CRACK TOEFL READING:
TOEFL READING FOR HIGH
SCHOOLERS
CRACK TOEFL READING:
TOEFL READING FOR HIGH SCHOOLERS
Contributors:
Group 2
Selvi Septiani 23113015 Rizki Maharani
23113017 Dinda Dwi Zia 23113012
Group 1 & 5
Candra Irawan 23113016 Salsabila Elysia 23113003 Renita Julia 23113001 Niken Ayu
Pratiwi 23113019 Marya Qibthy 23113014
Group 4
Andhyta Devaliana Putri
23113002 Riang Seviananda
23113007
Salsa Amanda 23113005
Editor:
Khairani Putri Salsya
ISBN:
<< No. ISBN >>
Copyright © Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia, 2024
All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior written permission of the publisher.
Universitas Teknokrat
Indonesia Jalan Z.A. Pagar Alam No 9-11 Labuhan Ratu,
Bandarlampung, 35145
Telp. (0721) 702022, Fax. (0721) 702022
PREFACE
Welcome, aspiring scholars, to the Crack Book ReadingTOEFL ITP for Schooler!
As you embark on this journey of mastering the TOEFL ITP, we understand that the reading comprehension section can be both a challenge and an opportunity. This book is designed with you in mind to not only help you overcome the difficulties but also to empower you with the skills and confidence needed to excel.
The ability to comprehend and interpret academic texts is a crucial skill, not just for the TOEFL ITP, but for your future academic endeavors and beyond. Reading is more than just understanding words on a page; it’s about engaging with ideas, analyzing arguments, and connecting with diverse perspectives.
Throughout this book, you will find carefully curated passages that reflect the types of texts you will encounter in the TOEFL ITP exam. Alongside these passages, we have included a variety of questions that will test and hone your comprehension skills. Our explanations are detailed and geared towards helping you understand not just the 'what' but the 'why' behind each answer.
Remember, preparation is key. The more you practice, the more adept you will become at navigating the complexities of academic texts. But beyond practice, it’s your curiosity and eagerness to learn that will truly make the difference.
We hope this book becomes a trusted companion in your TOEFL ITP preparation. May it inspire you to push your boundaries, reach your goals, and unlock new opportunities.
Happy reading and best of luck on your journey!
Time- 55 minutes
(Including the reading of the directions)
Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by a number of questions about it. You are to choose the one best answer; (A), (B), (C ), or (D), to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
Passage for question number 1 to 2
(1) Many people have the mistaken notion that being able to write well is a talent that one either has or doesn’t have. This is not necessarily true. You can learn to write effectively if you are willing to learn some strategies and practice them.
Writing is a skill that people in all walks of life must perform almost daily. Good writing in English requires good grammar and good organization.
1. What is writing?
(A) Writing is a skill that people in all walks of life must Perform sometimes.
(B) Writing is a skill that people in all walks of life perform almost daily.
(C) ) Writing is a skill that is brought since people born.
(D) Writing is as skill that can be done only by a talent.
2. What do we need to write a good writing in English?
(A) Good grammar and good organization.
(B) Good talent and good grammar.
(C) ) Good opportunity and good organization.
(D) Good talent and good opportunity.
Passage for question number 3 to 9
Vitamins are essential micronutrients your body needs in small amounts for various roles throughout the human body. Vitamins are divided into two groups: water- soluble (B-complex vitamins and C vitamins) and fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K). Unlike water-soluble vitamins that need regular replacement in the body, fat- soluble vitamins
are stored in the liver and fatty tissues, and are eliminated much more slowly than watersoluble vitamins.
The fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K, are stored in the body for long periods of time and generally pose a greater risk for toxicity when consumed in excess than water- soluble vitamins. Eating a normal, well-balanced diet will not lead to toxicity in otherwise healthy individuals. However taking vitamin supplements that contain megadoses of vitamins A, D, E, and K may leads to toxicity. The body only needs small amounts of any vitamin.
While diseases caused by a lack of fat-soluble vitamins are rare in Indonesia, symptoms of mild deficiency can develop without adequate amounts of vitamins in the diet. Additionally, some health problems may decrease the absorption of fat, and in turn, decrease the absorption of vitamins A, D, E, and K.
3. What is the passage mainly discussed?
(A) Vitamins as the essential micronutrients for the body.
(B) Sources of vitamins.
(C) How to get nutritious food.
(D) Eating healthy food.
4. How many groups of vitamins are there?
(A) Two groups
(B) Three
groups (C )Four groups (D)Five groups
5. According to the passage, fat soluble vitamins are
(A) Vitamins which need regular replacement in the body (B) stored in the liver only
(C )stored in the body for long periods of time
(D)Consisting of B-complex and C vitamins
6. What will happen if you consume too much vitamin supplements?
(A) The body will be stronger.
(B) It may lead to toxicity. (C )We are healthier. (D)The diseases are gone.
7. The vitamins below are fat-soluble vitamins, except (A) Vitamin A
(B) Vit
amin C (C )Vitamin D (D)Vitamin E
8. According to the passage, water-soluble vitamins are (A) Able to be absorbed by fat
(B) Vitamin A and D (C )Vitamin B-complex and C (D)Eliminated slowly
9. How many vitamins are needed by our body? (A)Megadoses of vitamins (B)Huge amounts of any vitamin (C )Small amounts of any vitamin (D)As much as we want
10. The word Symptoms in line 14 can be replaced by (A) Tendency
(B) Signal (C )Spot (D)Indication
11. According to the passage, health problems (A) Will be controlled
(B) Are gone
(C )Have solution
(D)May decrease fat absorption Passage for question number 10-15
Visible light is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that our eyes can see. Light from the sun or a light bulb may look white, but it is actually a combination of many colors. We can see the different colors of the spectrum by splitting the light with a prism. The spectrum is also visible when you see a rainbow in the sky.
The colors blend continuously into one another. At one end of the spectrum are the reds and oranges. These gradually shade into yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.
The colors have different wavelength, and lowest frequency and energy.
12. What is the passage talking about?
(A) The colors of light (B) Rainbow in the sky (C )Different colors of the spectrum (D)Violet, the highest frequency and energy
13. How can we see the different colors of the spectrum?
(A) By using a telescope
(B) By standing in the high place (C )By splitting the light with a prism (D)By wearing special glasses
14. The word it in line 2 refers to (A) Electromagnetic spectrum
(B) O
ur eyes (C )Sun
(D)Light
15. How do the colors blend into one another? (A)temporarily
(B)Continuously (C )Partly (D)Occasionally
Passage for question number 16 to 21
Archaeology is a source of history, not just a humble auxiliary discipline.
Archaeological data are historical documents, not mere illustrations to written texts. Just as much as any other historian, an archaeologist studies and tries to reconstitute the process that has created the human world in which we live and us ourselves in so far as we are each creature of our age and social environment. Archaeological data are all changes in the material world resulting from human action or more succinctly the fossilized results of human behavior. The sum of these constitutes is what may be called as the archaeological record which it exhibits certain peculiarities and deficiencies the consequences of which produce a rather superficial contrast between archaeological history and the more familiar kind based upon written records.
Not all human behavior fossilizes. The words I utter and you hear as vibrations in the air are certainly human changes in the material world and may be of great historical significance. Yet they leave no sort of trace in the archaeological records unless they are captured by a dictaphone or written down by a clerk. The movement of troops on the battlefield may "change the course of history", but this is equally ephemeral from the archaeologist's standpoint. What is perhaps worse, most organic materials being perishable.
Everything made of wood, hide wool, linen, grass hair, and similar materials will decay and vanish in dust in a few years or centuries, save under very exceptional conditions. In a relatively brief period, the archaeological record is reduced to mere scraps of stone, bone, glass, metal, and earthenware. Still modern archaeology, by applying appropriate techniques and comparative methods, aided by a few lucky finds from peat bogs, deserts, and frozen soils can fill up a good deal of the gap.
16. What is the author's main purpose in the passage?
A. Pointing out the importance of recent advances in archaeology.
B. Describing an archaeologist’s education.
C. Explaining how archaeology is a source of history.
D. Encouraging more people to become archaeologists.
17. The word "discipline" in line 1 can be best replaced by . A. student
B. course C. order D. method
18. The word "it" in line 8 refers to . A. the record
B. the sum
C. human behavior D. constitute
19. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example of an organic material?
A. stone B. wool C. grass D. hair
20. The word “mere” in bold can be replaced by . A. simple
B. unimportant C. pure
D. little
21. The word "they" in bold refers to . A. scraps
B. words C. troops D. humans
Passage for question number 22 to 30
Horse owners who plan to breed one or more mares should have a working knowledge of heredity and know how to care for breeding animals and foals. The number of mares bred that conceive varies from about 40 to 85 percent, with the average running less than 50 percent. Some mares that do conceive fail to produce living foals. This means that, on average, two mares are kept a whole year to produce one foal, and even then, some foals are disappointments from the standpoint of quality.
By careful selection, breeders throughout history have developed various kinds of horses with a wide variety of characteristics to suit many different needs. The Great Horse of the Middle Ages, for example, was bred for size and strength to carry a heavily armored knight. The massive horses of such breeds are often called "cold blooded." The Arabs bred lithe desert horses that were small and swift. These animals are often referred to as "hot blooded". Cross-breeding of hot-blooded and cold-blooded horses for certain characteristics produced breeds ranging from riding horses to draft horses.
The Thoroughbred is considered by many to be the highpoint of elegance and fine selective breeding. Many persons mistakenly apply the name Thoroughbred to any purebred horse. But a Thoroughbred is a distinct breed of running horses that traces its ancestry through the male line directly back to three Eastern stallions as the Byerly Turk, the Darley Arabian, and the Godolphin Barb. For convenience the breeds of horses are often divided into three major groups: first is ponies; second is heavy, or draft horses; and the last is light horses.
22. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Horse breading B. Horse farming C. Animal breeders D. Breeding knowledge
23. What percent is the average amount of mares bred conceive?
A. about 45%
B. around 85%
C. more than 70%
D. up to 50%
24. The word "conceive" in bold can be replaced by . A. become sick.
B. become pregnant.
C. die.
D. be born
25. Which of the following was NOT owned by Great Horse of the Middle Ages?
A. Large size B. Beauty C. Strength D. Swiftness
26. The words “These” in bold refers to . A. Arabs
B. Desert horses C. Breeds D. Animals
27. The word “highpoint” in bold can be replaced by . A. popularity.
B. standard.
C. massiveness.
D. top.
28. According to the passage, which of the following horses is known as the finest purebred?
A. Darley Arabian
B. Thoroughbred C. Godolphin Barb D. Byerly Turk
29. What is the origin of the Thoroughbred? A. A male lineage of Eastern stallion.
B. A direct breed of running horses.
C. A cross-breed of the Arabs.
D. A purebred horse.
30. Which of the following is NOT one of the major divisions of horse breeds?
A. Draft horses.
B. Ponies.
C. Foals.
D. Light horses
Passage for question number 31-40
As Philadelphia grew from a small town into a city in the fi rst half of the eighteenth century, it became an increasingly important marketing center for a vast and growing agricultural hinterland. Market days saw the crowded city even more crowded, as fanners from within a radius of 24 or more kilometers brought their sheep, cows, pigs, vegetables, cider, and other products for direct sale to the townspeople. The High Street Market was continuously enlarged throughout the period until 1736, when it reached from Front Street to Third. By 1745 New Market was opened on Second Street between Pine and Cedar. The next year the Callowhill Market began operation. Along with market days, the institution of twiceyearly fairs persisted in Philadelphia even after similar trading days had been discontinued in other colonial cities. The fairs provided a means of bringing handmade goods from outlying places to would- be buyers in the city. Linens and stockings from Germantown, for example, were popular items. Auctions were another popular form of occasional trade. Because of the competition, retail merchants opposed these as well as the fairs. Although governmental attempts to eradicate fairs and auctions were less than successful, the ordinary course of economic development was on the merchants’ side, as increasing business specialization became the order of the day. Export merchants became differentiated from their importing counterparts, and specialty shops began to appear in addition to general stores selling a variety of goods.
One of the reasons Philadelphia’s merchants generally prospered was because the surrounding area was undergoing tremendous economic and demographic growth. They did their business, after all, in the capital city of the province. Not only did they cater to the governor and his circle, but citizens from all over the colony came to the capital for legislative sessions of the assembly and council and the meetings of the courts of justice.
31. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Philadelphia’s agriculture importance
B. Philadelphia’s development as a marketing center C. The sale of imported goods in Philadelphia D. The administration of the city of Philadelphia
32. It can be inferred from the passage that new markets opened in Philadelphia because A. they provided more modem facilities than older markets
B. the High Street Market was forced to close
C. existing markets were unable to serve the growing population D. farmers wanted markets that were closer to the farms.
33. The word “hinterland “ in line 3 is closest in meaning to A. tradition
B. association C. produce D. Region
34. The word “it” in line 6 refers to A. the crowded city
B. a radius
C. the High Street Market D. the period
35. The word “persisted” in line 9 is closest in meaning to
A. returned B. started C. declined D. Continued
36. According to the passage, fairs in Philadelphia were held A. on the same day as market says
B. as often as possible C. a couple of times a year
D. whenever the government allowed it
37. It can be inferred that the author mentions “Linens and stockings” in line 12 to show that they were items that
A. retail merchants were not willing to sell B. were not available in the stores in Philadelphia
C. were more popular in Germantown man in Philadelphia D. could easily be transported
38. The word “eradicate” in line 16 is closest in meaning to A. Eliminate
B. Exploit C. Organize D. Operate
39. What does the author mean by stating in line 17 that “economic development was on the merchants’ side”?
A. Merchants had a strong impact on economic expansion.
B. Economic forces allowed merchants to prosper.
C. Merchants had to work together to achieve economic independence
D. Specialty shops near large markets were more likely to be economically successful.
40. The word “undergoing” in line 22 is closest in meaning to
A. Requesting B. Experiencing C. Repeating D. Including
Passage for question 41-50
Aviculturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learned how to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild. They continue to look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates. When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the bird’s skin to the top portion of the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. This temperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching. Nest construction can contribute to this temperature gradient. Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirt are cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material. Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom sections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water. As the water that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and is heated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment.
In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots and incubate them under laboratory conditions. Most commercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird’s method of natural incubation, and perhaps reducing the viability and survivability of the hatching chicks. When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors to use as nests in which to place eggs. In areas where weather can become cold after eggs are laid, it is very important to maintain a deep foundation of nesting material to act as insulator against the cold bottom of the box. If eggs rest against the wooden bottom in extremely cold weather conditions, they can become chilled to a point where the embryo can no longer survive. Similarly, these boxes should be protected from direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo. Nesting material should be added in suffi cient amounts to avoid both extreme
temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secure place to rest.
41. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Nesting material varies according to the parrots’ environment.
B. Humidity is an important factor in incubating parrots’ eggs.
C. Aviculturists have constructed the ideal nest box for parrots.
D. Wild parrots’ nests provide information useful for artificial incubation.
42. The word “They” in line 2 refers to A. Aviculturists
B. Birds C. Eggs D. rates
43. According to paragraph 2, when the temperature of the sides and bottom of the egg are cooler than the top, then
A. there may be a good chance for successful incubation B. the embryo will not develop normally
C. the incubating parent moves the egg to a new position D. the incubation process is slowed down
44. According to paragraph 2, sticks, rocks, or dirt are used to A. soften the bottom of the nest for the newly hatched chick B. hold the nest together
C. help lower the temperature at the bottom of the nest D. make the nest bigger
45. According to paragraph 2, the construction of the nest allows water to A. provide a beneficial source of humidity in the nest
B. Loosen the materials at the bottom of the nest C. keep the nest in a clean condition
D. touch the bottom of the eggs
46. All of the following are part of a parrot’s incubation method EXCEPT A. heating the water vapor as it rises from the bottom of the nest B. arranging nesting material at the bottom of the nest
C. transferring heat from the parent to the top of the eggshell D. maintaining a constant temperature on the eggshell
47. The word “suspend” in line 19 is closest in meaning to A. Build
B. Paint C. Hang D. Move
48. The word “fatal” in line 25 is closest in meaning to A. Close
B. Deadly C. Natural D. Hot
49. The word “secure” in line 27 is closest in meaning to A. Fresh
B. Dim C. Safe D. Warm
50. According to paragraph 2, a deep foundation of nesting material provides A. a constant source of humidity
B. a strong nest box
C. more room for newly hatched chicks D. protection against cold weather
KEY ANSWERS and DISCUSSIONS Number 1-15
1. B
Discussion: According to the passage line 5-6, Writing is a skill that people in all walks of life must perform almost daily. Therefore, you should choose (B)
2. A
Discussion: The passage states that Good writing in English requires good grammar and good organization. Therefore, you should choose (A)
3. A. Vitamins as the essential micronutrients for the body.
Discussion: The passage primarily talks about the importance of vitamins as essential micronutrients and explains the difference between water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins.
4. (A) Two groups.
Discussion: The passage states that vitamins are dividedinto two groups: water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins.
5. (C) stored in the body for long periods of time.
Discussion: The passage explains that fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) are stored in the body for long periods of time and pose a greater risk for toxicity when consumed in excess.
6. (B) It may lead to toxicity.
Discussion: The passage mentions that taking vitamin supplements with megadoses of vitamins A, D, E, and K may lead to toxicity since the body only needs small amounts of these vitamins.
7. (B) Vitamin C.
Discussion: According to the passage, fat-soluble vitamins include A, D, E, and K, while Vitamin C is water-soluble.
8. (C) Vitamin B-complex and C.
Discussion: The passage states that water-soluble vitamins are the B-complex vitamins and Vitamin C, which need regular replacement in the body.
9. (C) Small amounts of any vitamin.
Discussion: The passage clearly mentions that the body only needs small amounts of any vitamin.
10. (D) Indication.
Discussion: In the context of the passage, "symptoms" refer to signs or indications of mild deficiency.
11. (D) May decrease fat absorption.
Discussion: The passage explains that some health problems can decrease the absorption of fat, which in turn decreases the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K.
12. (C) Different colors of the spectrum.
Discussion: The passage discusses how visible light, which seems white, is actually a combination of many colors that can be seen when split with a prism, forming a spectrum.
13. (C) By splitting the light with a prism.
Discussion: The passage explains that we can see the different colors of the spectrum by splitting the light with a prism.
14. (D) Light.
Discussion: In the context of the passage, "it" refers to the light from the sun or a light bulb.
15. (B) Continuously.
Discussion: The passage states that the colors blend continuously into one another within the spectrum.
Number 16-30
16. (C) Explaining how archaeology is a source of history.
Discussion: The author emphasizes that archaeology is a significant source of historical knowledge, complementing written records.
17. (B) Course
Discussion: The word "discipline" refers to a field of study or systematic method. The best synonym in this context is "method."
18. (A) The record
Discussion: The word "it" refers to the archaeological record, described earlier in the passage as the sum of fossilized results of human activity.
19. (A) Stone
Discussion: The passage lists organic materials like wool, grass, and hair. Stone, being inorganic, is not included in this category.
20. (D) Little
Discussion: The word "mere" emphasizes the simplicity or limitation of the archaeological record. The best synonym in this context is "simple."
21. (B) Words
Discussion: The word "they" refers to spoken words, which the passage notes do not leave traces in the archaeological record unless recorded.
22. (A) Horse breading
Discussion: The passage focuses on the process and challenges of horse breeding, historical development, and the importance of selective breeding. This makes "horse breeding" the central theme.
23. (A) About 45%
Discussion: The text states the conception rate varies from 40% to 85%, with an average of less than 50%. The closest choice is "about 45%."
24. (B) Become pregnant.
Discussion: The word "conceive" is used in the context of reproduction, specifically referring to mares becoming pregnant. The best synonym is "become pregnant."
25. (B) Beauty
Discussion: The Great Horse of the Middle Ages was described as large and strong, suited for carrying armored knights. However, it was not known for swiftness.
26. (A) Arabs
Discussion: The word "These" refers back to "desert horses," which were bred by the Arabs for their small size and speed.
27. (D) Top
Discussion: The word "highpoint" refers to the pinnacle or peak of achievement. In this context, it means the Thoroughbred is the pinnacle of selective breeding. The best synonym is "top."
28. (B) Thoroughbred
Discussion: The Thoroughbred is highlighted as a distinct and carefully bred purebred, considered the pinnacle of elegance.
29. (A) A male lineage of Eastern stallion.
Discussion: The Thoroughbred's male lineage traces directly to three Eastern stallions:
Byerly Turk, Darley Arabian, and Godolphin Barb.
30. (C) Foals
Discussion: The three major divisions mentioned are ponies, draft horses, and light horses. "Foals," which are young horses, do not represent a breed division.
Number 31-50
31. B
Discussion : Discussion: The main paragraph discusses the development of Philadelphia as a marketing center. The author explains how markets expanded, new markets were established, and trade activities such as markets, fairs, and auctions took place, along with the city's role in serving the surrounding area. Other answers, like (A), focus only on agriculture, while (C) and (D) are not the primary focus of the text.
32. C
Discussion : Discussion: The text mentions that the High Street Market was continuously enlarged until 1736, but new markets like New Market and Callowhill Market were still established to meet the increasing trade demands. This suggests that the existing markets were insufficient for the growing population.
33. D
Discussion: Discussion: The word "hinterland" refers to the surrounding rural area or region that supplied goods to the city. This matches the context of farmers bringing their products from a 24-kilometer radius to sell in Philadelphia.
34. C
Discussion: Discussion: The word "it" refers to the High Street Market mentioned earlier, which was expanded from Front Street to Third Street.
35. D
Discussion: Discussion: The word "persisted" in this context means that fairs continued to be held in Philadelphia even after other colonial cities discontinued such events. Hence, the closest synonym is "continued."
36. C
Discussion: Discussion: The text explicitly mentions that fairs were held twice a year ("twice-yearly fairs"). Other answers do not match the frequency described in the passage.
37. B
Discussion: Discussion: The passage states that fairs brought handmade goods from outlying areas to the city, such as linens and stockings from Germantown. This indicates that these items were not easily available in Philadelphia's stores.
38. A
Discussion: Discussion: The government attempted to "eradicate" fairs and auctions. The closest synonym for "eradicate" is "eliminate," meaning to remove or get rid of something.
39. B
Discussion: Discussion: The author explains that economic development supported merchants because business specialization and the emergence of specialty shops allowed them to thrive. This indicates that economic forces worked in their favor.
40. B
Discussion: Discussion: The passage mentions that the surrounding area of Philadelphia was "undergoing" tremendous economic and demographic growth. The closest synonym is "experiencing," which fits the context.
41. D
Discussion: he passage focuses on the difficulties aviculturists face in replicating natural incubation methods for parrot eggs. It explains the differences between natural and artificial incubation, including temperature regulation and humidity, and how these
impact egg viability. Other options are either too narrow or unrelated to the primary focus of the passage.
42. A
Discussion: The text explains that natural nests create a temperature gradient, with the top of the egg being warmer than the bottom. This is achieved through the bird's skin transferring heat and the nesting materials regulating temperature. This function is explicitly mentioned as important for successful hatching.
43. A
Discussion: The term "gradient" refers to the difference in temperature between the top and bottom of the egg. The closest synonym in this context is "variation," which indicates a gradual change or difference.
44. C
Discussion: The passage states that water collected in the bottom of the nest evaporates and, as water vapor rises, it is heated by the bird. This increases the humidity around the eggs, which is beneficial for incubation. This mechanism is clearly explained in the text.
45. A
Discussion: The passage notes that commercial incubators heat eggs uniformly, which contrasts with the natural temperature gradient provided by birds. This even heating is suggested to negatively affect the viability of the hatching chicks.
46. D
Discussion: The term "viability" refers to the capacity of the egg to successfully hatch and produce a healthy chick. The closest synonym is "ability to survive," as it directly relates to the survival of the embryo.
47. C
Discussion: The passage discusses how cold weather can chill eggs to the point of embryo death and how direct sunlight can cause fatal overheating. These points highlight the importance of using adequate nesting material to insulate the eggs and maintain proper temperatures.
48. B
Discussion: The text mentions aviculturists suspending wooden boxes outdoors as artificial nests. In this context, "suspend" means to hang or place the boxes in an elevated position.
49. C
Discussion: The passage explains that wooden boxes should be insulated from cold weather and shielded from direct sunlight to avoid extreme temperature conditions that could harm the embryos. This suggests that careful placement of the nests is necessary.
50. D
Discussion: The author is critical of current artificial incubation methods because they fail to replicate natural conditions (e.g., temperature gradient, humidity). However, the tone suggests hope as aviculturists continue to seek better methods to improve egg production and chick survival rates.
In the early hours of the morning, a thick fog enveloped the city. The streets, usually bustling with life, appeared almost deserted, save for the occasional figure who braved the dense mist.
The fog was not merely an inconvenience, but a manifestation of the changing seasons. As winter approached, the weather shifted from the mild temperatures of autumn to the biting cold of the approaching winter. The chill in the air made the fog feel even more oppressive, as though it clung to everything, refusing to dissipate.
The mist was a common sight at this time of year, but the locals had learned to embrace it.
For many, it became a symbol of renewal, a reminder of the natural rhythms of the world.
Despite its murkiness, there was a certain tranquility in the air, a quiet that made everything feel peaceful and still. The fog had a way of turning ordinary streets into ethereal landscapes, where the outlines of familiar buildings seemed to dissolve into the grayness.
1. What does the word "enveloped" most likely mean in the context of the sentence:
"A thick fog enveloped the city"?
a. Exposed b. Covered c. Ignored d. Brightened
2. What is the meaning of "manifestation" as used in: "The fog was not merely an inconvenience, but a manifestation of the changing seasons"?
a. A result b. A reaction
c. A physical representation d. An event
3. Which word is closest in meaning to "chill" in the sentence: "The chill in the air made the fog feel even more oppressive"?
a. Warmth b. Cold c. Fragrance d. Movement
4. What does "cling" most nearly mean in the context of: "As though it clung to everything, refusing to dissipate"?
a. Moved b. Held tightly c. Ignored d. Vanished
5. In the sentence: "The fog was a common sight at this time of year," what does the word "sight" mean?
a. View b. Scene c. Sensation d. Sound
6. What does "ethereal" mean in the sentence: "The fog had a way of turning ordinary streets into ethereal landscapes"?
a. Realistic b. Ghostly c. Boring d. Pleasant
7. What is the meaning of "oppressive" as used in: "The chill in the air made the fog feel even more oppressive"?
a. Light
b. Heavy or stifling c. Comfortable d. Refreshing
8. Which of the following best describes the word "murkiness" in: "Despite its murkiness, there was a certain tranquility in the air"?
a. Clarity
b. Darkness or haziness c. Freshness
d. Cleanliness
9. What does "renewal" mean in the sentence: "For many, it became a symbol of renewal, a reminder of the natural rhythms of the world"?
a. Change b. Disappearance c. Restoration or rebirth d. Destruction
10. What does "tranquility" mean in the sentence: "There was a certain tranquility in the air, a quiet that made everything feel peaceful and still"?
a. Chaos b. Calmness c. Agitation d. Excitement
11. "On a cold winter evening, Sarah decided to make a cup of hot chocolate. She carefully measured the milk and poured it into a saucepan. After heating it on low flame, she added some cocoa powder and sugar. The drink was ready in a few minutes, and Sarah enjoyed every sip of it while reading her favorite book."
What does the word "it" in the text refer to?
a. The saucepan b. The milk
c. The cocoa powder d. The hot chocolate
12. "During their trip to the mountains, Emily and her friends found a small wooden cabin. It was hidden among tall pine trees, and the view from there was breathtaking.
They decided to spend the night inside, using the fireplace to stay warm. The next morning, they woke up early to see the sunrise. It was one of the most beautiful sights they had ever witnessed."
What does the word "It" in the sentence "It was one of the most beautiful sights" refer to?
a. The cabin b. The fireplace
c. The view of the sunrise d. The tall pine trees
13. "James was working on a science project about renewable energy. He read articles about solar power, wind turbines, and hydroelectric dams. Among these, he found solar power the most fascinating. He even presented it to his class as an example of a sustainable energy source."
What does the word "it" in the sentence "He even presented it to his class" refer to?
a. Science project b. Solar power c. Wind turbines d. Hydroelectric dams
14. "Julia was baking a cake for her sister’s birthday. She carefully followed the recipe, measuring the flour, sugar, and butter. After mixing the ingredients, she poured the batter into a pan and placed it in the oven. While waiting, she decorated the table with flowers and balloons. When the cake was done, it smelled amazing, and everyone was excited to taste it."
What does the word "it" in the sentence "it smelled amazing" refer to?
a. The batter b. The pan c. The oven d. The cake
15. "Marcus had a busy day at work. He attended several meetings, prepared reports, and gave a presentation to his team. By the end of the day, he felt exhausted but satisfied with his achievements. His manager praised him for his hard work, which motivated him to keep improving."
What does the word "which" in the text refer to?
a. The busy day
b. The manager's praise c. The presentation d. The reports
16. "My cat, Luna, is very playful. It loves to chase balls and climb trees. Whenever I throw a ball, it runs after it quickly and brings it back to me. Luna also enjoys climbing the tall tree in our backyard, especially in the afternoon when the sun is warm."
What does the word "it" in the text refer to?
a. The ball b. The tree c. Luna, the cat d. The backyard
17. "Rina loves eating fruits, especially apples and oranges. She says they are not only delicious but also healthy. Whenever she visits the market, she always buys them in large quantities. Her younger brother often helps her carry the bags home."
What does the word "they" in the text refer to?
a. The market b. Fruits
c. Apples and oranges d. Bags
18. "Last weekend, my family and I went to the beach. My father brought his fishing rod, and my mother prepared some sandwiches for us to eat. My sister and I played in the water. We had so much fun. Later, my father caught a big fish, and we all cheered for him. It was a wonderful day for everyone."
What does the word "It" in the text refer to?
a. The fishing rod b. The big fish c. The beach d. The day
19. "Tom has a dog named Max. Max is very friendly and loves to meet new people.
Whenever someone visits Tom's house, Max greets them at the door by wagging its tail. Everyone who meets Max says that it is the happiest dog they have ever seen."
What does the word "it" in the text refer to?
a. Tom
b. Max, the dog c. The door d. The visitor
20. "Alice bought a book about gardening. She found it very interesting and decided to start planting flowers in her backyard. The book gave her many useful tips, such as how to take care of the soil and choose the right plants for each season."
What does the word "it" in the text refer to?
a. The backyard b. The flowers c. The book d. The soil
21. What does immersed most likely mean in the sentence: "She was so immersed in her book that she didn't hear the phone ring"?
a. Distracted b. Engaged deeply c. Confused d. Frightened
22. What is the meaning of “diminished"
in the sentence: "The sound of the music gradually diminished as we walked away from the concert"?
a. Increased b. Faded c. Continued d. Echoed
23. Which word is closest in meaning to "serene" in the sentence: "The lake was serene, reflecting the clear blue sky above"?
a. Calm b. Busy c. Noisy d. Chaotic
24. What does "abruptly"
most nearly mean in the sentence: "The train stopped abruptly, throwing passengers off balance"?
a. Gradually b. Suddenly c. Gently d. Slowly
25. In the sentence: "The ancient ruins were a stark reminder of the city's long-lost history," what does "stark" mean?
a. Vivid b. Faint c. Hidden d. Joyful
26. What does ”radiant" most likely mean in the sentence: "Her smile was radiant, lighting up the entire room"?
a. Dull b. Bright c. Hidden d. Sad
27. Which word is closest in meaning to "hovered" in the sentence: "The helicopter hovered over the field before landing"?
a. Floated b. Fell c. Sank d. Crashed
28. What does "withstood" most nearly mean in the sentence: "The old building withstood the heavy winds of the storm"?
a. Collapsed b. Endured c. Ignored d. Shook
29. In the sentence: "The child's laughter echoed through the empty hall," what does "echoed" mean?
a. Faded b. Repeated c. Stopped d. Softened
30. What does "veiled" most likely mean in the sentence: "The mountain's peak was veiled by a layer of thin clouds"?
a. Hidden b. Exposed c. Strengthened d. Brightened
The young artist was ecstatic when she finally received recognition for her work. Her paintings, which vividly depict the vibrancy of urban life, had gone unnoticed for years.
However, after a prominent art critic praised her recent exhibition, her career skyrocketed.
She now receives invitations to showcase her work globally.”
31. What is the meaning of the word “ecstatic” as used in the passage?
a. Confused
b. Extremely happy c. Indifferent d. Disappointed
32. The word “vibrancy” in the passage most likely means a. Dullness
b. Energy and brightness c. Mystery
d. Complexity
33. What does “skyrocketed” suggest about the artist’s career?
a. It improved slowly.
b. It declined rapidly.
c. It improved dramatically and quickly.
d. It stayed the same.
34. The word “prominent” in the passage is closest in meaning to a. Unknown
b. Important and well-known c. Reserved
d. Unreliable
35. The term “exhibition” refers to a. A written essay
b. A display of art c. A type of competition d. A global event
36. What does “she” in the first sentence of the passage refer to?
a. A critic
b. The young artist c. A friend
d. A global audience
37. To whom does the “prominent art critic” refer in the passage?
a. The artist herself
b. A well-known art reviewer c. The audience at the exhibition d. Another young artist
38. What is “her recent exhibition” referring to?
a. A new set of paintings by the artist b. A competition she entered
c. Her debut art class
d. A global award she received
39. What does “her career skyrocketed” imply about the young artist’s situation after receiving recognition?
a. She gained fame and success quickly.
b. Her career took years to develop.
c. She decided to stop painting.
d. She struggled to gain recognition.
40. The phrase “showcase her work globally” means a. Share her art with international audiences b. Compete in global art events
c. Display her work only locally d. Create new paintings every month
In recent years, the use of gadgets has become an integral part of daily life for people around the world. Smartphones, tablets, and laptops are now essential tools for communication, work, and entertainment. With just a few taps or clicks, people can connect with others, manage tasks, and access a vast amount of information. However, the convenience provided by these gadgets comes with some concerns, such as the potential for addiction and the negative impact on face- to-face interactions.
Many people find themselves constantly checking their devices, even when spending time with family or friends. This has led to concerns about the decline in personal connections and the erosion of social skills. Some argue that excessive gadget use may result in a loss of meaningful relationships and contribute to feelings of loneliness or isolation. On the other hand, gadgets also offer the ability to maintain long-distance relationships, access educational resources, and stay connected with the world.
While gadgets offer undeniable advantages, it is important to use them in moderation. The key lies in finding a balance between the benefits of technology and the need for genuine human interaction. Technology should enhance our lives, not replace the personal connections that are vital for our emotional well-being.
41. According to the text, what is one of the concerns about the use of gadgets?
a. They make communication more difficult.
b. They can lead to addiction and affect personal relationships.
c. They are too expensive for most people to afford.
d. They are only useful for entertainment purposes.
42. How do gadgets help people stay connected, according to the text?
a. By offering a substitute for face-to-face interaction.
b. By allowing people to communicate and access information remotely.
c. By encouraging people to spend more time alone.
d. By improving physical health.
43. What is suggested as a negative effect of excessive gadget use?
a. Improved social skills.
b. Enhanced educational opportunities.
c. Decline in personal connections and loneliness.
d. Increase in physical activity.
44. According to the text, what is the main advantage of gadgets?
a. They provide endless entertainment.
b. They help people stay connected and informed.
c. They are only useful for work.
d. They eliminate the need for face-to-face communication.
45. What does the text suggest about the use of gadgets in social settings?
a. They should be used constantly to improve communication.
b. They should be used sparingly to avoid affecting personal connections.
c. They should be avoided completely in social settings.
d. They should replace face-to-face interactions entirely.
46. What does the author suggest as a solution to the potential drawbacks of gadget use?
a. Using gadgets as much as possible to stay connected.
b. Balancing the benefits of gadgets with real-life social interactions.
c. Relying on gadgets exclusively for communication.
d. Avoiding gadgets entirely for a better life.
47. According to the text, why is it important to have face-to-face interactions?
a. They help improve gadget performance.
b. They are essential for emotional well-being.
c. They allow people to avoid technology.
d. They reduce the cost of gadgets.
48. What is the text's overall view on the use of gadgets?
a. Gadgets should be banned to preserve social relationships.
b. Gadgets should only be used for work purposes.
c. Gadgets should be used in moderation to enhance life and maintain relationships.
d. Gadgets are harmful and should be avoided at all costs.
49. What role do gadgets play in long-distance relationships, according to the text?
a. They make it easier to form new relationships.
b. They help people stay connected despite physical distance.
c. They are not useful in maintaining relationships.
d. They replace the need for long-distance communication.
50. What does the text imply about the relationship between technology and social skills?
a. Technology improves social skills by facilitating constant communication.
b. Technology can harm social skills by reducing face-to-face interaction.
c. Technology has no impact on social skills.
d. Technology helps develop better social skills than personal interactions.
KEY ANSWERS and DISCUSSIONS Number 1-10
1. Answer: b) Covered
Pembahasan: "Enveloped" means to surround something completely, much like how fog completely covers the city.
2. Answer: c) A physical representation Pembahasan:
"Manifestation" refers to something that appears or becomes evident. Here, the fog is a physical symbol of the changing seasons.
3. Answer: b) Cold
Pembahasan: "Chill" refers to coldness, as the sentence talks about the cold air.
4. Answer: b) Held tightly
Pembahasan: "Cling" means to stick closely to something, implying the fog was tightly surrounding everything.
5. Answer: a) View
Pembahasan: "Sight" refers to something that can be seen, so it means the fog is commonly visible.
6. Answer: b) Ghostly
Pembahasan: "Ethereal" means something delicate or otherworldly, fitting the description of the transformed streets.
7. Answer: b) Heavy or stifling
Pembahasan: "Oppressive" refers to something that is overwhelming or hard to bear, as the fog and chill made it difficult to be outside.
8. Answer: b) Darkness or haziness
Pembahasan: "Murkiness" refers to something being unclear, dark, or hazy, like the fog in this context.
9. Answer: c) Restoration or rebirth
Pembahasan: "Renewal" refers to the act of restoring or starting anew, suggesting that the fog symbolizes a fresh start or season change
10. Answer: b) Calmness
Pembahasan: "Tranquility" refers to a state of calmness or peace, fitting the description of the atmosphere during the fog.
Number 11-20
11. Answer: b. The milk
Explanation: The word "it" in the sentence "She carefully measured the milk and poured it into a saucepan" refers to "the milk," which is the object being measured and poured.
12. Answer: c. The view of the sunrise
Explanation: The word "it" in the sentence refers to "the sunrise," which is described as one of the most beautiful views.
13. Answer: b. Solar power
Explanation: The word "it" refers to "solar power," which was mentioned earlier as the most interesting energy source to James.
14. Answer: d. The cake
Explanation: The word "it" refers to "the cake," which has just been baked and is the focus of the previous sentence.
15. Answer: b. The manager's praise
Explanation: The word "which" refers to "His manager praised him for his hard work," a clause in the previous sentence. This praise motivated Marcus to continue improving.
16. Answer: c. Luna, the cat
Explanation: The word "it" refers to Luna, the main subject of the story. In English, animals are often referred to as "it" unless their gender is emphasized.
17. Answer: c. Apples and oranges
Explanation: The word "they" is used to refer to the plural nouns "apples and oranges," mentioned earlier in the text.
18. Answer: d. The day
Explanation: The word "it" in the last sentence refers to "a wonderful day," which is the subject of the previous sentence.
19. Answer: b. Max, the dog
Explanation: The word "it" is used to replace the name Max, as Max is an animal.
In English, animals are often referred to as "it."
20. Answer: c. The book
Explanation: The word "it" refers to "a book about gardening," which was
mentioned at the beginning of the text and replaced by "it" in the second sentence.
21. Answer: b. Engaged deeply
Explaination: Immersed means being completely focused or absorbed in something, which fits the context of her reading a book.
Number 21-30
22. Answer: b. Faded
Explaination: Diminished means to reduce or become less, which describes the music growing quieter as they moved away.
23. Answer: a. Calm
Explaination: Serene means peaceful and calm, matching the description of the lake.
24. Answer: b. Suddenly
Explaination: Abruptly means to happen suddenly or unexpectedly, describing the train’s stop.
25. Answer: a. Vivid
Explaination: Stark means striking or clear, which describes how the ruins reminded people of the city’s history.
26. Answer: b. Bright
Explaination: Radiant means glowing or shining brightly, which fits the description of her smile.
27. Answer: a. Floated
Explaination: Hovered means to stay in one place in the air, like the helicopter before landing.
28. Answer: b. Endured
Explaination: Withstood means to resist or endure, describing how the building survived the storm.
29. Answer: b. Repeated
Explaination: Echoed refers to a sound being repeated, matching the context of laughter in the empty hall.
30. Answer: a. Hidden
Explaination: Veiled means covered or partially hidden, as the peak is obscured by clouds.
Number 31-40
31. Answer: b. Extremely happy
Explaination: The passage describes the artist’s reaction to receiving recognition, which indicates she was thrilled and overjoyed. “Ecstatic” fits this context.
32. Answer: b. Energy and brightness
Explaination: The phrase “vibrancy of urban life” refers to the lively and colorful nature of city life, making “energy and brightness” the correct choice.
33. Answer: c. It improved dramatically and quickly.
Explaination: The passage states that the artist’s career took off after the critic’s praise, indicating rapid and significant progress.
34. Answer: b. Important and well-known
Explaination: The word “prominent” is used to describe the art critic, implying they are influential and widely recognized.
35. Answer: b. A display of art
Explaination: The passage mentions that the artist’s paintings were displayed and praised, clearly referring to an art exhibition.
36. Answer: b. The young artist
Explaination: The subject of the passage is the young artist, so “she” refers to her.
37. Answer: b. A well-known art reviewer
Explaination: The critic is described as someone who praised the artist’s work, which matches the role of an art reviewer.
38. Answer: a. A new set of paintings by the artist
Explaination: The passage indicates that the artist showcased her paintings at an exhibition, which led to her recognition.
39. Answer: a. She gained fame and success quickly.
Explaination: The term “skyrocketed” suggests rapid improvement, which aligns with her newfound fame and opportunities.
40. Answer: a. Share her art with international audiences
Explaination: The term “globally” implies presenting her work on an international scale, making this the best choice.
41. Answer : a. They can lead to addiction and affect personal relationships.
Explanation: is correct because the text highlights concerns about addiction and how
42. Answer : b. By allowing people to communicate and access information
remotely. Explanation: is correct because gadgets help people communicate and access information remotely, making it easier to stay connected.
43. Answer : c. Decline in personal connections and loneliness.
Explanation: is correct as the text mentions how excessive gadget use can result in a decline in personal connections and lead to feelings of loneliness.
44. Answer : b. They help people stay connected and informed.
Explanation: is correct because the main advantage of gadgets discussed is their ability to help people stay connected and informed.
45. Answer : b. They should be used sparingly to avoid affecting personal connections.
Explanation: is correct because the text suggests that using gadgets sparingly in social settings is important to maintain personal connections.
46. Answer : b. Balancing the benefits of gadgets with real-life social interactions.
Explanation: is correct as the author suggests balancing the benefits of gadgets with face-to-face interactions to avoid potential negative effects.
47. Answer : b. They are essential for emotional well-being.
Explanation: is correct because the text states that face-to-face interaction is crucial for emotional well-being.
48. Answer : c. Gadgets should be used in moderation to enhance life and maintain relationships.
Explanation: is correct because the text advocates using gadgets in moderation to enhance life while maintaining relationships.
49. Answer : b. They help people stay connected despite physical distance.
Explanation: is correct because the text mentions that gadgets help people maintain long-distance relationships by staying connected.
50. Answer : b. Technology can harm social skills by reducing face-to-face
interaction. Explanation: is correct because the text warns that overuse of gadgets may harm social skills by reducing face-to-face interaction.
Time- 55 minutes
(Including the reading of the directions).
Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by a number of questions about it. You are to choose the one best answer, (A), (B), (C), or (D), to each question.
Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
Passage for question numbers 1 to 5
The face of education has completely changed in the wake of technology these days.
Integration of technology, from online learning platforms to interactive tools in the classroom, has made education not only more accessible but also engaging. Much information is available at the students' fingertips, enabling them to study accordingly and in their own personalized way.
Educators also use technology to interact with teaching. Moreover, this has brought new normalities of whiteboards, tablets, and learning apps to classes, enabling young minds through the use of groups and imagination.
On the other hand, it reflects the emergence of the digital gap, where equality in exposure to computers may not meet the same end with students. Meeting these challenges will be integral if technology is to be a means of empowerment rather than a barrier to learning. The bottom line is that, overall, the developments in technology have indeed enhanced education if equity was ensured.
1. What is this passage mainly telling us?
(a) To address the challenges as related to online learning (b) To present how technology modifies education
(c) To tell them about how education tools have come their own self (d) To narrate the role of the teachers in a modern-day classroom 2. The term "digital divide", according to the passage, would here imply?
(a) The gulf between those with technology access and the others (b) The distinction between learning with or without a computer (c) Levels of skills using computers and other electronics
(d) Dividing the Institutions in the name of Use of Technology
3. In the sentence, "Addressing these challenges is essential if technology is to act as an empowering agent," what does "these" refer to?
(a) Educational institutions
(b) Problems of access to technology (c) Teaching methods
(d) Interactive tools
4. Which of the following, according to the passage, is NOT a benefit of technology in education?
(a) Access to information is increased.
(b) Students' collaboration becomes more effective.
(c) Better physical health of the students.
(d) Learning in a personalized manner.
5. Which one of the following examples represents, according to the passage, the usage of technology in classrooms?
(a) Usage of textbooks
(b) Reliance on conventional teaching methods (c) Use of interactive whiteboards and tablets (d) Reduced engagement of students in learning
Passage for question numbers 6 to 9
Art has always played an important role in shaping up a society and its culture. From the ancient cave paintings to the modern-day installations, art is a reflection of the values, beliefs, and struggles of the community. It is a mode of expression whereby individuals are able to show complicated emotions and ideas that one often finds difficult to put into words.
But art can make a difference, too. Many artists use their works to raise consciousness about social issues and to inspire thought and conversation. Large-scale murals in cities reflect perspectives on community identity, social justice, and the environment. Understanding art creates an opportunity to know different views and experiences that stir empathy and understanding across diversified populations. In this way, art is not a source of amusement; it acts more crucially as a medium for social reflection and transformation. Since it can foment emotions in people, it will always be part of human culture.
6. What is the main purpose of the passage?
(a) To describe the history of different forms of art.
(b) To discuss the importance of art to society.
(c) To analyze the techniques used in modern art.
(d) To propagate different artistic movements.
7. The word "provoke" can be best replaced by which of the following in the passage?
(a) Encourage (b) Challenge (c) Dismiss (d) Inspire
8. In the sentence, "Many artists use their work to raise awareness about social issues," what does "their" refer to?
(a) Audiences (b) Communities (c) Artists (d) Social issues
9. Which of the following does the passage NOT list as a function of art?
(a) To entertain
(b) To foster social reform
(c) To support artists economically
(d) To express and/or document cultural beliefs
Passage for question numbers 10 to 15
Social media has completely transformed the way people communicate and engage with each other. With the help of sites like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, people are now able to share experiences and opinions with friends and family, in real time. This immediate communication creates relationships and communities across boundaries.
This came with many questions about the quality of communication, especially with the advent of social media. Critics feel that online communication is superficial because such conversations lack the depth that one face-to-face could afford. Furthermore, with the prevalence of misinformation on these platforms, the credibility of information being spread is called to question.
However, with these challenges, social media has grown to be part and parcel of modern communication. It allows a voice for the voiceless and provides the fastest avenues of information dissemination during protests or natural calamities. In the growth of society within this digital era, knowing how social media has influenced communication becomes imperative.
10. What is the main idea of the passage?
(a) The benefits of social media in personal relationships.
(b) The fears that the quality of communication via social media is deteriorating.
(c) The overall impact of social media on modern communication.
(d) The changing means of communication.
11. Which is a listed benefit of social media?
(a) Superficial interactions
(b) Instant communication across distances (c) Increased misinformation
(d) Decreased community building
12. The word "superficial" in line 5 most closely means?
(a) Deep (b) Shallow (c) Meaningful (d) Informative
13. What does "online interactions" mean in the sentence, "Critics argue that online interactions can be superficial"?
(a) Communication via social networking sites (b) Face-to-face conversations
(c) Letters
(d) Telephone calls
14. Which of the following most accurately characterizes the author's view of social media?
(a) It has a completely negative effect on communication (b) It is a tool with both benefits and drawbacks
(c) It is a fad and will eventually fade away
(d) It is an unnecessary ornamentation to human interaction
15. The author mentions misinformation in the passage because?
(a) To indicate a major social media advantage
(b) To point to one of the key issues in virtual communication (c) Because all information through social media is unreliable (d) As the use of social media needs to be prohibited
Passage for question numbers 16 to 20
Everything changed the very teaching and learning tools, but most importantly, it changed how education is imparted. This includes online courses, educational applications, and interactive websites, where the students are being introduced to a whole new level of access to resources and learning at an individual pace. Technology made education accessible, particularly for students residing in areas pretty inaccessible to good schooling facilities.
However, the integration of technology into the learning environment also raises several concerns about digital equity. Not all students have equal access to devices or the internet, and this potentially creates imbalances in the opportunities to learn. Thereby, educators have to be visionary in finding ways to bridge this gulf so that all students benefit from advancements in technology.
16. What is the main idea of the passage?
(a) Advantages of traditional methods of education
(b) Technology and its impact on education and issues of equity (c) A brief history of technology in education
(d) Technology put to work in the classroom
17. According to the reading, which of the following is one of the ways in which technology has improved education?
(a) It has eliminated the need for teachers.
(b) It has made available a range of resources.
(c) It has standardized the curriculum.
(d) It has made education less costly.
18. The expression "digital equity" used in line 6 means?
a) Equal access to digital devices and the internet b) The fairness of digital content
c) The quality of online education
d) Affordability of technology
19. The word "they" used in line 5 refers to?
a) Students b) Resources c) Educators d) Devices
20. The author may be inferred to believe?
(a) Technology should exclusively be used in education
(b) The digital divide needs to be surmounted for equity in education.
(c) All students have equal access to technology (d) Traditional teaching methods are archaic
Passage for questions 21 - 25
The rise of e-commerce has transformed the way people shop and conduct business. Online platforms such as marketplaces, direct-to-consumer websites, and social media have become essential tools for modern commerce.
These platforms allow businesses to reach global audiences while offering consumers the convenience of shopping from anywhere at any time. However, the rapid growth of e- commerce has also led to challenges such as cybersecurity threats, the digital divide, and the environmental impact of increased packaging and shipping. To address these issues, companies have started investing in secure payment systems, expanding internet access in underserved areas, and adopting sustainable practices such as using biodegradable packaging materials. Despite these efforts, the evolution of e-commerce continues to pose both opportunities and challenges for businesses and society alike.
21. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The benefits and challenges of e-commerce in modern business B. How traditional businesses are adapting to online marketplaces C. The history of online shopping platforms
D. Methods to improve global internet access
22. According to the passage, what is one major benefit of e-commerce?
A. Reduced operational costs for businesses
