Mujahidah, M.Pd., the Chair of the English Education Program, thank you for your supervisor, advice and guidance. The coherence analysis in the background of Skripsi, written by students of the English education program of IAIN Parepare.
Background
The introduction is the main part of the research, as it becomes the reason why the writer is doing the research. This happens because there is a lack of connection between and among the ideas in the background of the study.
Research Question
Practical benefits, this research is expected to be an encouragement to students about the importance of writing a coherent background. Pedagogical benefit, this research is expected to be information material for students and also lecturers will find it difficult to write a coherent background so lecturers can help and guide students in their writing.
Previous Research Findings
Coherence
Furthermore, insight into the relationship of coherence can be achieved by inferring the relationship between propositions at the core of the discourse. Cohesion can be expressed explicitly, which is expressed in the form of a coherence marker in the form of a marker of the relationship between sentences.
Repeat Key Noun
The main topic of the first section is literary works, specifically what we can get from literary works. The transition from the first paragraph to the second paragraph can be shown smoothly due to the use of the repetition of the nouns.
Consistent Pronoun
After Hitler's attack on Russia, Eden was strongly pro-Soviet at first and later relaxed; Churchill was cautious in the early days and became enthusiastic later. Their first dispute came over the Soviet demand, made even while the Germans were at the gates of Moscow, that the Western powers unconditionally recognize the Soviet borders of 1941.
Transition Signal
Most words and phrases in the first two columns in table 2.1. can appear at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of one independent clause and are usually separated by commas. To list ideas and time series, to emphasize, to give reason and for conclusion) usually appear only at the beginning of a sentence, not in the middle or at the end.
Logical Order
Based on the theories discussed in this section, three essential points can be taken into consideration to recognize a particular idea relationship in a written work. First, a particular relationship of ideas in a written work can be easily recognized by observing the written coherent elements.
Background of Skripsi
Third, the ideas written in all elements of the written work must be related to the topic of the written work. Only then is the argument for the choice of topic explained substantively within the entire system of content surrounding the topic.
Conceptual Framework
The repetition of main words or nouns in the topic sentence of a paragraph is known as repeating keywords. This happens because there is a missing link between and among the ideas in the background of the research.
Research Design
The researcher conducted and conducted this research at the National Islamic Institute of Parepare focusing on the Department of English Education and the research lasted for 1 month.
Focus of the Research
Data Source
The data is taken from chapter I of the thesis, especially in the background of the thesis. Many sentences show the coherence of the essay background of the English Department of Education students and the language creates a different representation by the reader.
Collecting Data and Data Processing Techniques
A test of data validity in a study is a test of findings or data that can be declared valid if there is no difference between what the researcher reports and what actually happens to the object being studied.42. Test the obtained data and at the same time prove that the conducted research is really scientific research, so that the researcher checks the validity of the data. 43. This persistence in analyzing is aimed at finding features and elements with situations that are relevant to the research problem, in other words, researchers examine and relearn data related to the research focus so that the data can be understood and questioned.
This technique is implemented by exposing interim results and active results obtained in the form of peer discussions, of course colleagues who have knowledge and experience in the field under study, so that the researchers can improve.
Data Analysis Procedure
Findings
- Coherent
The results of this research are a description of the percentage of coherence in the background of the script that indicates the level of coherence in the background of the script. While the object of this research is the coherent articles contained in the background of the script of chapter I. The transition signal is the most common types of coherence with 564 occurrences or 42% of the 4 types of coherence.
The background was decided to be LESS COHERENT, with an overall percentage of 91%. are repeated keywords with 276 occurrences or 20% of the 4 types of coherence, and the last is the least used type of coherence, namely a logical order whose number of occurrences is only 19 times or 2% of the 4 types of coherence.
In other words, they are comfortable in learning English because the teaching of English is designed according to their studies, and in addition, the teaching of English in the secondary vocational school must refer to the purpose of English, where the needs of students focus on communication in their field study as universal. The above paragraph is a coherent paragraph because the entire content of the paragraph is about teaching English, and in addition, the pronouns used are also consistent and the use of appropriate transitional signs to connect words and sentences.
From the analysis, the researcher concludes that the above paragraph is a coherent paragraph where the paragraph discusses “problems that occur in teaching speaking” and the author arranges the discussed problems in a logical order.
Less coherent
A paragraph is declared less coherent if there is an error in the use of one or more of the 4 marks of coherence, they are; repetition of main nouns, stable pronouns, transition signals and logical sequences. If the error in the use of coherence marks is less than 95%-60%, the paragraph is declared less coherent. Reading is one of the language skills that students must master.
From the analysis, the researcher concludes that the above paragraph is less coherent because there is an error in the repetition of the main nouns, moreover, it is better to explain the topic "English" at the beginning of the paragraph and then it can are continued with the sentence "English is made up of different skills", except that the topic of discussion changes each sentence without any logical sequence.
The above paragraph is decided to be less coherent because there is an error in the use of the consistent pronoun, where the word "her" should be changed to "she", in addition to the above paragraph there is an error in the use of logical order. where in the above paragraph the author does not add the word "second" to the second reason and directly using the word "last" in the third reason, it makes the sentence irregular and unstable.
The above paragraph is declared less coherent because the addition of the word "the", which is irrelevant, breaks the connection between the previous sentence, which will be explained by the word "the".
Incoherent
Based on the results of the above data analysis, the researcher calculated the data to provide a rating of each background and found that the background order of coherence level from the highest to the lowest level was based on a percentage. The first and the background with the highest level of coherence are B2 and B9, where both have the same percentage calculation, namely 98% and decided to be coherent, the second is B6 background with the total percentage 97% and decided to be coherent, the the third is B7 background with an overall percentage of 96% and decided to be coherent, the fourth is B5 and B10 where both have the same overall percentage 94% and decided to be less coherent, the fifth is B1 background with an overall percentage of 91 % and decided to be less coherent, the sixth is B4 background with a total percentage of 88% and decided to be less coherent, and the last is the background with the lowest level of coherence of 85% and decided to be less coherent, out of 10 backgrounds There is no background that is decided to be incoherent. Among the 10 backgrounds analyzed with a total of 78 paragraphs, where the type of data is text on the skripsibackground, written by students of the English education program at the IAIN parapare with the bachelor in 2020 year as the latest data, there are 4 backgrounds that are determined to be coherent and it is decided that 6 backgrounds are less coherent.
Therefore, the researcher concludes from the findings that the background of the skripsi written by the educational program in English to the graduates of IAIN Parepare in 2020 was determined to be less coherent with the total percentage of 94%, so from these findings we can measure that background .
Discussion
The following are the details of the use of repeating key names in 10 backgrounds of skripsi that have been analyzed. From the discussion and examples above, it can be concluded that the use of repetition of key names is very useful for achieving coherence in writing a paragraph. The above section is less coherent, where there is inconsistent use of pronouns in that section.
The following table shows the use of logical order in the background of students' skripsi.
Conclusion
Suggestion
Ahmed, Abdel Hamid, “Students' Problems with Cohesion and Coherence in EFL Essay Writing in Egypt: Different Perspectives”. Castro, Cohesion and the Social Construction of Meaning in the Essays of Filipino College Students' Writing in L2 English, Asia Pacific Education Vol 5, no. Munawarah, An Analysis on Unity and Coherence in Paragraph Writing at EFL Students of IAIN Palangkaraya, (Published Skripsi: IAIN Palangkaraya, 2019).
Suwandi, Coherence and Cohesion: An Analysis of the Final Project Summaries of the Undergraduate Students of PGRI Semarang.
APPENDICES
Also, students do not recognize the main idea and important information of the text. This allows the teacher to understand students' prior knowledge and students' interest in the topic. This activity is suitable for students in SMP 9 Lembang, especially in the second grade.
So, this method will be applied to students who do not have the base of the language. So that the problems faced by the students and the teacher can be solved and strengthen the speaking skills of the students. Students also lack motivation in learning English and the method used by the teacher is still conventional.
CURRICULUM VITAE
