannins and glycosides. The results of the allelopathic studies show that C. nocturnum leaf extracts cause a general phytotoxic activity at all concentrations. The chloroform extract had the highest allelopathic potential compared to the aqueous and methanol extracts, with percentage seed
germination and, root and shoot elongations of 85% and (50.7 and 23. 7) mm on Z. mays, respectively. Further studies on the allelopathic potentials of C. nocturnum for weed control may be highly desirable.
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Title: Evaluation of normal value of CA15-3 for Sudanese females from Northern state of Sudan
Authors: Saeed Bafaraj, M. A. Eltayeb, A. M Elamin, A. M. Hassan, N. Ali
Pages: 69 - 74Abstract— Anti-CA 15-3- coated tubes were labeled for the different standards, quality controls and females samples. First incubation; 200 ul of standard, samples or control prepared as described above were pipetted to the corresponding tubes, the tubes were gently shake, covered and incubated for 2 hours at room temperature 18 C with continuous
horizontal shaking (400 rpm).First washing; the contents of the tubes were carefully
decanted, 2 ml of distilled water were added to each tube and immediately decanted carefully.
Wash step was repeated once. Second incubation: 200 ul of the tracer were added to each tube and to two other tubes to obtain the total counts T. tubes were covered and incubated for 1 hour at room temperature (18-25 °C) with continuous horizontal shaking (400 rpm).Second washing: the contents of the tubes were carefully decanted except the total tubes. All the tubes were washed with 2ml of distilled water except the total tubes and immediately the contents were decanted. The wash step was repeated once. The emitted gamma rays were measured in the gamma counter from all the tubes including the total ones in order to obtain bound (B) and total cpm (T)...
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Title: Change Point Detection in Trend of Mortality Data
Authors: F. Amani, A. Kazemnejad, R. Habibi
Pages: 75 - 80Abstract— Mortality refers to death that occurs within a population. It is linked to many factors such as age, sex, race, occupation and social class. Change in the pattern of mortality trend can affect the population standards of living and health care. This event makes a change point is occurred in mortality rates. The aim of this study is to detect change point in Iranian mortality data during1970 to 2007. We use several frequencies and Bayesian methods to estimate the change point in mortality data by Poisson model. All methods show that a change has been occurred in mortality rates of Iran at year 1993. Results showed that pattern and rate of mortality before and after change point is not similar.
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Title: Strictly Target for Multivalued Spectrum over Local Monoid
Authors: E. M. Solouma, Abdullah Aljouiee
Pages: 81 - 86Abstract— In this paper, we introduce the notion of strictly target for multivalued spectrum over a local monoid, in order to get a categorical definition of the notion inductive limits of multivalued spectrum. We derived its main properties.
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Title: Biplot Simulation of Exponential Function to Determine Body Dimensions’ Growth Rate of Bali Calf
Authors: Putu Sampurna, Ketut Saka, Lanang Oka, Sentana Putra
Pages: 87 - 92Abstract— Biplot simulation of exponential function was performed to determine body dimensions’growth rate of bali calf using biplot analysis with Promax rotation (90). Biplot graphic demonstration showed that exponential functions with slow growth occurred in quadrant II, with medium growth occurred in quadrant I, and with fast growth occurred in quadrant IV. Biplot demonstration of the body dimensions in male and female Bali calves showed 3 pieces of quadrants i.e. quadrant I, quadrant II and quadrant IV of two-dimensional eigenspace. Based on the result, it can be determined that the body dimensions Bali calves were as follows; in quadrant II was at a slow growth rate, in quadrant I was at a medium growth rate, and in quadrant IV was at a rapid growth rate
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Title: Comparison of Seven Asymptotic Error Rate
Expansions for the Sample Linear Discriminant Function
Authors: D. D. Ekezie, S. I. Onyeagu
Pages: 93 - 115Abstract— Seven asymptotic error rate expansions for the sample linear discriminant
function were considered and compared using binary variables. A simulation experiment was carried out to compare the performance of these rules. In all, 22 population pairs which gave rise to 225 configurations were formed. At each of the 225 configurations, the asymptotic expansion with error having the minimum variance after 1000 repeated trials is declared the best. For the 225 configurations of the simulation experiments, Anderson’s asymptotic expansion was the best in terms of minimum variance.
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Title: Discriminatory and Canonical Analysis of Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensis jacq) Data
Authors: D. D. Ekezie
Pages: 116 - 121Abstract— The best single discriminant function was determined by a standard form of canonical analysis and tested as to its adequacy by a direct X2 analysis. It was found that the between progeny variance required two canonical variates to be adequately represented. This led to the study of distance which was resolved into independent quadratic forms showing the relative contribution of each biometric character to the total D2 values. The canonical variates were interpreted by reference to original variables and their principal component. They were recognized as composites of general and specific abilities. The non-general variance of the first variate was found to involve physiological ability in which the character height of the oil palm seedling predominates. The first main dimension was responsible for nearly 40 percent of between progeny variation.
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Title: Thermal Profile of Cylindrical Nuclear Reactor Fuel Elements "An Analytical Approach"
Authors: C. E. Okon, Y. E. Chad-Umoren, T. M. Abbey
Pages: 122 - 132Abstract— An analytical approach of the general heat conduction differential equation in cylindrical coordinate is employed to solve the temperature distribution and heat flux for the nuclear fuel element. In this paper, we have shown the transient temperature behavior by solving analytically the heat transfer equation using Green’s functions and also developed from first principle the transient temperature equations for the fuel element. Results obtained shows that, the transient temperature distribution decreased from the centre of the fuel to the surface of the cladding and followed a parabolic decay pattern after increase in time. Since
measurements of fluid flow variables and thermophysical properties such as thermal
conductivity, burn-up, porosity, heat capacity, temperature, density, velocity and pressure are not amenable to direct measurements, mathematical modeling have been conducted in this study.
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Title: A Block Predictor-Corrector Method For The Direct Solution of General Fifth Order Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Olabode B. T.
Pages: 133 - 139
Abstract— This article presented the direct block predictor-corrector method for solving general fifth order initial and boundary value problems of ordinary differential equations.
Method of collocation and interpolation of power series approximate solution was used to derive a continuous linear multistep method. Block method was later used to generate the non-overlapping solution at selected grid points. The method did not require developing separate predictors to implement since the prediction equation was obtained directly from the general block formula and it is better than the conventional predictor-corrector (P-C) method.
Of great interest are some basic properties of block predictor-corrector method, such as, convergence, order, error constant and zero-stability. These basic properties were
investigated. The performance of the new block method was tested with some fifth order initial value problems.
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