Climate Change, Disaster and
Catastrophic Diseases: Adapting Global Health Security into Changing World
Dr Dicky Budiman BMed MD MScPH PhD
Centre for Environment and Population Health Griffith University, Australia Magister Program – Faculty of Medicine – Padjadjaran University Bandung
MUST READ
• https://garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/documents/detail/3425902
• https://www.academia.edu/72354000/A_SWOT_Analysis_of_Indonesias_COVID_19_Pande mic_Response_Strategy
• https://jglobalbiosecurity.com/articles/10.31646/gbio.204
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Hurricane Maria
Puerto Rico
IV bag shortage
8
Heat Waves
Melbourne
Power shortage
Climate change is the biggest global health security threat of
the 21st century
(The Lancet Commissions, 2009)
Global mean temperature is likely to
rise by 1.4-5.8°C between 1990 and 2100 with associated changes (IPCC, 2007)
Sea level rises of between 0.18 and 0.79
metres (IPCC, 2007)
Floodsare the most frequent natural weather disaster (EM-
DAT, 2006)
Climatic changes are expected to affect global food production
20/12/2023 11
Edward Felsenthal, the Editor-in-Chief and CEO of
TIME:
.
By “2050, the year by which we must have already acted—…to have any chance of
keeping average global warming to 1.5°C above 19th century levels. …”
Scientists agree that the effects of climate change
— extreme weather, rising seas,
wildfires, a deepening refugee crisis—will be even more
disastrous.
The impacts of
climate change on people's health
• Air pollution, especially from burning fossil fuels, is causing more than seven million
premature deaths each year—the equivalent of 13 deaths every minute.
• It also highlights increases in food- borne, water-borne and vector- borne diseases, as well as the destruction caused by rising sea levels, and increasingly frequent floods, storms and heatwaves.
Global warming has serious
impacts
It is expected that future
heatwavesand heavy precipitation events will become more frequent and intense over most areas.
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To achieve sustained recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and avoid an
"impending health catastrophe,"
countries must commit to targeted action on climate change
Pressing and emerging global health threats:
Climate extremes, flood, drought, water and food
security
Climate Change and
Urbanization
• Developing countries are expected to be
disproportionately impacted [by climate change] due to their limited adaptive capacity as well as the rapid rates of urbanization.
• heatwaves and air pollution coupled with increased
urbanization are directly affecting the health of children and adults
How
urbanization is impacting health
• Urbanization is quickly increasing across the globe.
Today, some 55% of the world's population lives in cities and the number is projected to reach 70% by 2050.
• City living has led to more sedentary lifestyles. For most of human existence, physical activity has been incidental to daily living, and exposure to the outdoors and green spaces was higher than they are today.
Urbanization and Climate Catastrophes
• Due to urbanization, people use motorized transportation at the highest rates in human history, significantly reducing one incidental source of physical activity and increasing pollution. While 9 out of 10 people worldwide are breathing polluted air, people in many cities are suffering stratospheric levels of air pollution, leading to sickness and an estimated seven million deaths worldwide every year.
• Industrial practices further damage the environment, reducing the quality of the air we breathe and exposing us to climate catastrophes.
• Changes in global climate increase climate hazards and amplify the risk of extreme weather events. This is characterized by the increasing frequency of supercharged storms, higher wind speeds, more intense and prolonged
droughts and wildfire seasons, heavier precipitation, and flooding.
• The world has seen record-breaking summer heatwaves and flooding in the Northern Hemisphere, and wildfires and unprecedented droughts in the Southern Hemisphere —all of which threaten millions of lives.
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“Over half of the
world’s population are now at risk
from occupational, environmental or public health
threats from
improperly treated medical waste.”
(Harhay et al. 2009)
CF 2: Hospitals’ Roles & Challenges
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La Vita Bella Nursing Home in Texas due to Hurricane Harvey in August, 2017
Keeping the blood flowing during times of disaster.
(The Lancet, 2017)
Definition of GHS
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Global Health Security
Global health security (
GHS
) is defined as theactivities
required tominimize
the danger and impact of acute public health events that endanger the collective health of populationsliving across geographical regions and international boundaries. (WHO, 2019)
Health security—essentially the protection from threats to health
(Heymann et al., 2015)
A worldwide strategic effort to strengthen countries' health
capacity to manage health threats.
Global health security risk classification
From Human Security to global health security
• Human security’ – as old as human existence
• GHS - protection from threats to health
• Globalised Risk → Globalised
Response
Risk to Biological Catastrophe
• Natural and intentional biological risks threaten human civilization, both through direct human fatality as well as follow-on effects from a collapse of the just-in-time delivery system that provides food, energy and critical supplies to communities globally.
• Hotspots for the emergence of new zoonotic
diseases are predominantly located in low-income countries. Crowded, poorly supplied healthcare facilities in low-income countries provide an optimal environment for new pathogens to
transmit to a next host and adapt for more efficient person-to-person transmission.
Moving Forward
Combating the impact of the fast-approaching climate
change catastrophe, by making people healthy as the
center of mission-driven approaches to climate and
carbon neutrality.
Improve the quality of life in cities. Transitioning from
fossil fuels to renewable energy has been demonstrated to have immediate health benefits,
including preventing premature deaths attributed
to air pollution.
10 Megatrends Changing the World by 2050
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POLITIC
1 Globalization & International trade
2 Globalization of finance ECONOMIC
3 Emerging Market Economies 4 Massive Middle Class (84%)
SOCIAL
5 Urbanization 6 Demographics
TECHNOLOGY 8 tech progress &
breakthroughs LEGAL
7 Global security &
law of countries
ENVIRONMENTAL
9 Competition for finite natural resources
10 Climate change: greatest global threat
(Emerging Markets Forum - Oxford University, 2016)
(Vorus, 2003) NOW
FUTURE
Possible Probable