But precisely because the Muslim man ran into the mosque with the bloodshed, the people in the mosque concluded that the argument was. And what has the government done to solve this problem and what should they do to prevent the same conflict from happening again in the future.
Methodology
Writing Arrangement
Both Poso and Ambon were initially cities that had lots of Christian people living in these two cities. From this description we will know the background of the conflict in Poso and Ambon.
Poso
Historical and Geographic Condition
The following year, Central Sulawesi decided to become an autonomous or self-governing district. In 1952, A.Y Binol, the chairman of the Central Sulawesi Legislative Autonomy District, issued Law No.
Socio-Cultural Conditions
The migration from other cities to Poso makes the population of Poso diverse in ethnic, religious, cultural and traditions. Furthermore, the migration of people to Poso not only influences the socio-cultural situation of Poso communities, but also increases the economic, social and political competition between the local and the foreigner.
Socio-Economic Conditions
The old townspeople of Posoš are the Pamonians and Moričani, the natives of Posoš. Some of the Javanese migrants who lived in Gebangre can also be identified as middle class in Pos.
Moluccas
Historical and Geographic Condition
This of course made, the Dutch were very well received by the king and also by the people. But then in 1949 the Dutch government was forced by the Allies to recognize Indonesian sovereignty.
Socio-Cultural Conditions
They mostly run their own business and only a few of them work for the civilian government and the military. Although the Chinese and some Arabs still dominate the upper economic class, but the presence of Buton, Bugis and Makasar people becomes a threat to the natives of Ambon. Mostly Christian Ambon people work for the government or become army forces, police and politicians, while the Muslim Ambon people oriented towards trade, albeit on a small scale.38.
Socio-Economic Conditions
For example, in 1991 the distribution of regional gross domestic product (GDP) from eastern Indonesia was only 16.5% while the GDP from western Indonesia is 83.5%. 236 billion, which is only 0.4% of the total investment in Indonesia or 3.1% of the total investment in East Indonesia. This is one reason why the gap between development in the west of Indonesia and the east of Indonesia is very large. 39.
According to John Pieris, the regional government lacks the political will to lead a strategy or concept to expand its resources. They are not taken seriously by the central authorities in Jakarta, especially with the Ministry of Marine and Forestry.40. Another problem is that when the regional government gave local or foreign investors access to manage the marine resources that are very rich in the Moluccas, it did not provide local fishermen with the capacity or means to survive and develop their business and compete with others.
Background of Conflict in Ambon and Poso
Similar to the tragedy in the Moluccas, the conflict in Poso in 1998 was also more or less caused by the socio-economic gap between the societies. Corruption, collusion and nepotism in the Poso government reached their peak when Arief Patanga became Poso's regent. Finally, another driving factor in the Poso conflict is the disappearance of the balancing socio-cultural group in Poso.
In the social-cultural, these local people were also marginalized when Majelis Ulama Indonesia (Indonesian Islamic Theologian Boards) declared some prohibitions that are obeyed and managed by the Muslim people in Poso. As a result, this gap may have caused ethnic religions conflict that occurs in Poso and Moluccas and any other places in Indonesia that face almost the same problem. But before I explain the involvement of some Christian radical movement, I will first explain the inciting factors and cause of the conflict in Poso and Ambon.
Involvement of Christian Radical Movement in Poso
But this time the riots were getting more dangerous as some actors had used mounted firearms. Dislike the riots of December 1999 and April 2000, where people used only conventional tools like small straight knife, dagger, crowbar and cleric as weapons, some people had used mounted firearms in the June 2001 attack and after. After that incident there were several other gun attacks by some mysterious people.
Not only firearm attack, but also firearm clash occurred in conflicts after the year 2001. From this explanation we know that from both sides (Muslim and Christian) there must be assembled firearms or bomb suppliers. Moreover, at this time many people of both Muslim and Christian groups had documents explaining how to assemble firearms.
Inter Religions Conflict in Moluccas
Triggering Factors of Conflict in Moluccas
As quoted in Pieris' book, he explained that it was simply caused by a fight between two young men in a bus station in Batumerah. Yopy rejected Usman's request because he didn't have any money yet and ignored him as he left the bus station. A few hours later, when Yopy stopped by the same bus station for the second time, Usman again asked for some money.
But Yopy again refused as he still did not get enough money as it was Idul Fitri day and only few passengers used his car. Yopy was angry because of that so he decided to go back to his house and took his cleaver and ran after Usman who was still at the bus station with his friends. They destroyed and burned Muslim people's houses in Batu Gantung area and in Pohon Beringin's houses.
Christian Radical Movement in Moluccas
Wattimena created this group to fight a paramilitary group composed of Muslim Ambon and the Laskar Jihad that came from Java and Sulawesi to Ambon in May 2000.83. Wattimena himself was a church leader and openly claimed to have over 60,000 followers of his Laskar Christ. There are 200 child fighters in Agah (a name for child warriors), almost all of them boys.” And their parents allowed them to fight, for they had received it as a call from God.84.
Although Coker and Laskar Christ both claimed to be the groups that saved the Christian people of the Moluccas by fighting against the Muslim group, they eventually competed and became real rivals. Using this problem, some Laskar Jihad eyewitnesses said that Agus Wattimena - who died on March 20. 84 Sukidi Mulyadi, "Violence Under the Flag of Religion: The Case of Laskar Jihad and Laskar Christ", Studia Islamika, Vol.
External Christian Radical Movement
Manado then declared the creation of Brigade Manguni to prevent another conflict from taking place in their place. During the conflict in Poso and the Moluccas, Brigade Manguni was a group that dealt with Christians in both Poso and the Moluccas. According to Renata Ticonuwu, the Secretary General of BM, this group showed their support by gathering information from their network living near Poso and the Moluccas.
88 Email interview with Renata Ticonuwu, S.Th, the Secretary General of Brigade Manguni on April 15, 2010. Although this group did not go to the conflict areas or provide direct support, they did assist evacuees coming from Poso, Ternate , Halmahera and Ambon came to North Sulawesi. Manado became a safe place during that period and the conflict could neither spread to Manado nor take place there, although Manado is close to Poso and the Moluccas.
Terrorism and Other Actors in Conflict Poso and Moluccas
And how could those weapons and ammunition enter Poso, since there are many security posts in Poso? Not only weapons and ammunition, but people of Poso were also given manuals to assemble weapon type SS-1 before the second and third riots in the year 2000 in Poso. According to Hasan Nazer, who lived in Poso and has a business relationship with Pindad, when interviewed by Aditjondro in October 2003, he and his relatives were convinced that they would never have supplied the Pindad weapons or ammunition.
Therefore, we came to one question, what has the government done to resolve the conflict in Poso and the Moluccas. Both conflicts in Pos (December 25, 1998) and Maluku (January 19, 1999) were simply the result of a fight between two young men. Therefore, this chapter will analyze the government's response to the Christian-Muslim conflict in Pos and the Moluccas, and the efforts of the local and national government, as well as the military and security officers, to end the chaos.
Role of Government in Handling Conflict Poso
Then, they talked about deporting all the people coming from Poso and caused riots in Poso.102. Although the local and national government had made many efforts to build peace in Poso and reconciliation has been achieved, but in fact still chaos. Maintaining the state of peace in Poso, refused the civil emergency in Poso as well as the intervention from the outside.
The police and military not only maintained security in Poso but also assisted the reconstruction and rehabilitation process in Poso as their military duties other than war. Polri encountered difficulties when they had to build coordination with TNI as their supporter in maintaining security in Poso. It also reflected the military's reluctance to give the power to conduct internal security to the police, especially in Poso.
Role of Government in Handling Conflict Moluccas
Second, the limitation of transportation and telecommunication tools belonging to the local authorities and the military causes their efforts to resolve the conflict to be very slow. Although both conflicts, in Pos and in the Moluccas, were caused (one of them) by the political interests of elites using parties of different faiths, the absence of religious and public leaders to reassure their people could lead to an escalation of the conflict and it was also difficult to master.112 . Religious and public leaders finally got involved after the chaos grew and the conflict spread beyond Ambon Island.
However, the government's efforts to deploy police and army in conflict areas still failed to stop the conflict. However, there was a difference between the conflict in Poso and the Moluccas in the way the government, both locally and centrally, dealt with the conflict. When the central government finally decided to deploy the police and army in the conflict areas, another problem arose.
