For the people of Panama and most of Latin America, the Panama Canal is just one example of many USs. One of the tallest skyscrapers in Hong Kong today is the Jardine-Matheson department store. 2 Its round windows are reminiscent of the windows at the beginning of the opium trade.
One consequence of the humiliation at the hands of foreigners was a loss of confidence in the Chinese government. The Taiping Rebellion is the most horrific civil war in world history. For example, maps of the world sold in the United States generally show the United States in the center, while maps in Great Britain show Great Britain in the center, and so on for other nations.
They see the Monroe Doctrine as protection for Latin America against European colonization and the intervention of Europe in the governments of the Western Hemisphere. 5For an informative overview of some of the issues that have affected relations between the United States and Mexico, see John Skirius, “Railroad, Oil and Other Foreign Interest in the Mexican Revolution, 1911–. More specifically, it referred to the territorial expansion of the United States from the Atlantic Ocean to the Paci c.
The Mexican War resulted in Mexico ceding California and much of the West to the United States. It was also used in the acquisition of the Panama Canal Zone from Colombia in 1903 and the formation of a provisional government in Cuba in 1906. As the Global Perspective at the beginning of this chapter illustrates, the creation of the country of Panama was a total fabrication of the United States.
Manufacturers have found that construction equipment used in the United States requires extensive modifications to cope with the intense heat and dust of the Sahara desert. 17 See Map 2, "Global Climate", in the World Maps section for an overview of the diversity of the world's climates. China began filling the reservoir in a major step toward the completion of the world's largest hydroelectric project.
1989 The Berlin Wall falls, symbolizing the opening of East to West for ideas and trade. 2 percent in cities of 100,000 or more; today, more than 40 percent of the world's population are urban dwellers, and the trend is accelerating. The prospects for improvement are not encouraging because most of the world's urban growth will take place in the already economically stressed developing countries.
62 Europe is the region of the world that is most affected by the aging of the population and, as a result, the constant reduction of the ratio between employees and pensioners.
CROSSING BORDERS 3.3
This inequality means that there will be fewer workers to support future retirees, resulting in an unbearable tax burden for future workers, more of the over-65s remaining in the workforce, or creating pressure to change existing laws to allow mass migration abroad. stabilizing the ratio between employees and pensioners. However, a recent United Nations report provides the strongest argument for change in immigration law as a viable solution. The country with the largest proportion of elderly people will be Spain, closely followed by Italy.
Recognizing the problem, Spain has changed immigration laws to open its borders to all South Americans of Spanish descent. 63 To prevent the ratio of workers to pensioners from falling, Europe will need 1.4 billion immigrants over the next 50 years, while Japan and the.
CROSSING BORDERS 3.4
What we sometimes fail to recognize is that the same trade routes remain important today and that many Latin American countries have strong relationships with Europe, Asia and the rest of the world dating back to the 16th century. The raw materials traded have changed between the 16th century and today, but trade and trade routes are still important. Each revolution in technology has had a profound effect on human conditions, economic growth and the way trade is conducted.
A British authority exhorts foreign marketers to study the world until "the mere mention of a city, country, or river makes it possible to pick it out at once on the map." While it may not be necessary for the foreign marketing student to memorize the world map to that degree, a prospective international marketer should be reasonably familiar with the world, its climate and topographical differences. Geographical barriers must be recognized as having a direct effect on marketing and the related activities of communication and distribution. Many of the peculiarities of a country (ie peculiar to the foreigner) would be better understood and anticipated if its history and geography were more closely studied.
In addition to the simpler and more obvious influences of climate and topography, history and geography exert complex influences on the development of a country's economy and overall society. History and geography are two of the foreign marketing environments that must be fully understood and must be incorporated into foreign marketing plans to a degree commensurate with their impact on the marketing effort. The internet and mobile phone revolutions will be no different; they also affect human conditions, economic growth and the way trade operates.
As we will discuss in subsequent chapters, the combination of the Internet and the dramatic increase in the number of mobile phone subscribers worldwide is already beginning to shape the way international business is managed. But as the combinations of new technologies permeate the fabric of the world's cultures, the biggest changes are yet to come. The marketer “must also examine the more complex effect of geography on general market characteristics, distribution systems, and the state of the economy.” Remark.
Discuss how your interpretations of Manifest Destiny and the Monroe Doctrine may differ from those of a native of Latin America. The telegraph, the telephone, television, satellites, the computer, mobile phones and the Internet have all influenced the way international business functions. If the air in any part of the Earth is heated above the temperature of the surrounding air, it becomes less dense and rises.
The ocean's surface currents, which extend to depths of several hundred meters, are influenced by global wind patterns. The transfer of warm water poleward can have a strong influence on adjacent continents; for example, the warm Gulf Stream in the Atlantic Ocean keeps northwest Europe ice-free.
Contemporary terrorism has two major motivations; challenge the global role of the United States and national self-determination. The violent challenge to the global presence of the United States by al-Qaeda is a relatively recent development that transcends state politics. For example, terrorist activities in India, Pakistan and the Middle East are dominated by the goal of national separation or self-determination.
The presence of failed states and poverty raise concerns that some countries will become training and recruiting grounds for terrorist groups targeting Israel and the United States. MIDDLE EAST Israeli-Palestinian conflict; terrorist challenges to established regimes (such as Saudi Arabia); and insurgency against the growing US conflict over Kashmir, tensions in Afghanistan and Pakistan, and the presence of Al Qaeda in Southeast Asia combine to make the region a focal point in the war on terror.
It is a key theater in the war on terror, where many countries receive financial and military aid from the United States. Several countries have taken part in the US-led war on terror, but worry that it has also made them actual or potential targets for Al Qaeda.
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