GRF = Genealogia regum Francorum (the earliest witness of Karel 'the Bald') MGH = Monumenta Germaniae Historica. If the nickname were created after his death, it would be less likely to refer to physical baldness; there is little reason to believe that a chronicler or writer writing nearly a century after Charles's death would have known that the king was bald. Instead, the epithet might have taken on symbolic meanings that were applied as Charles' legacy developed.
The grandson of Charlemagne
As a result of his brothers' transgressions, Charles's inheritance grew to include a much larger portion of the kingdom. The climax of the conflict was reached in 841 when the Battle of Fontenoy pitted Lothar and Pippin II (who had replaced his father, Pippin I, a few years earlier) against Charles the Bald and Louis the German. This arrangement gave Charles the western part of the empire, Louis the east, and Lothar the middle kingdom.
The origins of Charles’ epithet
Ansegisel fathered Pippin senior [II, van Herstal] by Begga, daughter of Pippin [I, van Landen, the elder], mayor of the palace. The GRF was part of a growing effort to document the lineage of the Carolingian dynasty. One of them, an early ninth-century text called the Commemoration of the Genealogy of Lord Charles.
The significance of hair in the medieval world
Before the rise of the Carolingian kings, Merovingian rule was steeped in tradition – and hair played a central role. Similarly, a Byzantine historian recognized a high Frankish chief who was killed in battle because of the long hair on his body.40. Naturally derived from this symbolism, the deposing of the king during this period was centered around the ritual cutting of the king's hair.
Haircutting and tonsure42 were akin to castration because of the connection between baldness and old age and loss of. Carolingian era, it takes no stretch of the imagination to believe that hair and health remained linked in the ninth century.52 Furthermore, the widespread presence of remedies for baldness in the High Middle Ages suggests that alopecia was a common problem, as it is today. As an indicator of body balance, the age at which a man began to lose hair was used to diagnose brain temperament.59 In the Merovingian period in particular, baldness—whether natural or caused by shaving—was associated with servitude. low class, and moral corruption due to.
The purpose of the piece is to admonish those who mock bald men and tonsured ministers by highlighting the positive aspects of baldness. However, when he comes to the defense of the bald, Hucbald outlines many of the possible virtues of bald and tonsured men. The poem solidifies much of the positive symbol of baldness that seems to have often been overlooked amid mockery and mockery.
Hucbald illustratively suggests that the significance of baldness is in the eye of the beholder.
Carolingian bynames
76 For example, Rollo 'the walker' got his nickname because he was too heavy to ride a horse: Peterson, 'Old Norse', 80. 86 Iris Shagrir, 'The Medieval Evolution of Nicknames: Notions from the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem' , in In Laudem Hierosolymitani (New York: Routledge, 2016), 49. 91 Carole Huough and Daria Izdebska, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Names and Naming (New York: Oxford University Press.
Later Carolingian kings seem to show a downward trend in epithets from "stutterer" to "fat" and "fat". Like the uncertainty surrounding the development of Charles 'the Bald', the exact origins of many other Carolingian names remain elusive. As with Charles 'the bald', an epithet may have had hidden or allegorical meanings that have been lost over time.
Some historians even suggest that Carolus Magnus was originally just Charles the Elder.115 The only surname with a truly indisputable meaning seems to be Louis "the Pious". Charles the Fat was the third (and last) Charles to become emperor of the Carolingian Empire, while Charles the Simple was the third Charles to be crowned king of the West Franks – the region he once controlled. 119 “The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle,” The Online Medieval and Classical Library, http://mclibrary.org/Anglo/part2.html.
One historian has suggested that Charlemagne's grandson Nithard, a writer contemporary with Charlemagne, called Charlemagne 'the great' simply because they were related.123 Of course, a blood connection like Nithard's was generally rare, and some Carolingian epithets developed far removed from royal courts in the ninth and tenth centuries. As an extreme counterpoint, Karl the Bald's brother Ludvig only became the 'German' in the 1800s; his story was recorded and retitled during an era of heightened nationalistic sentiment in Germany. In reality, it is still somewhat difficult to reconcile this imagery of Charles 'the bald' with the dynamic and knowledgeable leader portrayed in the story.
Alleged baldness
The most commonly cited evidence that the king was actually bald is Hucbald's poem 'In Praise of Bald Men' discussed above: it was long thought to be dedicated to Charles.126 Hucbald was in fact a member of Charles's court in the center In the ninth century, many historians assumed that he wrote the poem to praise his bald patron. What was once considered the strongest evidence for Charles's baldness may actually imply the opposite. Similarly, before the Battle of Fontenoy, Lothar and his advisers openly preached that they would soon shave the king.131 If they could boast of cutting Charles's hair, he would presumably have to cut it too.
If Charles' nickname is post-contemporary, it is less likely to refer to physical baldness. There are many possible ways that baldness could tie into Charles's life and legacy. Intriguingly, some historians suggest that Charles' nickname was completely ironic; that the king was, in fact, unusually hairy.137 While not outside the confines of the Carolingian imagination, this theory is weak at best.
Perhaps the most likely conclusion is that calvus referred to Charles's difficulty in producing a suitable male heir. Although baldness cannot mean literal sterility, based on Charles's multiplicity of children, it may refer to a figurative infertility. Perhaps Charles' baldness was meant to highlight his difficulty in producing an heir to continue the Carolingian line.
In this case, Charles' position at the end of the early GRF serves to emphasize his "barrenness".
Kinship and Baldwin the Bald
As described above, Charles the Bald was forced to hand over his kingdom to his eldest son Louis the Stammer because Louis was the only surviving heir. Virtually all of Charles the Bald's sons either died as children or were described as 'weak in body' and plagued by health problems.142 This misunderstanding (or perhaps genetic disorder) made it very difficult to produce a suitable male heir. The Pope eventually prevailed in appeasing Charles' fury, and the two returned to the West Frankish court and were properly married.
The earliest witness to Baldwin 'the Bald' is the Life of Winnoci, composed in the mid-eleventh century - almost a century after Baldwin's death.145 A fourteenth-century Chronicon Sancti Bertini elaborates. Bauduin, qu'on nomma le Chauvre, non qu'il fut chauve en effet, mais en souvenance de son aeiul matenel empereur Charles"- "Baldwin, who is called the bald, not because he was really bald, but in memory of his mother grandfather, Emperor Charles”.146 It is possible that Baldwin deliberately wore 'the bald one' in honor of his grandfather. Overall, the fact that Baldwin became 'the bald' tells us a few important things about the epithet in this period.
Second, if Baldwin adopted the nickname itself, it would indicate that for Baldwin, the nickname was already inseparable from Charles's identity. Similarly, the honorable use of "the bald" might indicate that the appellation, at least to Baldwin and his contemporaries, may not have conveyed the negative. If Charles were derided as "the Mute," Baldwin would become the Mute, only entrenching Baldwin in the negative aspects of his grandfather's legacy.
A later scribe might simply have invented the legacy of calvus to connect Baldwin and the subsequent counts of Flanders with the Carolingians; a scenario that does not suggest that Charles's epithet was contemporary or that it necessarily lacked any negative connotations.
Conclusions
Whether Baldwin applied the epithet himself or a later author applied it to him, the nickname is intended for emphasis. Second, the nickname Carolus Calvus could date from as early as 869 or even from the 10th century. Fourth, Charles' grandson Baldwin II. The Flemish was known as "bald" until the 11th century.
In their analysis of Charles' nickname, many historians conclude that the meaning is obvious and undeniable, that Charles was simply bald. No matter how much time these scholars spend analyzing other Carolingian epithets, Charles was 'obviously' bald. However, from the facts and theories cultivated during this thesis, there is no reason to believe that Charles was truly bald.
Charles may have been called the Bald during his lifetime, suggesting the adoption of the epithet by his grandson, but its earliest recorded use can only be reliably dated to the mid to late tenth century. It is quite possible that the surname Charles and its use by his grandson were invented by post-modern historians who wish to distinguish between. However, the baldness could symbolize many things, but it probably referred to the symbolic infertility associated with Charles' problems.
34 nga; Ti Mediebal nga Ebolusion ti Panagnagan: Dagiti kapanunotan manipud iti Latin a Pagarian ti Jerusalem." Iti In Laudem Hierosolymitani, pp. 107-113.
