Based on the theory used in this study, namely theory of Westwood about the factors that caused the students problems to understand English text, they are (Learner's background, Teaching technique and Learner's environments).2. The results of interview Factors that cause the students problems to understand English text, aspects of learner's background (students' interest, motivation and prior knowledge) of the second grade students of MA DDI Kanang Kabupaten Polewali Mandar. Based on Westwood's theory, this aspect is related to the students' interest in reading English text, and also the students' motivation in reading.
In addition to the students' prior knowledge of reading English text is also one of the factors that have given students difficulties in understanding English text. Based on the result interviews from several of the 2nd grade students above, it can be concluded that the students' interest and motivation to read English text is still lacking, this is because they do not understand the text they were read. Students need to master a lot of English vocabulary to help them understand and translate the English text they were read.
Interview results Factors causing students' difficulty in understanding the English text, aspects of teaching technique (technique or method of transfer of material by the teacher) of second grade students of MA DDI Kanang Kabupaten Polewali Mandar. The technique my teacher uses is to have the students take turns reading the text. Moreover, the name of the student interview result is Khusnul Khotimah from class XI MIPA 1 explained as follows:.
From the above statement of the students, it can be concluded that on average the second grade students of MA DDI Kanang like the way their teacher teaches reading. In addition, the result of the interview of the student name is Ali Nahrawi from class XI MIPA 1, also stated:. Although, students like their teacher's techniques, if these techniques do not help improve students' vocabulary through the text they read, it will. become an obstacle for students in understanding the English text.
The result of the student's interview name is Salsabila Putri from class XI IPS with the following explanation:. The results of the interview Factors causing the students' difficulties in understanding English text, aspects of the student's environment (school and home) of the second class students of MA DDI Kanang Kabupaten Polewali Mandar. In addition, because there are still few students interested in reading English texts, students can only learn reading and reading lessons when they study in class.
Based on the results of all interviews with some of the above students, the researcher has found the final factors that cause students to have difficulty understanding English texts. This is also one of the reasons why students at school are lazy to read a book. The students stated that they only read the English textbooks when the English reading lessons take place in class.
Second, according to the home environments, based on the above student interviews, almost all of the second grade students of MA DDI Kanang are lazy or only sometimes read English books at home.
DISCUSSION
Difficulties Faced by the Students’ in Comprehending Explanation Text After analyzing data from the results of the students' answers to the
Due to the total score or the number of students who answered the question correctly, as many as 32 students. This means that the item indicators of this question are easy for students to understand. While the most difficult item for students to understand is the item DI22 (Detailed information question 22, see appendix 1) with measure (logit) 3.3 and the score is 1.
This item is the most difficult for students to understand, it can be seen from the number of measures (log) 3.3 and the number of points or the number of students who answered correctly is only one student'. This indicates that this item is the most difficult item for students to answer and understand in terms of the number of points or the number of students who. A summary of the order of items from easiest to most difficult can be seen in (table 4.1).
Based on the image of the item card person (see Figure 4.1), it appears that numbers 0-4 and above indicate that the item is the most difficult for students to answer. And conversely, the number 0-3 below indicates that the item indicators are the easiest for students to answer. Thus, from the general description, it can be seen that three indicators are the most difficult for students to understand, namely DI (Detail Information), LR (Localization Reference) and the last one is MI (Making Inference) with 3 items each.
From the theory above, it can be concluded that students need to understand the five aspects of the indicators above in order to understand the content of the text they are reading because the English text covers these five aspects. To distinguish this study from previous studies done by Septiana Fauzia, this study focuses on identifying students' problems at school while the previous research focused on students at university and also distinguish in one of the research results that the previous research found. Determining the Main Idea as one of the most difficult and this study found Detail Information as one aspect of problems that the students face in understanding English text. While from the results of the measurement in item summary statistics of 30 item questions that were used to measure the students' understanding in understanding English text (see figure 4.2), showed that the number reliability was 0.89.
22Septiana Fauzia, Descriptive Analysis of Students' Difficulties in Understanding English Reading Text (Case Study of Second Semester Students of English Department Students in IAIN Salatiga in Academic Year Thesis of State Institute for Islamic Studies: Salatiga, 2019). Meanwhile, to find out the percentage of students who have difficulty and do not have difficulty in understanding explanation can be seen in (see Figure 4.3). The picture shows that out of the 30 points on the indicator given to 41 respondents, there were 23 students who still had difficulty understanding English text and only 18 students could be categorized as being able to understand the explanatory text.
Factors of Causing the Students’ Faced Difficulties in Comprehending Explanation text
According to Westwood, this factor has to do with the interest and motivation of the students, the latter being the prior knowledge of the students that the student has known before. In MA DDI Kanang, most students in second grade are still less interested and motivated in learning English reading. From the students' explanation above, it was concluded that students' interest and motivation in reading English text, especially the explanation text, are still low.
Although students like English lessons, students' motivation to read English text is very low because their basic knowledge is very lacking. If students were less motivated to read, they will have problems understanding the text they read. Sulistiawati of XI MIPA 2 and Syahrul of XI IPS class also explained the students' prior knowledge in reading English text as mentioned above.
He found that students do not master English vocabulary, which makes them lazy and do not like to read English texts, especially if the text provided by their teacher is long and they do not know the meaning of the word in the text, they have to use a dictionary or Google translate , to help them translate the text because the students still lack English vocabulary. The students' prior reading skills are also still lacking, so students face problems when they find an unknown word or long sentences and a foreign language in the text. 26 Yolanda Melandita, Problems of students in understanding English reading text in the second semester of the eighth grade of SMP Darul Falah Bandar Lampung in the academic year of the thesis of the State Islamic University: Lampung, 2019), p.22.
According to Westwood, this factor is related to the teacher's technique or method, the way the teacher conveys the material to the students. However, according to the students' statements in the results of the interviews conducted by the researcher, the technique used by their teacher is not effective to improve the students' understanding of the English text. Therefore, students still have problems in understanding English texts because their teacher used inappropriate techniques to improve their understanding of English texts.
Because the teacher has a duty to transfer knowledge to the students, especially in reading lessons. The teacher must be good at determining techniques or methods that are suitable for learning to read in order to overcome students' difficulties in reading learning. The students also said that they study at home, alone without the help of their families, due to the reason that their families do not understand the English language.
This is also the reason why students only sometimes read English books at home, because there is no assistance and support from their parents or family members. And the factors that cause students' difficulties in understanding the text in English, First, the lack of students.