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Contents

Foreword 11

1 An Introduction to Object Orientated Programming 12

1.1 A Brief History of Computing 12

1.2 Different Programming Paradigms 13

1.3 Why use the Object Orientation Paradigm? 15

1.4 Object Oriented Principles 16

1.5 What Exactly is Object Oriented Programming? 20

1.6 The Benefits of the Object Oriented Programming Approach 23

1.7 Summary 23

2 The Unified Modelling Language (UML) 24

2.1 An Introduction to UML 24

2.2 UML Class diagrams 25

2.3 UML Syntax 29

2.4 UML Package Diagrams 41

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2.5 UML Object Diagrams 47

2.6 UML Sequence Diagrams 48

2.7 Summary 50

3 Inheritance and Method Overriding 51

3.1 Object Families 52

3.2 Generalisation and Specialisation 52

3.3 Inheritance 54

3.4 Implementing Inheritance in Java 61

3.5 Constructors 61

3.6 Constructor Rules 62

3.7 Access Control 64

3.8 Abstract Classes 65

3.9 Overriding Methods 66

3.10 The ‘Object’ Class 68

3.11 Overriding toString() defined in ‘Object’ 70

3.12 Summary 71

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4 Object Roles and the Importance of Polymorphism 72

4.1 Class Types 72

4.2 Substitutability 75

4.3 Polymorphism 76

4.4 Extensibility 77

4.5 Interfaces 84

4.6 Extensibility Again 90

4.7 Distinguishing Subclasses 93

4.8 Summary 94

5 Overloading 95

5.1 Overloading 96

5.2 Overloading To Aid Flexibility 96

5.3 Summary 99

6 Object Oriented Software Analysis and Design 100

6.1 Requirements Analysis 101

6.2 The Problem 102

6.3 Listing Nouns and Verbs 104

6.4 Identifying Things Outside The Scope of The System 105

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6.5 Identifying Synonyms 106

6.6 Identifying Potential Classes 107

6.7 Identifying Potential Attributes 108

6.8 Identifying Potential Methods 108

6.9 Identifying Common Characteristics 109

6.10 Refining Our Design using CRC Cards 110

6.11 Elaborating Classes 112

6.12 Summary 113

7 The Collections Framework 114

7.1 An Introduction to Collections 115

7.2 Collection Interfaces 115

7.3 Old and New Collections 116

7.4 Lists 116

7.5 Sets 117

7.6 Maps 118

7.7 Collection Implementations 119

7.8 Overview of the Collections Framework 121

7.9 An Example Using Un-typed Collections 123

© Deloitte & Touche LLP and affiliated entities.

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© Deloitte & Touche LLP and affiliated entities.

360° thinking .

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© Deloitte & Touche LLP and affiliated entities.

360° thinking .

Discover the truth at www.deloitte.ca/careers

© Deloitte & Touche LLP and affiliated entities.

360° thinking .

Discover the truth at www.deloitte.ca/careers

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7.10 An Example Using Typed Collections 125

7.11 A Note About Sets 127

7.12 Summary 132

8 Java Development Tools 133

8.1 Software Implementation 134

8.2 The JRE 137

8.3 Java Programs 138

8.4 The JDK 139

8.5 Eclipse 140

8.6 Eclipse Architecture 140

8.7 Eclipse Features 142

8.8 NetBeans 142

8.9 Developing Graphical Interfaces Using NetBeans 144

8.10 Applying Layout Managers Using NetBeans 145

8.11 Adding Action Listeners 148

8.12 The Javadoc Tool 149

8.13 Summary 153

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I joined MITAS because

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�e Graduate Programme for Engineers and Geoscientists

Month 16 I was a construction supervisor in the North Sea

advising and helping foremen solve problems I was a

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Real work International opportunities

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Internationa or

�ree wo

I wanted real responsibili�

I joined MITAS because

Maersk.com/Mitas

�e Graduate Programme for Engineers and Geoscientists

Month 16 I was a construction supervisor in the North Sea

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9 Creating And Using Exceptions 154

9.1 Understanding the Importance of Exceptions 154

9.2 Kinds of Exception 157

9.3 Extending the Exception Class 158

9.4 Throwing Exceptions 160

9.5 Catching Exceptions 161

9.6 Summary 161

10 Agile Programming 162

10.1 Agile Approaches 163

10.2 Refactoring 163

10.3 Examples of Refactoring 164

10.4 Support for Refactoring 164

10.5 Unit Testing 166

10.6 Automated Unit Testing 167

10.7 Regression Testing 167

10.8 JUnit 168

10.9 Examples of Assertions 168

10.10 Several Test Examples 168

10.11 Running Tests 172

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10.12 Test Driven Development (TDD) 173

10.13 TDD Cycles 174

10.14 Claims for TDD 174

10.15 Summary 174

11 Case Study 175

11.1 The Problem 176

11.2 Preliminary Analysis 177

11.3 Further Analysis 183

11.4 Documenting the design using UML 188

11.5 Prototyping the Interface 193

11.6 Revising the Design to Accommodate Changing Requirements 193

11.7 Packaging the Classes 197

11.8 Programming the Message Classes 199

11.9 Programming the Client Classes 205

11.10 Creating and Handling UnknownClientException 206

11.11 Programming the Main classes 208

11.12 Programming the Interface 209

11.13 Using Test Driven Development and Extending the System 210

11.14 Generating Javadoc 212

11.15 Running the System and Potential Compiler Warnings 213

11.16 The Finished System… 214

11.17 Summary 216

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