One of the ways to make a coherent paragraph is by using transition signals which are connections between paragraphs. Example: Speaking is one of the easy lessons among the other lessons in English study. In this example there is the use of the wrong transition which is the underlined word "and" because in the sentence above it describes the reason and "and" is used to connect two sentences and above explains the reason and the right one " and ” should be “because”.
Theories in this context are used to clarify the concepts of how to achieve the research objectives. It means that in the process of understanding the spoken language, listeners use only part of the incoming information, while interpreting it, listeners use their basic knowledge. Writing is one of the powerful communication tools that people use today and throughout their lives.
Genre of writing Genre refers to the type of writing based on the social function and content of the paragraph. Rather, it is in line with any written text in English that contains one or more paragraphs in which the writer informs people about events of the day that are considered newsworthy or important. The social function is to inform readers about an event of the day that is considered newsworthy or important.
It is written to reveal the truth about the subject to the reader.
Descriptive Paragraph
Discussion is a written English text in which the writer presents some points of view on a matter. The social function is to convince the reader or listener that something is the case. Persuasion (Hortatory Exposition) is a written English text in which the author convinces people that something should or should not be the case.
The social function is to convince the reader that something should or should not be the case. Explanation is a written English text in which the author explains the processes involved in the formation or operation of natural or socio-cultural phenomena. The social function is to explain the processes involved in the formation or operation of natural or socio-cultural phenomena.
The Parts of Descriptive Paragraph
Paragraph
The Three Parts of Paragraph
- The Topic Sentence
- The Supporting Sentence
- The Concluding Sentence
According to Oshima and Hogue (2006:3) stated that all paragraphs have a topic sentence, supporting sentence and some paragraphs also have a concluding sentence. It not only names the topic of the paragraph, but also narrows the topic down to a specific area that can be fully discussed in the space of a single paragraph. The part of the topic sentence that announces the specific area to be discussed is called the controller.
That is, they explain or prove the topic sentence by providing more information about it. The closing sentence heralds the end of the paragraph and leaves the reader with important points to remember. Every good paragraph has a topic sentence, which clearly states the topic and defining idea of the paragraph.
For this reason, the topic sentence is a useful guide for both the writer and the reader. The reader can see what the section is going to be about and is therefore better prepared to understand it. If it is too specific, the writer will have nothing to write about in the rest of the paragraph.
It develops the main idea or controlling idea in the topic sentence by proving, illustrating, explaining, or defining the main idea. In a paragraph, a main supporting sentence directly develops the main idea while a minor supporting sentence develops its main sentence. A concluding sentence is useful to the reader because it is a reminder of important points.
Elements of a Good Paragraph .1 Unity
Coherence
- The Ways to Achieve Coherence in Writing Paragraph
Coherence is that the sentences must hold together; that is, the movement from one sentence to the next must be logical and smooth.
Transition Signals
The Types of Transition Signals
- Transition Signals to Introduce an Additional Idea
- Transition Signals to Introduce an Opposite Idea or Contrast
- Transition Signals to Introduce a Choice or Alternative
- Transition Signals to Introduce a Restatement or Explanation
- Transition Signals to List in Order
- Transition Signals to Introduce an Example
- Transition Signals to Introduce a Conclusion or Summary
- Transition Signals to Introduce Show Cause-Effect
When creating a story, especially in English, authors do many things to make their writing interesting and enjoyable to read, such as choosing the right words, punctuation correctly, choosing grammar, good sentence structures. and appropriate use of conjunctions. In general, transient signals can be classified as follows; transition signals to introduce an additional idea, transition signals to introduce an opposite idea or contrast, transition signals to introduce a choice or alternative, transition signals to introduce a restatement or explanation, transition signals to list in order, transition signals to introduce an example, transition signals to introduction of conclusion or summary, transition signals for introduction show cause-and-effect. In writing, these transition signals are used to add more information or ideas in the same direction.
Moreover, Veit and Gould (2009) call this transition as and signals, and they add some extra transitions, such as furthermore, and another, moreover, additionally. Contras signal that the writer is pointing out the differences between two things, subjects, or ideas. There are many contrast signals that can be used as in contrast, although, however, while, but meanwhile, on the other hand.
There are many choice or alternative signals that can be applied such as Otherwise, or, if, unless. There are three transition signals that can be used to explain or interpret a certain point of a statement. There are many of a restatement or explanatory words that can be applied as it is, in fact, indeed.
There are many a list in order of words that can be applied as first, second, third, first, second, last. Veit and Gould (2009) stated that for example words are used to make a change from general to specific. There are many example words that can apply such as, for example, such as
This sentence is usually started by using conclusion signals such as conclusion and summary, then followed by a sentence. There are many conclusion or summary signals that can be used, such as conclusion, yes, in short, in short, in summary. There are a lot of show cause-effect signals that can be used as a result, because, as a result, for this reason, therefore otherwise, then, so therefore, thereupon, and thus.
Technique in Applying Transition Signals
A conclusion is placed at the end of a paragraph or the last part of an essay. Furthermore, these concluding words are used to summarize or conclude the information that has been presented by a writer. When there is an idea or paragraph that is stated as a cause sentence, then another idea or paragraph is presented as an effect sentence, cause-and-effect transitional words and phrases are used to connect them.
Position of a Transition Signals
Rules of a Punctuation
Place a comma to separate between a clause that uses transitional words and the rest of a sentence.
Transition Signals Usage
- Previous Research
- Conceptual Framework
- The Conceptual Framework
- The Research Design
- The Subject of the Study
- The Instrument of Collecting Data
- The Technique of Collecting Data
- The Technique of Analyzing Data
The research is conducted to know the types of errors of TBI-4 seventh semester students using the transition signal procedure based on surface strategy taxonomy to know the dominant errors and problems in TBI-4 Padangsidimpuan seventh semester. Based on the results of the given test, it was found that most of the students made mistakes when using the process of passing signals when writing sentences. This study has similarities with the writer's research in analyzing students' difficulties in using transition signals.
The second one from Dewi Kartika Sari (2018) is titled "The Use of Transitional Signals in Writing Essay at the Fifth Semester Students of English Department in Muhammadiyah University of Makassar". This research aimed to find out the use of transition signals in essay writing specifically to find out the types of transition signals and the accuracy of its use. The transition signals that were analyzed are transition signals for adding ideas and emphasizing, showing contrast and comparison, showing cause and effect, giving examples, introducing time order or sequence, and concluding or summarizing.
The results of this research showed that the total number of transition signals used by the students was 203 transition signals, specifically 35 transition signals to add and emphasize, 32 to show contrast and comparison, 17 to give example, 5 to show reason and effect , 95 to introduce time order and sequence, and 19 to summarize. In order, the percentage of accuracy for adding and highlighting ideas, showing comparison and contrast, giving examples, showing cause and effect, giving time sequence and sequence, and summarizing transition signals was 86%. While the highest percentage of accuracy was transition cues to exemplify, and the lowest percentage of accuracy was transition cues to summarize.
This study is similar to the writer's research in the instrument of data collection with the writing test. The third by Fitra Ariadi (2017) entitled "Students' ability to use transition signals in paragraph completion". The objectives were 1) to investigate students' ability in using transition signals in paragraph completion and 2) to investigate students' difficulties in using transition signals in paragraph completion. The previous research was conducted using quantitative descriptors, while the present research uses qualitative descriptors.
The writer wants to analyze the types of transition signals that students make when using transition signals. In this research, the writer uses descriptive qualitative research to describe students' difficulties in using transition signals in writing descriptive paragraph of second year students of SMP Gajah Mada Medan. In this research, the writer takes only class VIII-A comprising of 18 students as the subject of study.
Writing tests are used to find out students' difficulties in using transition cues to write descriptive paragraphs. When collecting data, the data are analyzed to identify students' difficulties in using transition cues to write descriptive paragraphs.
