Garrett, The Problem of the Old Testament: Hermeneutical, Schematic, and Theological Approaches (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2020), 3. 5 Sidney Greidanus, Preaching Christ from the Old Testament: A Contemporary Hermeneutical Method (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1999), 47. First, I will present a brief overview of the hermeneutical challenges in interpreting the Old Testament in the light of Christ and the New Testament.
Garrett, The Problem of the Old Testament: Hermeneutical, Schematic, and Theological Approaches (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press. 3 Sidney Greidanus, Preaching Christ from the Old Testament: A Contemporary Hermeneutical Method (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company , 1999), 83. Another common approach to interpreting the Old Testament in light of the New Testament is through metaphors.
METHODOLOGY
Greidanus says that there are many ways or ways to interpret and preach Christ from the Old Testament. Redemptive history supports all other paths that lead from the narrative of the Old Testament to Christ in the New Testament. According to the Gospel writers, Jesus fulfilled the promises of all the prophets in the Old Testament. 14.
An example of a longitudinal theme of God uplifting the oppressed and the humble can be traced from the Old Testament in Genesis 41:1–57 to the New Testament.
HOSEA 1:1–11
Hosea rebukes Israel for having given up the love of the Lord, saying, "There is no faithfulness, no steadfast love, and no knowledge of God in the land" (Hos 4:1). But at the end of Hosea's prophetic ministry, Hezekiah of Judah "did that which was good in the sight of the Lord, according to all that David his father had done" (18:3). Shepherd, A Commentary on the Book of the Twelve: The Minor Prophets, Kregel Exegetical Library (Grand Rapids: Kregel Publications James Merrill Ward, Hosea: A Theological Commentary (New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1966), 3.
The Gospel of Matthew clarifies the lineage of Christ, as the book begins with the preamble: "The genealogy of Jesus Christ, the son of David" (Matthew 1:1). God continued to fill up the promise through the prophecy of Hosea, and the promise was ultimately fulfilled in the life, death and resurrection of Christ and the outpouring of the Holy Spirit upon the Church. It was like this, "that all the peoples of the earth may know that the Lord is God; there is no other” (8:60).
God's word came to Hosea (Hosea 1:1) and then Hosea called Israel to "hear the word of the Lord". Jesus Christ came from the nation of Israel, through the line of David, from the house of Judah, not only as the expected Messiah, but also as the greater prophet. The reunification of the people of Israel under one leader is also a type of God's plan for the Church to have one Head, in Jesus Christ.
It is also clear in the letters that it was not the way of the apostles to preach a salvation by sword, compulsion or power. There are glimmers of hope in the rest of Hosea 1–3 and the rest of the book; However, Hosea prophesies a stark view of Israel's future for the majority of the rest of the book.
HOSEA 2:1–13
This part of Hosea's prophecy recalls God's message to Israel when He commands: “You shall be holy, because I. God's judgment will fall upon Israel because they have turned to other gods and broken God's commandments. From the time Adam and Eve sinned in Genesis 3 to the time Israel was divided into two nations, God's judgment against sin has been consistent.
In addition, God still promised that Abraham “would become the father of many nations, even after Sarai had given her handmaid Hagar to Abram to wife (16:3). God continues to fulfill this promise of salvation for God's people in Jesus Christ. Just as the living creatures, the elders and the angels will sing praises to the Lamb of God around the throne (Revelation 5:9-10), so will the Church sing praises to God's love and mercy for eternity.
Regarding Israel, the Word announces that in God's time and according to his grace, he will draw back to himself the remnant of Jews (Romans 11:5), who will repent of their sins before the Lord and confess Christ as their Savior. The theme of holiness is woven throughout redemptive history, and God's call to holiness echoes throughout the book of Hosea. The call of God's prophets and apostles to holiness was similar; God's people are called to "not be conformed to this world" (Romans 12:2).
To refute Baal's reputation for providing fertility and showing himself as the one providing the harvest, he would take from Israel what they had forgotten he gave them.7 God wanted Israel to trust him as their provider for everything. things in this life, just as Jesus calls the Church to rely on God's provision of clothing, food and drink (Matthew 6:30-33). Paul serves as an example for Christians as he trusted God "in every circumstance" (Phil 4:12) and.
HOSEA 2:14–23
The text highlights God's infinite love extended to Israel, as God would "plant it for myself in the MT land]). The redemptive-historical interpretation of this text is related to the canonical interpretation, since the text is a promise of redemption for God's people, and God sets forth this everlasting covenant that he will make with them. In Hosea MT), God promised to "give her [Israel] his vineyards, and make the Valley of Akora a door of hope" .The Valley of Achor referred to when Achan sinned and plundered Jericho and then God's wrath came temporarily upon Israel.
His people would no longer call him "my Baal," but instead call God "my husband." God's way of drawing Israel back to Himself would be by bringing them into the wilderness. The wilderness and its relationship with God's salvation is a dominant theme in the Old Testament and is seen in the New Testament when Jesus is tempted in the wilderness.
Earlier in God's redemptive plan for Israel, He led them out of Egypt into the wilderness. During the times when Israel was in sin against God, the prophets used the wilderness narrative as a reminder of God's faithfulness. Unlike Jesus, Israel complained to God, lacked faith in God's provision, and sinned while in the wilderness; however, through the conquest of Christ over.
Another theme that can be traced from the Old Testament into the New Testament is the theme of God's infinite mercy for his people. The desert narrative for Israel can be summed up with two points of emphasis: firstly, God's faithfulness and mercy towards Israel, and secondly, Israel's grumbling and complaining about their forty-year journey.
HOSEA 3:1–5
Christocentric interpretation of the book, as the Davidic king Israel would one day seek (3:5), was clearly messianic. Shepherd, A Commentary on the Book of the Twelve: The Minor Prophets, Kregel Exegetical Library (Grand Rapids: Kregel Publications, 2018), 53. Paul proclaimed Christ as God's Son "descended from David" (Rom 1:3) , and John knew Christ as "the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David" (Revelation 5:5).10 The Apostles knew Jesus Christ as the Davidic king prophesied by Hosea.
Hosea and Christ are of course significantly different, as Hosea is simply a prophet of the Lord, sent to pronounce judgment against Israel, while Christ is the fulfillment of Hosea's prophetic analogy and the Redeemer of Israel. Gray Fund of the Divinity School of Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (Nashville: Abingdon Press. Atonement and forgiveness through payment is a common theme throughout Israel's sacrificial system in the Old Testament and it extends as a theme into the New Testament, since Christ's atoning work on the cross through His vicarious atonement is the core of the Gospel by which Christians are saved.
God's people will no longer live without a leader, a prince, a king, or a lord, for Christ "is the head of the body, the church" (Col. 1:18). Strengths of the hermeneutical method include that it maintains set criteria for each way of interpreting the Old Testament in the light of Christ, in addition to set criteria for biblical allusions, which fall under New Testament references; the terminology used within hermeneutics is clearly defined apart from biblical allusions; hermeneutics includes longitudinal themes as one of seven modes of interpretation; and the methodology is not overly technical, but simple for the sake of the preacher. Greidanus's methodology has many strengths, including the fact that he established criteria for each of the seven modes of interpretation, in addition to biblical allusions within the modes of longitudinal themes and New Testament references.
1 (March defines inner-biblical exegesis and what I would define as inner-biblical reuse, as “the study of the relationship between earlier biblical texts (which have already assumed normative or even canonical status in the community) and their reuse in subsequent texts.". 4 See Jonathan Neal Atkinson, "New Exodus, New Covenant, New Creation: The Reuse of the Old Testament in Joel" (PhD diss., The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary which defines inner-biblical allusion as "the reuse of a text in a way that does not explain its plain meaning, thus distinguishing it from inner-biblical exegesis/interpretation.”.
CONCLUSION
New Exodus, New Covenant, New Creation: The Reuse of the Old Testament in Joel. PhD diss., The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 2022. Many hermeneutical approaches have been used to interpret the Old Testament in light of Christ throughout church history. Sidney Greidanus, in Preaching Christ from the Old Testament, has formulated a Christocentric redemptive-historical hermeneutic that provides defined criteria, clearly defined terminology, and a balanced approach to interpreting the Old Testament through the redemptive-historical fulfillment of the New Testament. .
For this reason, I decided to use Greidanus' seven ways of interpreting Hosea 1:1-3:5 and analyze selected sermon texts to see if his methodology is effective. Chapters 7-10 analyze selected sermon texts of Hosea 1:1-3:5 by examining the historical context of each sermon text and then applying Greidanus' seven ways of interpreting the Old Testament in the light of Christ. Greidanus' methodology could be used to analyze the rest of the book of Hosea and other books in the Old Testament.