In supporting the findings and analysis of this study, the writer divides this chapter into three parts. They are previous studies, the review of theory used, and theoretical studies. In this part, the writer will discuss about the previous studies has been chosen works and how theory used in this study also theoretical framework. In this session, the writer will discuss how being a good girl and how the theory influences the issues when being on the hard stage called as quarter life crisis. This study can be as awareness about people existences of quarter life crisis sufferer, actually about the quarter life crisis or crisis in early twenties. It can give society an understanding about how being quarter life crisis sufferer and also how it can work according to psychological. From that, this could be a depictive of someone thought and voice since this study is the depictive of queer community through the text (Mahendra & Amelia, 2020). However, they should to do and being quarter life crisis sufferer. The writer believes that how represent of quarter life crisis with applies psychological theory in the movie can be useful to society how they should give response and for their knowledge about being in struggle quarter life crisis however all these things are not always being negative side but able for self-development.
2.1 Previous Study
Hidayah (2016) entitled The Quarter-Life Crisis Experienced by Megan Lynn Shelton’s Laggies movie found out how the experience of the character Megan
Lynn in the Laggies movie. This research also told about similar case issue with this study. Therefore, it helped the writer to apply this thesis. This research was to analyze about quarter life crisis experienced by using intrinsic element in the movie. Furthermore, the result showed how the condition of quarter life crisis experienced in a character of movie. This study found out the describing certain issue about quarter life crisis require by the researcher in this research. Therefore, the research helped the writer to target issue in that way quarter life crisis were created by societies and themselves and it explained that how the analysis of quarter life crisis character in a Movie. This research mixed between sociology approach and psychology approach into the thesis. It talk about the character of Megan as quarter life crisis and explain more specific about the major, minor character, and setting as the tools the writers to approve how the character to be suffer on the quarter life crisis.
Murphy (2011). Emerging Adulthood in Ireland : Is the quarter life crisis a common experience?. The finding of this thesis is talking about how the writer’s thesis wants to explore how the experienced of people in the early twenties in Ireland. How their confusing are becoming into known as quarter life crisis in which it was culture there. This study helps this thesis due to discussing about similar case with issue this thesis. It can get from that thesis with certain issue about emerging adulthood that then writer told the crisis of someone for growing up into adult. There was a difference between emerging adulthood and quarter life crisis for a bit but they still on the same case issue due to the things happened into crisis life. This previous study shows off that the perspective between the emerging adulthood and quarter life crisis happened in Ireland. This thesis using
sociological for analysis how environment dealing and society dealing with quarter life crisis’s someone and psychological to look at the mental and themselves become a quarter life crisis sufferer. Thus, emerging adulthood and quarter life crisis has important place to build the character.
Nugroho & Aryani (2021). The Influence of Systematic racism on quarter life crisis in The Autobiography of Malcom X (as told to Alex Haley). The finding of this article is how the writer take a issue about racism that happened on who suffer in quarter life crisis. This study actually use sociology approach. However, the writer applied into this thesis due to looking at the context of quarter life crisis issue there when that issue dealing with racism. The context are unique due to when someone one get into quarter life stage but still get racism. Therefore, this study helps the writer to elaborate more the idea of quarter life crisis in the racism context. Thus, this article shows off that the perspective quarter life crisis within influences of racism. Racism is not kind of usual issue happen into someone.
Thus, when someone gets into suffer two kind issues immedietly it meant they really within into life crisis. This article gives contribution to this research due to any same case discuss in which it help the write due to this study using sociological and also psychological context to see how the character of Alex Haley on the Authobiography of Malcom X.
Hasanah (2018). An Analysis of Personality on Amy Character in Trainwreck Movie (A Psychological Literature Approach). This research focuses to analyze
the character in the movie. Also this research not only analyze on the main character but also any characters in the movie. It analyzes how the personality on the characters. Then, the research is using psychological approach to represents and describes how personality on the characters. Therefore, the research relates with this theisi that discussing about psychological issue happen on the character is using on the psychological approach and how to analyuze the characters.
Nirwanto. (2017). A Study of The Psychological Aspect of The Main Character in
“Finding Nemo” ; A Movie by Andrew Station. This research focuses to describe how the character on the main character in the Finding Nemo movie. It is using psychological approach that analyze on the psychological aspect in the main character such as Marlin and Nemo as the main character on the movie. This research also use the approach due to represent how the behavior and character both of them. Moreover, this research describes and identification the behavior and character from Marlin as daddy with his possessively and Nemo who’s Marlin son with all those things that he wants knew. Therefore, this research has correlate with the thesis due to it analyzes the main character in the movie use psychological approach and it helps to show how to analysis movie using that approach.
2.2 Theoretical Studies
Theory used to as reference to equal frequency by interpreting hypotheses or responses. In the science term theory is not just hypothesis or a supposition.
However theory is structure that has factual data and information by collecting supporting evidence. Discussion about how suffer as a quarter life crisis context.
There is no wrong to become kind, giver, and friendly to each other. However, it has limit for it. It is about how survive as to be kind person in difficult period, such as quarter life crisis. There is a period in which a person has emotional creationism that involves sadness, isolation, not feeling enough, self-doubt, anxiety, to feel unmotivated and confused. Quarter life crisis is such of crisis identity. The feeling of being caught up in a situation whether it is a job, a relationship, or some other matter connected with the welfare of life. All these thoughts that possible to changed (Robinson, 2015). Then, there was a new period of rebuilding. Moreover, person’s who on phase of commitment and values.
However, the prevailing feelings of anxiety, confusion, and sadness are present in the crisis of entering into the stages of adulthood may continue into their 30s.
Somehow, quarter life crisis refers to suffer in twenties. Quarter life crisis sufferer feels on the period in which a person has emotional creationism that involves sadness, isolation, not feeling enough, self-doubt, anxiety, to feel unmotivated and confused. Quarter life crisis sufferer do all their work, make all the plans, and looking others as their dream and it help them to get into quarter life crisis due to looks what others get. Quarter life crisis sufferer friends, their lover, even for stranger they can do anything to make their life well-being and even as quarter life crisis sufferer only feels stuck and confuse that what happen in their life. Therefore, it happens due to quarter life crisis sufferer always do pressing their selves into comparison to others achievement and reward. I believe
that when comparing myself with others, we will do our best and motivate to try harder. And someone who always does things better than me will make it harder to celebrate my success (Friedemann S, 2015).
Similarly, it is about life crisis or more commonly known as the quarter life crisis.
Many things build the crisis stage of life. It is starting with finance, family, or even envy, seeing how others accomplish and then comparing themselves. Life in our mid-20s to the early 30s should be happy and exciting. However they are not all lucky so well. Then, those are usually dealing with patron to their families' lives. Furthermore, when is in a stage life crisis. Then the person would have any sign of what significant changes were occurring. Within a literary work the mark or the character change a person can be seen in their motion and behavior. One's conduct may change when one feels uncomfortable or threatened. Conduct in literature characterization of a character. Intrinsic elements are the building blocks of literature that come from within the work itself. The intrinsic element's literature consists of subjects, themes, plots, stereotypes, backgrounds, viewpoints, language styles, and discourses (Nurgiyantoro, 2009). There are signs as a change in character attitude. So when in the stage quarter life crisis, a change of mood can occur is very significant. Who at first were happy and cheerful then were confused, sad, and distraught. The quarter life crisis reporting, they also become disbelieving in irregular sleep, and then they usually feel disbelieving because they always see what others have.
The main of theory will use in this study is psychological theory. The theory discussed in this chapter is supporting the problem from previous chapter. The review is presented several subtitle. In which the several parts will discuss about psychological behavior toward environment, and the second how living in quarter life crisis, and last about the character of who’s suffer on the quarter life crisis, and the last a bit analysis of Frances Ha as quarter life crisis happened in character.
2.2.1 Psychological Approach
The focus of this study describe about quarter life crisis experienced on Frances Ha in Frances Ha movie. Then, psychological approach may apply and as the result is for the study of quarter life crisis. Psychology of literature can be content of research that considers the significance and having the part of psychological studies (Afif & Amelia, 2021). As the main theory, the writer uses psychological approach by BF Skinner due to he was founder of behavior approach and may support several idea by others. That, BF Skinner is talking about psychological relating with behavior impact to society and environment.
Then, it helps this research because this study discuss about the main character that how Frances behave o people around her. It will impact to her life. Then, BF Skinner also put this approach that what people have done it can get reward as what they did. Human behavior stimulus is under control. (BF Skinner). Thus, quarter life crisis sufferer is relating to use this approach due to when someone is a quarter life crisis sufferer a phase or state that a person experiences at the age
of 20 or from a quarter of a century with a sense of confused, tired, comparisons, and emptiness in his life.
The psychological theory is used to approaches to human thought, emotion, and behavior. In which is a prediction of human behavior. It may well be said that somebody psychological condition might impact how somebody needs need to seem in social communities (Nababan & Nurmaily, 2021). In the psychological theory it also explains human thought errors it also predicts in the errors that occur. Every individual has different conscious and feelings to express to everyone because two these things can be averaged one to the others. How people behavior and habit in the middle society as their environment. Psychological is kind of sciences that study about how people open behavior (talk, sit, stand, walk, etc) and close behavior (think, believe, and feeling) on the relation within their environment (Syah, 2001).
Somehow, in this term focus on how the characteristics in each individual can interact with social environment. Thus, this term focuses on mental and personality affect to each other. Psychological refers to mental illness in which directed to understanding and solving human activities. It means psychological is about understanding about the thoughts or symptoms of human consciousness, apart from the body. In which psychology is a branch of science that makes inquiries into signs and activities on the psyche.
Moreover, the psychological theory closes to psychological development of society. The psychology also process to observe behavior and activities, when two of those as concept of soul life. According to psychological was a study that
investigates and studies the behavior and activities which of action and activity constitute the state of mental instability (Purwa, 2012:27). Therefore, for this research is psychological theory is applied to describe the issue about quarter life crisis. When in psychology believes that movies affect to gathering impact to audience to convey message from the story line (Kiranamita & Samanik, 2021).
There are sub theories will be divided by the writer such as, quarter life crisis, and Film Study.
2.2.1.1 Quarter Life Crisis
2.2.1.1.1 Quarter Life Crisis Happened by Financial Crisis
In this study related to discussing about quarter life crisis itself. That’s why the writer loads the theory also the meaning of quarter life crisis due to economic or financial crisis. Somehow, quarter life crisis refers to suffer in twenties. The quarter life crisis is happening on some side, which has its own factor, one of which is the quarter life going on with the thought "it's all about money". True even in life now as a human needs money. Everything we want to do is done with money, a common function that everything is accepted as payment (Sayer, 1938).
Someone feels the corporate world to the tyranny of the land. Shift of sight driven by demanding realities or demands that increasingly meet the list of needs. It is common in the quarter life crisis sufferer that has no less or less income if it is said that have not meets with people around with above-average income that is already being standardize for success.
2.2.1.1.2 Quarter Life Crisis happened by not Their Passion
To clarify to crisis, several things are characteristic of quarter life crisis. Usually it is a sign or habit of being a Quarter life crisis sufferer that becomes to stuck and sad. The crisis can be defined as a sudden stage or event or indeed have been predicted toward a person's activities that upset the balance of mechanisms for continuing life. At this phase and stage at this any phase of crisis everyone feels that they are stopping, trapped, and not growing. Those feelings are natural because the crisis is a negative event that suddenly comes and moves at a life- crisis stage. Therefore, when a person is in crisis they frequently try to find their way back to stability. Similarly, it is about life crisis or more commonly known as the quarter life crisis. Many things build the crisis stage of life. It is starting with finance, family, or even envy, seeing how others accomplish and then comparing themselves. Life in our mid-20s to the early 30s should be happy and exciting.
However they are not all lucky so well. Some of us experience periods of anxiety, insecurity, and even depression. That means you're in the quarter life crisis (Meva, 2020). Then, the quarter life crisis should be out of the zone. Being sure that he's feeling up to snapped then being honest with them self, which is undermining good policy. However, there are times when self-deception can help you in a positive context as you progress. However, one must not lie to oneself about what is truly desirable. Afterwards, find a purpose. The crisis of life may be the result of a lack of clear purpose. It encourages the quest for meaning of life. Purpose in life is important because it is regarded as both a motivation and a development in process.
2.2.2.1.1.3 Quarter Life Crisis happened by Family
Those are usually dealing with patron to their families' lives. Thus, the quarter life crisis sufferer with factor usually predestined their dreams to earn more than their passion jobs. Those, who feel lost and despondent as they carry out all those jobs that come out of their dreams. Although, bias of gender never happened on the quarter life crisis suffer. Whoever can be suffer on quarter life crisis in the literary works divided some aspects of growth and development. Then, that everything else was required to be something delicious had a beautiful value so that there should be a message that intersects the values of life. When is divide the setting into three aspects of the setting of time, the setting of places, and the atmosphere or social settings. In a literary work, the background is important because it indicates the place and time of events. Quarter life crisis happens for many reasons such as working world, frustrating, identity confusion, future insecurity, and family and peer pressure (Robbins & Willner, 2001). So the background that overlooks the background of the stage quarter life crisis is there with varying aspect. When comes from child and parent conflicts. It's only natural that every parent wants what's best for their child. Parents are prominent with prestige and policies. Thus, a child should be able to live up to the demands given by the encouragement given. With purpose and purpose as an example or view that others view as bad because their parents were somehow disadvantaged by someone of note. The crisis of dreams is also common with the parent or the person closest to them. Afterwards social media, social media has much impact in both positive and negative sides. The stage quarter life crisis is usually caused by envy or wanting to look like the person, wanting what they had, wanting what
they were becoming, and a lot of desirable things. Pressure from parents can also carry a person on the quarter life crisis because they feel they are taken by the family's decision. However, parents think that what they do to their kid is the best way to make their kid enter into happiness.
2.2.2 Film Study
Film has either heard or witnessed phenomenon. Film is an audio-visual medium capable of attracting citizens of the world to not only enjoy, feel emotional, and be sensitive but be able to display cultural wealth or convey perceived intent. A movie is a video-shaped medium that starts or is produced in a real idea, and then it has to be a cloud of entertainment and meaning. These elements of entertain and meaning lie in the condition that sometimes filming can be in comedy can also be in history (Rabiger, 2006). Likely, Film also has functions or benefits like the tools of information and education. By this means information will strengthen the community's knowledge of the environment, nature, and culture regarding an area.
Then, when is in the education such as a good defenders material in drives quality, building character up to developing self.
Films also appear in literature in the fiction class. Granted, a work of literary fiction requires that certain aspects of it be contained to qualify for making it classified as a work of fiction. Therefore, they are a literary work of fiction. . Intrinsic elements are the building blocks of literature that come from within the work itself. The intrinsic element's literature consists of subjects, themes, plots,
stereotypes, backgrounds, viewpoints, language styles, and discourses (Nurgiyantoro, 2009: 23). The work of fiction is an essay or figment of a person's unconscious processes. They are also mobile pictures and sound media used for simulations that communicate thoughts or perceptions, goals, or anxiety.
In the study of film is the path of understanding about movie and in this term focuses to the study about Film Study. Film study exist to help what wondered relate the art into the film. Several of dialogue, camera angel, image and time are edited into an attractive video story called as film. This study will relate with this research due to the objective this research to represent quarter life crisis happen on main character in a film. Thus, it will need several object that include on aspect film to analyze for getting the issue that writer wants to discuss. Like a film in which segments shot at various time are build and edited into a believe narrative story (Solnit 2003 : 176).. There are several aspects to do analyzing of movie that do. In analyzing the existence of issues in movies, every detail such as the dialogues, scenes and expressions are very important (Yunara & Kardiansyah, 2017). Moreover, being another approach, this way of movie making study taken by writer is visual in movie.
2.2.2.1 Aspect in Film Study
In this part to analyze a film, a researcher must first watch the film, noting the dialogue, character, movement, also how the action. Movie or cinema is the cinematography which comes from cinema (motion), tho or phytp (motion), and
grhap (writing and drawing). Then, they edited into a roll of events. And watching the movie is several aspects that should be paid attention to in doing movie analysis. Thus, the aspect of film study can be divided into three aspects. First is literary aspect, dramatic aspect, and cinematic aspect. In the literary aspect itself, that should focus on the literary elements such as plot, character, conflict, settings, point of view, and so forth, in the dramatic aspect we should pay attention to the acting, costume, makeup, and all about appearance. Meanwhile, in the cinematic aspect, we should focus on the lighting, camera angle, music, sound effect, editing, etc.
The film aspect comes from the story, the cast, setting, music, and many other things. Thus, aspect film is divided into two. Are narrative aspect is an aspect of the matter that needs to be worked out is relating to the themes, conflicts, problems, even to the setting of place and time. Meanwhile, the cinematic aspect is what becomes the film creation technique like editing and sound in film. This aspect is more commonly known as the technical aspect of film production. The aspects in the film itself are divided into two that are narrative and cinematic aspects that interact with one another and form into a film (Pratista, 2008).
2.2.2.2 Character and Characterization
Film can be regarded as an entertainment that can be enjoyed by all people, and an effective medium in conveying mass communication messages. It has nice story, great character, beautiful cinematography, and the actor giving their best
performance (Ranee, 2016). The elements of film are conflict, plot and dialogue.
However, it likes script, character, timing, sounds, visual, acting and etc all those elements are making good film. And character is one of biggest contribution part of film except script and conflict. Moreover character should involve characterization to create and describing what the character become. The main challenge for writer is to build characterization in the story with all the oddity and willfulness of character, the story changes. Character makes the story compelling (Seger, 1994).
