CASTOR BEAN AND PHILIPPINE - TUNG GROWN IN WATER CULTURE

LEAD (PB) TOXICITY EFFECT ON PHYSIO - ANATOMY OF BEAD - TREE, JATROPHA,

CASTOR BEAN AND PHILIPPINE - TUNG GROWN IN WATER CULTURE

HAMIM, HANIFATUNISA, HADISUNARSO, LULUK SETYANINGSIH, DEDEN SAPRUDIN

IPB UNIVERSITY

Bogor - 2019

INTRO DUCTI

ON

2

Marginal lands in Indonesia 59.2 M Ha

(Ditgen Eastate, 2012)

Environmental problems:

• Invertile

• Lower pH / higher pH

• Heavy metal content (Pb, Cd, Hg).

INTRO DUCTI

ON

3

PHYTOREMEDIATION

(effective – efficient)

10 Ø Effective

Ø Efficient

Reduce contaminant from the environment utilize plants

INTRO DUCTI

ON

Utilization of non-edibe crop for phytoremediation 5

MEGABIODIVERSITY

Bead tree (Melia azedarach L),

Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.), castor bean (Ricinus communis L.),

Philippine tung (Reutealis trisperma [Blanco]).

Potency of Non-edible crops

 tremendous

OBJECTIV THE E

To analyse the response of bead-tree (Melia azedarach),

jatropha (Jatropha curcas), castor bean (Ricinus communis) and Philippine tung (Reutealis trisperma) to lead (Pb)

contaminant in water culture experiment based on

morphological, physiological and anatomical parameters

5

METHODS

9

M. Azedarach J. curcas R. communis R.

trisperma

SPECIES

METHOD

9

METHOD

Germinatio n

(± 10 hari)

Planting to

Polybag Hoagland

Preparation

Water culture application Acclimation

(± 14 days)

9

METHOD

METHOD

Acclimation (± 14 days)

Treatment with Pb(NO₃)₂

(0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 mM)

Growing for 21 days

Observa tions

9

PARAMETERS ANALYSIS

9

Ø Plant growth (plant height, leave number, Leaves area)

Ø Physiological parameters (MDA content, chlorophyll content)

Ø Anatomical parameters (Leaf anatomy and

Histochemical)

RESULTS

9

M. Azedarach J. curcas R. communis R.

trisperma

SPECIES

GROWTH: PLANT HEIGHT

INCREASE LEAVES NUMBER

Species Pb concentration (mM)

0 0.5 1 2 3

Increase leaf number (n)

Bead-tree 0.25

^c

0.17

^c

0.17

^c

0.17

^c

0.17

^c

Jatropha 2.17

^a

1.67

^a

1.08

^ab

0.67

^b

0.25

^c

Castor bean 1.83

^a

0.58

^b

0.92

^b

0.33

^c

0.33

^c

Philippine tung 0.36

^bc

0.40

^bc

0.40

^bc

0.40

^bc

0.40

^bc

Averages 1.15

^a

0.70

^b

0.64

^b

0.39

^bc

0.29

^c

LEAVE AREA

Species Pb Concentration (mM)

0 0.5 1 2 3

………….……. Leaves area (cm) ………

Bead tree 50.13 ^ab 48.53 ^ab 37.73 ^ab 35.17 ^ab 30.43 ^b Jatropha 79.85^a 71.34^a 66.86^a 62.67^a 62.67^a Castor bean 51.00^ab 48.44^ab 47.13^ab 46.87^ab 45.52^ab Philippine

tung 65.90^a 57.75^a 57.16^a 47.98^ab 47.14^ab Averages 61.72 ^a 56.51 ^a 52.21 ^ab 48.17^ab 46.49^ab

MDA CONTENT

CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT

Corelation between MDA and Chlorophyll

content

LEAF ANATOMY

The width of (µm) Treatments (mM)

Species Bead

tree jatropha Castor

bean Philippine tung

Leaves width 0 506.0^a 612.4^a 739.2^a 473.2^a 3 412.4^b 586.4^b 456.0^b 462.0^b Sponge tissues 0 188.8^a 321.6^a 284.8^a 186.4^a 3 150.0^b 211.6^b 200.0^b 166.4^b Palisade tissues 0 124.8^a 141.6 ^a 214.8 ^a 192.4 ^a

3 179.6^a 215.2 ^a 145.2 ^a 200.8 ^a Upper epidermis 0 53.6 ^a 118.8 ^a 115.2 ^a 81.2 ^a

3 46.4 ^a 60.4 ^b 56.8 ^b 56.0 ^a Lower epidermis 0 53.2^a 83.2 ^a 110.4 ^a 69.6 ^a 3 36.4 ^a 50.0 ^b 44.4 ^b 48.8 ^b

LEAF ANATOMY

HISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS M. azedarach

Control 3 mM of Pb

HISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS J. curcas

Control 3 mM of Pb

HISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS R. communis

Control 3 mM of Pb

HISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS R. Trisperma

Control 3 mM of Pb

Principle Component Analysis

CONCLUSION

q Pb treatment caused significant decrease of growth of four biodiesel producing plant (Bead tree [M. azedarach], Jatropha [J. curcas], Castor bean [R. communis], Philippine Tung [R. trisperma]).

q Pb treatment induced lipid peroxidation based on MDA levels in line with the concentration of Pb, even tough there was variation among species

q Chlorophyll content decreased dramatically due to Pb treatment which had negatively correlation with the increase of MDA content

q Pb caused the decrease of leaves width due to the decrease of upper and lower epidermal tissues and sponge tissues but not palisade

tissues.

q Pb was translocated to the leaves with different proportion among the species

q Based on PCA analysis, Philippine Tung (R. trisperma) was the most tolerant species to Pb treatment among the four species

AKNOWLEDGMENT

q Thanks for The Ministry of Research and Higher Education, Republic of Indonesia that support this research through The Scheme of Basic Research for Higher Education (PDUPT)

q The Center of Plantation Research, The Ministry of

Agriculture, Pakuwon, Sukabumi that provided us seed of all the species that we used in the experiments

q All member staf students in the Department of Biology,

FMIPA – IPB University who involves in this research