Contributions to North American ichthyology. Based primarily on the collections of the United States National Museum, vol. III, pt. A: On the distribution of the fishes of the Alleghany region of South Carolina, Georgia, and Tennessee, with descriptions of new or little known species

ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE FISHES OF THE ALLEGHANY REGION OF SOUTH CAROLINA, GEORGIA, AND TENNESSEE, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN SPECIES. The collections in every case were made by one orboth of the present writers, unlessotherwise stRtcd.

BOLEOSOMA. MACULATICEPS GopC

14 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III

FISHES OF THE SANTEE BASIN. 15 Genus ETHEOSTOMA Rafinesque

Etheostoma flabellare liaf

GENTRARCHID^

Lepiopomus auritus [Linnccus) Raf

EuPOMOTis AUREUS ( ^Yalhaum) Gill & Jordan

16 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

ESOCID^

Esox RETicuLATUS Lc Sueur

SALMONID^

SALVELINUS FONTTNALis {Mitchill) Gill & Jordan

CYPRINID^

CAMPOSTOMA ANOMALUM {Raf,) Ag

Hybognathus aegyritis Girard

ALBURNOPS SALUDANUS, Sp. IIOV

We have been disposed to unite, under the generic name Litxilus, a large number of species forming a series the extremesof which bear. These species agree (a) in the absence of any special modification, either of mouth, fins, or alimentary canal; {h) in the dentition, the teeth being in one or two rows, always fourin the principal row of the raptorial type, and some or all of them provided with a grinding surface; often, and in somespecies always,one edge ofthe masticatory.

18 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

FISHES OF THE SANTEE BASIN. 19

20 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

PnoTOGENis ANALOSTANUS (Oirard) Jordan

All of the speciesthus far known belong to the Southern States, and each of the Southern river-basins probably has from two tofour speciesof thegenus; not a single si)ecies, so far as known, being common to two different river- basins. The species of Codomaareremarkable for their exquisite coloration, mostof them being adorned with bright red in addition to the milky pigment.

Codoma chloeistia, sp. nov

21Cope'soriginallocality,basconvincedus that thespilopterus,the typeof Cope'soriginallocality,basconvincedus that thespilopterus,the typeof the genusPhotogenis, does not belongto the groupofcoloredspecies for whichProfessorJordan latelyadopted thelattername.

22 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

CODOMA PYRRHOMELAS {Cope) Jor

The head is pale reddish; the snout, thetipof lower jaw, and .. the iris above and below are scarlet; the dorsalfin is duskyat base, has alargeblack spot on the last rays,isred in front,andbroadlymilk- whiteat tip. The sides of the caudal i)eduncle are provided with rather larger tubercles, arranged in rowsalong the series of scales.

24 COKTRIBUTIOXS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY HI

NOTEMIGONUS AMERICANUS {Linn.) Jordan

CERATICHTHYS ZANEMUS, sp. nov

FISHES OF THE SANTEE BASIN. 25

Ceratichthys labrosus Cope

Ceratichthys hypsinotus Cope

Ceraticiithys biguttatus [Kirt.) Baird

Semotilus corpgralis [Mit.) Putn

CATOSTOMIDJ]

Myxostoma papillosum {Cope) Jor

Myxostoma coregonus {Cope) J. tfc B

FISHES OF THE SANTEE BASIN. 27

MlNYTREMA MELANOPS {Ecif.) JoY

Catostomus commersoni {Lac.) Jor

28 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

SILURID^

Amiurus brunneus Jordan

Amiurus platycephalus (Girard) Gill

FISHES OF THE SAVANNAH BASIN. 29

Anguilla vulgaris Fleming

LEPIDOSTEID^

LEPIDOSTEUS OSSEUS {L.) Ag

WATER-BASIN OF THE SAVANNAH RIVER

30 CONTEIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

IIADROPTERUS NIGROFASCIATUS Ag

MiCROPTERUS SALMOIDES {LaC.) Gill

FISHES OF THE SAVANNAH BASIN. 31

Xenotis sanguinolentus {Agassiz) Jordan

CYPRINODONTID^

ZYGONECTES NOTTii Agassiz

SALVELINUS FONTINALIS {Mitch.) Gill (& JoT

CYPEINID^

LuxiLue COCCOGENis {Cope) Jordan

32 CONTKIBUTIONS TO NOETH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

Hydrophlox rubricroceus ( Co])e) J. tD B

Ceratichthys rubrifrons Jordan

Ceratichthys biguttatus iKirtland) Girarcl

CATOSTOMIDJ^

CATOSTOMUS NIGRTCANS Le S

Amiurus platycephalus (Girarcl) Gill

ICHTH^LURUS PUNGTATUS (Rof.) Jor

ANGUILLIDJ]

34 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY ITT

WATER-BASIN OF THE ALTAMAHA RIVER

HADROPTERUS NIGROFASCIATUS Agass'lZ.
BOLEOSOMA MACULATIOEPS Co])e
NOTHONOTUS INSCRIPTUS, Sp. 710V

FISHES OF THE ALTAMAHA BASIN. 35 which is somewhat larger than the anal ; the two dorsal fins connected

CENTEAECHIDJE

MiCROPTEEUS SALMOIDES (LaG.) GUI

36 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NOETH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

Lepiopomus auritus (i.) Raf

CENTRARCHUS MACROPTERUS {Lacepede) Jordan
Esox RETicuLATXTS Le Sueur
HYDROPHLOX LUTIPINNIS, sp. nOV

FISHES OF THE ALTAMAHA BASIN. 37

CoDOMA x^NURA Jordan

CoDOMA CALLISEMA Jordan

38 CONTEIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

NOTEMIGONUS AMERICANUS {L.) Jor

CERATICHTHYS RUBRiFRONS Jordan

CERATICHTHYS BIGUTTATUS {Klft.) Girard

Se^jotilus cokporalis {Mit) Putnam

Myxostoma CERViNUM {Cope) Jordan

Myxostoma papillosum {Cope) Jordan

Erimyzon sucetta {Lac) Jordan

FISHES OF THE CHATTAHOOCHEE BASIN. 39

JV. — WATER BASIN OF THE CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER

Hiigb M. ll^eisleratsome point in Georgia, the record of the localitynot certainlypreserved,butsupposid to beFlint River,andare .. now in the Musenm of tbe Smithsonian Institution.

ETHEOSTOMATID^

Hadropterus nigrofasciatus Agassiz

CENTKARCHIDJE

Micropterus salmoides {Lac.) Gill

AMBLOPLITES RUPESTRIS {Raf.) GUI

Lepiopomus auritus (L.) Raf

FISHES OF THE CHATTAHOOCHEE BASIN. 41

Aphododbkus say anus [Gill) DcK

OYPRINID^

PHOTOGENIS LEUCOPUS, Sp. nOV

42 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III

CODOMA EURYSTOMA Jordan

FISHES OF THE CHATTAHOOCHEE BASIN. 43

Campostoma anomalum {Rc(f.) A(j

Semotilus thoreauianus Jordan

CERATICHTHYS BiGUTTATUS {Kirlland) Girard

Myxostcma cervinum Co^e

Erimyzon sucetta [Lac.) Jor

BILURIDJ]]

ICHTHiELURUS PUNCTATUS [Ecif.) Jor

44 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NOKTU AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

LEPIDOSTEUS OSSEUS (L.) Ag

ANGUILLIDJ]]

AnGtUILLA vulgaris Fleming

WATER BASIN OF THE ALABAMA RIVER

Percina caprodes {Eaf.) Grd
Ulocentra stigm^a Jordan
BoLEiCHTHYS ELEOANS Girard

Certain common NorthernorWestern types,apparently absentin the streams hitherto noticed, make their appearancein the watersof the Alabama.

PERCID^

STIZOSTETHIUM SALMONEUM Rafitiesque

4^ CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

CENTEAROHIDJ]

MiOROPTERUS SALMOIDES {LaC.) GUI

AMBLOPLITES RUPESTRIS [Uaf.) GUI

LEPIOPOMUS OBSCURUS {Agassiz) Jor

Xenotis sanguinolentus (Agassiz) Jor

FISHES OF THE ALABAMA BASIN. 47 Genus CENTRARCHUS Cuvier £ Valenciennes

PoMOXYS NiGROMACULATUS {Le S.) Givard

POMOXYS ANNULARIS Raf

HAPLOIDONOTUS GRUNNIENS Rafinesqiw

COTTID^

POTAMOCOTTUS MERiDioNALis [Girard) Gill

48 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

CYPRINODONTIDJE

Xenisma stelliferum Jordan

Zygonectes nottii Agassiz

Zygonectes guttatus Agassiz

Zygonectes hieroglyphicus Agassiz

ESOCIDJ]

Esox RETicuLATUS Le Sueur

Hyodon selenops Jordan & Bean

FISHES OF THE ALABAMA BASIN. 49

DOROSOMATIDJE

DOROSOMA CEPEDIANUM {Lac.) GUI

CAMPOSTOMA ANOMALUM {Rof.) Ag

LUXTLUS CORNUTUS {Mit.) Jor

Hydrophlox chrosomus Jordan

Hydrophlox x^nocephalus Jordan

50 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

CoDOMA STIGMATURA Jordan

CoDOMA CALLiSTiA Jordan

FISHES OF THE ALABAMA BASIN. 51

Erogala c^rulba Jordan

Codoma Formosa {Putnam) Jordan

52 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

FISHES OF THE ALABAMA BASIN. 53

NoTROPis LiRus Jordan

NoTROPis STiLBius Jordan

NOTEMIGONUS CHRYSOLEUCUS (Mit.) Jor

PHENACOBIUS CATosTOMUS Jordan

CERATICHTHYS WINCHELLI {Oirard) Jordan

SEMOTILUS coRPORALis [Mlt.) Futnam

Ehinichthys obtusus Agassiz

Myxostoma macrolepidotum duquesnii [Le S.) Jordan

MYXOSTOMA EURYOPS Jordan

CATOSTOMUS NIGRICANS ETOWANUS Jordan

Minytrema melanops Jordan

FISHES OF THE ALABAMA BASIN. 55

CARPIODES CYPRINUS (Xe 8.) A(J

BUBALICHTHYS (TAURUS) Agassiz

SILUEIDJE

Amiurus nataxis antoniensis {(jrd.) Jor

NoTURUS leptacanthus Jordan

ANGUILLID^

ANGUILLA VULGARIS Fleming

LEPIDOSTEUS OSSEUS (L.) Ag

WATER-BASIN OF THE TENNESSEE RIVER

FISHES OF THE TENNESSEE BASIN. 57

POTAMOCOTTUS MERiDiONALis (Girard) Gill

Percina caprodes {Kaf.) Grd

ALVORDIUS MACULATUS Girard

Hadropterus aurantiaous {Cope) Jordan

BiPLESiUM blennioides {Uaf.) Jor

Diplesium siMOTERUM (Cope) Copeland

BoLEOSOMA MACULATUM Aga^siz

NoTUONOTUS zoNALis (Cope) Jordan

NOTHONOTUS RUFILINEATUS {Cope) Jor

FISHES OF THE TENNESSEE BASIN. 59 Genus PCECILICHTHYS Agassis

ETHEOSTOMA FLABELLAEE Rafincsque. ,

60 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH A:HKK1CAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

STIZOSTETHIUM SALMONEUM Buf

CENTEAUCHID^

MiOROPTERUS PALLIDUS {Ecif.) GUI & Jordan
MiOROPTERUS SALMOIDES (L«C.) Gill
AMBLOPLITES RUPESTRIS [Raf.) GUI
Ch^nobryttus gulosus (C & V.) GUI
LEPIOPOMUS PALLIDUS {Mitch.) Gill & Jor
LEPIOPOMUS OBSCURUS {Agassiz) Jordan
Xenotis sanguinolentus (Agassiz) Jordan
Xenotis inscriptus [Agassiz) Jor
Xystroplites notatus (Agassiz)
HAPLOIDONOTUS GRUNNIENS Baf

Originallydescribed from Huntsville, and later found by Professor Cope in the upper waters of the Tennessee.

ATHERINID^

LABIDESTHES SICCULUS Gope

ZYGONECTES NOTATUS {Eof.) Jor

HYODONTID^

CLUPEID^

POMOLOBUS OHRYSOCHLORIS Rttf

FISHES OF THE TENNESSEE BASIN. 63

DOROSOMATIDJ]

DOROSOMA CEPEDIANUM HETERURUM {Rnf.) Jor

SALMONIDJS

Salyelinus fontinalis {Mitchill) Gill & Jor

CAMPOSTOMA anomalum {Baf.) Ag

HYBORHYNCHUS NOTATUS (Bof.) Agassiz

LuxiLUS coccoGENis {Cope) Jor

PHOTOGENIS GALACTURUS {Copc) JoY

HYDROPHLOX RUBRICROCEUS [Cope) Jor

ALBURNOPS MICROSTOMUS [Baf.) Jor

ALBURNOPS SPECTRUNCULUS {Cope) Jor

Episema leucioda (Jope

FISHES OF THE TENNESSEE BASIN. 65

NoTEOPis MiCROPTERYX {Cope) Jor

NoTROPis PHOToaENis {Cope) Jor

KoTROPis TELESCOPUS {Cope) Jor

KoTROPis LiRUS Jordan

Hemitremia vittata Cope

Chrosomus erytheogaster Eaf

PnoxiKUS FLAMMEUS Jordan & Gilbert

GG CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

Gila estor Jordan & Brayton

FISHES OF THE TENNESSEE BASIN. 67

NOTEMIGONUS CHRYSLOLEUOUS {Mit.) JoY

PHENACOBIUS XJRANOPS Copc

Rhtnichthys obtusus Agassiz

CERATICHTHYS MONACHUS Cope

G8 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

CERATiCHTnYS wiNCHELLi {Givard) Jordan,

Ceratichthys biguttatus {Kirtland) Girar-d.

CATOSTOMID^

Quassilabia lacera Jordan & Brayton

Myxostoma velatum (Cope) J or

Myxostoma macrolepidotum duquesnii (Le S.) Jor

FISHES OF THE TENNESSEE BASIN. 69 Genus PLACOPHARYNX Cope

PLACOPHARYNX CARINATUS Cope
Erimyzon sucetta {Lac.) Jor
Catostomus nigricans Le S
Catostomus commersoni {Lac.) Jor
Carpiodes bison Agassiz
BuBALiCHTHYS URUS Agassis
ICHTH^LURUS PUNCTATUS {Raf.) JoY
Amiurus natalis {Le iS.) Gill
PELODICHTHYS OLIVARIS {Eaf.) Gill & Jor
NoTURUS ELEUTHERUS Jordan
Anguilla vulgaris Fleming

Thisspecies probably occurs in the channels of all thestreams men- tioned in thispaper; but, from its habits, it is noteasily taken with a small net.

AMIID^

Amia calva L

FISHES OF THE CUMBERLAND BASIN. 71

LEPIDOSTEUS ossEUS (L.) Ag

LEPIDOSTEUS PLATYSTOMUS Baf

ACIPENSERID^

AciPENSER RUBICUNDUS Le Sueur

POLYODONTID^

WATER-BASIN OF CUMBERLAND RIVER

34;SUCKER TRIBE."

34;BUFFALO TRIBE."

34; CAT TRIBE."

34;MINNOW TRIBE."

MISCELLANEOUS

POTAMOCOTTUS MERIDIONALTS {Gvd.) GUI
Percina caprodes {Baf.) Grd
Alvordius maculatus [Girard] Cope & Jordan
Alvordius phoxocephalus {Nelson) Cope & Jordan
DiPLESiUM blennioides {Uaf.) J or
DiPLESiUM siMOTERUM {Cope) Copeland

Ulocentra atrtpinnis Jordan

From tlie Cumberland River at Nashville, Specimens of this inter- esting species are in the National Museum from Marais du Cygne, Kansas.

74 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY— III

NOTHONOTUS CAMURUS [Cope) Jor

FISHES OF THE CUMBERLAND BASIN. 75

NOTHONOTUS SANGUIFLUUS ( Cope) JoY

BOLEOSOMA MACULATUM Ag

PCECILICHTHYS VARIATUS {Kirt.) Aq

ETHEOSTOMA FLABELLAEE Raf

STIZOSTETHIUM SALMONEUM Raf

CENTRARCHID^

MiCROPTERUS SALMOIDES {Lac.) GUI

APOMOTIS CYANELLUS {Raf.) Jor

LEPIOPOMUS OBSCURUS (Agosfiis) Jor

Xenotis megalotis {Raf.) Jor

POMOXYS NIGROMACUEATUS {Le S.) Grd

POMOXYS ANNULARIS Raf

HAPLOIDONOTUS GRUKNIENS Raf

LABIDESTHES SICCULUS Cope

FISHES OF THE CUMBERLAND BASIN. 77

Zygonectes notatus {Raf.) Jor

HYODONTIDJ]

Hyodon tergisus Le Sueur

CLUPEID^,

PoMOLOBUS CHRYSOCHLORis Rafinesqiie

DOEOSOMATID^

CAMPOSTOMA ANOMALUil {Rof.) Ag

78 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III,

PiMEPHALES PROMELAS Rafiuesque

Hyboehynchus notatus [Raf.) Ag

LuxiTATS CORNTJTUS (Mit) Jordan

Photogenis galacturus [Cope) Jor

Albuunops microstomus {Raf.) Jor

Lythrurus ardens {Cope) Jor

NoTEOPis atherinoides {Raf.) Jor

IRISHES OF THE CUMBERLAND BASIN. 79

NOTROPIS MlCllOPTERYX [Copc) JoY

NoTROPis TELESOOPUS {Cope) Jor

HEMITREMIA VITTATA Coj)e

ChROSOMUS ERYTHROaASTER Ag

NOTEMIGONUS CHRYSOLEUCUS {Mit) Jor,

CERATICHTHYS BIOUTTATUS [Kirt.) Grd

80 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICIITHVOLOGY III

Semotilus coeporalis (.1///.) Pat

MyXOSTOMA MACROLEPIDOTUM DUQUESNH {Le S.) Jor

Erimyzon sucetta [Lac.) Jor

MiNYTREMA MELANOPS {Raf.) Jor

Catostomus nigricans Le S

Catostomus commersoni (Lac.) Jor

Cycleptijs elongatus {Le 8.) Ag

Carpiodes cutisanserinus Cope

FISHES OF THE CUMBERLAND BASIN. 81

SILUIIID^

ICHTH^LURUS PUNCTATUS (Rof.) Jor

Amiurus natalis {Le 8.) Gill

Amiurus nigricans {Le S.) Gill

PELODICHTHYS OLIVARIS {Rctf.) Gill & Jor

ANGUILLA VULGARIS Fleming

LEPIDOSTEUS OSSEUS {L.) Ag

POLYODONTIDJ]

POLYODON FOLIUM '^ LaC.''^

S2 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

RECAPITULATION

DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES. 83

DISTRIBUTION OF BPECIES. 85

8G CONTRIBUTIONS TC NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

DISTRIBUTION OF GENERA

90 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

It may be premised that some of these propositions are only half truths, to be more com- pletely stated when our knowledge of the subject shall be increased. In the case of rivers flowing into the ocean, the character of the faunse of the upper waters, compared one with another, bears uo, or very little,relation with the places ofdischarge. -biisius having asimilar discharge intosome larger riveror lake h.ive a similarity of fauna, due to this fact, and, in general, other things being equal, the nearer togt^her the places of discharge,ifin fresh water, the greater the similarity.

Piirallel rivers tributary to the same stream have, other things being equal, more in common than streamscoming from opposite dii^ec- tions.

When the watershed between two streams is a swampy upland instead of a mountain-range, the same si)ecies may be found in the head-

This diflerence between the upper fauna and the lower is due to differences in the character of the river itself, such as climate, condition

CONCLUSIONS. \)3

1)4 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

Other species under similar circumstances have no such repre- sentatives. The case of Litxilus cornutus will again illustrate

Sources of streams on opposite sides of a high watershed often have species in common which do not occur in the lower courses of the

CONCLUSIONS. 95

Eveiii ognathoiis&shes, haviug the pharyngeal teeth pecti- uiform, in a single row, closely approxi mated, very numerous, and compressedat rightanglestothe diiectiouofthebone,andtheintermax- illariesforming but a small part, of the upper arch of the mouth, the maxillaries enteringinto it largely on each side.*.

98 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

CATOSTOMID^ 99 ated by the union of the parietal bones : mouth inferior, with thick

ANALYSIS OF GENERA. 103

GENUS QUASSILABIA. 105

Head short, conical, with lengthened snout, the region between the eyes flattened andwithprominentmucousridges: cheeksand lowerpart of head ratherswollen .. operclemuchreduced,itsgreatestlengthscarcelygreaterthan the diameter ofthe eye:headabout4Jinlength: eye 4Jinlength of head,about2iulengthofthe snout, . itssituationthus quite posterior; length of the top of the head Ifiuthe distance from the snout to the base of the dorsal. In the Cliickamauga, it isknown us the Hare-lip or Splitmouth Sucker None of tbe specimens takt'U were mature, the largest being but ten inches long, so thatits maximum sizecannotbe given. Thatso strongly markeda species hasso longescaped the attention of ichthyologists in the State of Ohio is singular.

GENUS PLACOPHARYNX. 107

08 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

PLACOPHARYNX CARINATUS Cope

PLACOPHARYNX CARINATUS. 109

110 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

Fins well developed, the dorsal inserted about midway of the body, its first mys usually rather nearer snout than the caudal, the number of developed rays usually about 13, but varying in different species from 11 to 17 : anal fin short and high, usually emargiuate in the malefish, probably always with seven developed rays: ventrals in-. serted nearly under the middleofthe dorsal; their number ofrays nor- mally 9, occasionally varyingto 10; theoccurrence of ten ventralrays. is probably an accidental individual character, and not a permanent. specific one: caudal fin deeply forked, the lobesaboutequal,except in. Airbladdericiththreechambers: skeleton essentiallyasin Catoslomus, thevertebrflB in M. Sexual peculiarities little marked, the malesin the spawning season with thelower fins reddened, and the anal rays swollen and somewhat . tuberculate. This genusis widely diffused, someof its speciesoccurring in all the waters of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains, excepting thoseof the New England States.

The characters here noticed are either common to several genera, or else merely specific, and the use of the generic name must de- pend on our identification of the original typical species.

112 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

GENUS MYXOSTOMA. 113 and lips, although the species of Minytrema was inadvertently included

ANALYSIS OF SPECIES OF MYXOSTOMA. 11.5 ANALYSIS OF SPECIES OF MYXOSTOMA

1 1 D CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

ANALYSIS OF SPECIES OF MYXOSTOMA. 117

118 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOG'S III

MYXOSTOMA CARPIO {Valenciennes) Jordan

MYXOSTOMA EURYOPS. 119

MYXOSTOMA EURYOPS Jordati

MYXOSTOMA MACROLEPIDOTUM {Le Sueur) Jordan

MYXOSTOMA MACROLEPIDOTUM. 121

122 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III, fish in tbe winter and spring in the markets of Washington and Philadel-

MYXOSTOMA MACROLEPIDOTUM. 123

124 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III

MYXOSTOMA AUREOLUM (Le Sueur) Jordan

MYXOSTOMA AUREOLUM. 125

26 CONTKIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY— III

MYXOSTOMA GRASSILABEE {Cope) Jordan

MYXOSTOMA CONUS (Cope) Jordan

MYXOSTOMA ANISUEA. 127

128 CONTEIP.IITIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

MYXOSTOMA PCECILURA Jordan

MYXOSTOMA CERVINUM. 129

MYXOSTOMA THALASSINTTM

1 32 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III

MYXOSTOMA PIDIENSE. 133

MYXOSTOMA PIDIENSE (Cope) Jordan

MYXOSTOMA COEEGONUS (Cope) Jordan

MYXOSTOMA PAPILLOSUM (Cope) Jordan

MYXOSTOMA PAPILLOSUM. 135

GENUS MINYTREMA. 137

MINYTREMA MELANOPS. 139

GENUS ERIMYZON. 141 and oblique in position when the mouth is closed, the mouth thus similar

GENUS ERIMYZON. 143

ERIMYZON SUCETTA. 145

14G CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

147Professor Agassiz'sanisurus, considered by him as theWestern rep- Professor Agassiz'sanisurus, considered by him as theWestern rep- resentativeol" ohlo7igns, must belong here. Professor Agassiz's tenuis from Mobile is not described; butassiicettaoccursabundantlyin Ala- bama, itissafe to presume their identity. The Chub Sucker is oue of the smallest species, rarely reaching a length of morethan afoot.

It is tenaciouscf life, and bitesreadily at a small hook, but is not much valued for food.

ERIMYZON GOODEI, sp. nov

150 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NOETH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

Theyrim up the rivers to spawn in June; feed on bytheiubabitants.. Theyrim up the rivers to spawn in June; feed on thebottom and eatthe spawn of better lish; sj)awuingbeds on gravel.

152 CONTEIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III

153 The jaw-bones are very feeble, the intermaxilhiry being reduced to a The jaw-bones are very feeble, the intermaxilhiry being reduced to a thin kimella, which does not descend to the middle of the maxillary. This genus as at present restricted comprises three well-marked groui)S, which may be accepted as subgenera, undertbe names Catosto- omis, Dccadactylus^ andEypentelium. One of these groui>s,Hypentelium., has been usually considered as adistinct genus, onaccount of the differences inthe form of the head and in the squamation.

Thetype of Catostomus, asrestricted by Agassiz, prior toGirardbeing Cyprinus catostomus Forster, Oi.e of the small-scaled group, thename.

154 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

GENUS CATOSTOMUS. 155

160 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III

CATOSTOMUS NIGRICANS Le Sueur

CATOSTOMUS NIGRICANS. 163

CATOSTOMUS INSIGNIS. 165

CATOSTOMUS CLAEKI Baird & Qirard

CATOSTOMUS INSIGNIS Baird & Girard

CATOSTOMUS TERES {MitchUl) Le Sueur

CATOSTOMUS TERES. 167

168 CONTEIDUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

169types of G. sucJcliiare lost, but C. teres occurs in the Upper Missouri types of G. sucJcliiare lost, but C. teres occurs in the Upper Missouri region, and Girard's descriptionLints atno specificdifference. Catostomtis texanus Abbott, describedfrom a dried specimen,isless clear,but whatthereis of specific characterization in the description points to G. teres. Thethree largelateral spots, " not seen in any other of the order," are found on young specimens of Gatostomus generally.

Ihave examined the types of ^'•Moxostoma trisignatum", and have found specimens of similarsize,similarlycoloredand withoutlateralline,from Michigan and from otherWestern States.

170 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III

CATOSTOMUS MACROCHILUS. 171

172 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

CATOSTOMUS OCCIDENTALIS Ayres

CATOSTOMUS TAHOENSIS. 173

CATOSTOMUS LABIATUS Ayres

174 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

CATOSTOMUS LONGIEOSTRIS. 175

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CATOSTOMUS LONGIROSTRIS. 177 gave to this species tbe name of mtrora, iu allusion to the red breeding

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CATOSTOMUS EETROPINNIS Jordan, sp. nov

CATOSTOMUS LATIPINNIS Baird & Girard

CATOSTOMUS DISCOBOLUS. 179

GENUS PANTOSTEUS. 181

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PANTOSTEUS VIRESCENS Cope

PANTOSTEUS GENEROSUS. 183

PANTOSTEUS PLATYRHYNOHUS Cope

PAl^TOSTBUS GENEEOSUS {Girard) Jordan

PANTOSTEUS PLEBEIUS. 185

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34; 187 whatasin Catostomus, butless full,incised behind; jaws without carti- whatasin Catostomus, butless full,incised behind; jaws without carti- laginous sheath; muciferous system not greatly-developed; opercular apparatus not greatly developed, the operculum smooth and narrow. Scales moderate, about equal over the body, not closely imbricated, with wide exposed surfaces, the number in the lateral line from 55to GO, and about 17 in a transverse series from dorsal to ventrals; edges of scales serrate; lateral line welldeveloped, nearly straight. Fins ratherlarge; dorsalfinbeginning infrontofventralsand ending justbefore anal,of about 30 rays, stronglyfalcatein front,thefirstand second developedrays in length more than half the length of thebase of thefin, the rays rapidly shortened to aboutthe eighth,the length of the remaining raysbeing nearlyuniform andall short; caudalfin large, widely forked, the lobes about equal; anal finquite small, low, of 7 or 8 developed rays, scaly at base; ventralsmoderate, with 10 rays; pec- torals elongate, somewhatfalcate.

But a single species of this singular genus is as yet known. found in the waters of the Mississippi Valley, and, althoughnot a rare fish, it isby no means as generally abundantas are many othersof its family.

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CYCLEPTUS ELONGATUS. 189

From the general use of thename'^Missouri Sucker", itsabundance in the State of Missouri may be inferred; but,as to the facts in the case, Iam not informed. That being the case, the synonymyof the species needs no discussion, its oldest name beingtheone in common use.

GENUS CARPIODES. 191 the fleshy portiou of the cheek below j fontanelle always present, well

Uur knowledge of the species thus farhas beenalmostentirelyduetothe laborsofProfessor Cope (A Partial Syn- .. opsis of the Fishes of NorthCarolina", Proc. I have, therefore, taken Professor Coi)e's analysis of the species, and added to it such addi- tional features as Ihave been able to observe, and Igive the whole as our bestknowledge atpresent on the subject, leaving for future study the considerationofthedegreeof relationship existingbetweencyprlnus, . vcl'ifer,and thompsoni. Species of thisgenus are found in all the fresh waters of the United States cast of the Eocky Mountains.

Thegeographicaldistributionof the species has been little studied. cyprlnus is thecommon specieseast of the Alleghanies, and, if "C damalis^^ and "C tumidus''^ be the same, in theUpperMissouri regionand theRio Grandealso.

194 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III

CARPIODES CUTISANSERINUS, 195

CARPIODES DIFFORMIS Cope

CARPIODES BISON

CAKPIODES THOMPSONI Agassiz

I am furthermore unable to separate tumidus as thus characterized from damalis Grd., and the close relationshipexisting between damalis and cyprinus has already been noticed by ProfessorCope.

Head moderate or rather large, deep and thick, itssuperior outline rapidly rising, its length about 4 in that of the body: eye moderate, median orrather anterior in positionj suborbital bones comparatively narrow; fontanelle always present and widely open. Mouth moderate or small,more or less inferior, the mandibleshort, littleoblique, or typically quite horizontal, themandiblelessthanone-third the length of the head, the premaxillaries in the closed mouth below thelevel of the lower part of the orbit; lipsratherthin,thickertbanin Ichthyobus, the upper protractile, narrow, plicate, theplica3 sometimes broken up into granules; lower lip comparatively full (for aBuffalo- fish), faintly plicate, the plicic b:okeii up into granules, the lowerlij) . havingthe general ^shaped form seen in Cmjnodes; jaws withoutcar- tilaginous sheath; muciferous system well developed; oj)ercularappa- ratus well developed, but less so than in IcMIiyohns, the operculum strongly rugose; isthmus moderate; pharyngeal bonestriangular, with large teeth,which increase in size from above downwards; teeth compressed, their grindingedge blunt, slightly arched in the middle, and provided with a little cusp along the inner margin, which is hardly detachedfromthecrown,anddoes not riseabovethe surface: gill-rakers of anterior arch slender and stiff above, growing shorter downwards. Bodj- ovate oroblong,thedorsal outlinemoreorless arched, thesides of the body compressed, the ventral outline curved also, but to aless degree: scales very large, about equal over the body, theirposterior.

202 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III,outlines somewhat aerrute; lateral line well developed, nearly straight,.

202 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III, outlines somewhat aerrute; lateral line well developed, nearly straight,