Cross Culture Leadership:
Indonesian and Lampung Contexts
Dr. Ayi Ahadiat, MBA
Department of Management
Faculty of Economics and Business, The University of Lampung
Name : Dr. Ayi Ahadiat, MBA Education : Degree Training:
Undergraduate: Sarjana in Management Studies, Faculty of Economics, The University of Lampung, year of achievement 1990
Master Degree: Master of Business Administration (MBA), Haworth College of Business, Western Michigan University, USA, year of achievement 1994
Doctorate Degree: Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia sandwich program with Gatton College of Business and Economics, The University of Kentucky, USA.
Non Degree Training:
Economics Institute, Boulder, Colorado USA, 1992, Short Courses on Pre MBA Program
Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Bangkok Thailand, 2000, Short Course on Management the Information Resources Center (MIR)
IT’S ME
Description
• No unified theory for culture and leadership.
• We can only discuss culture and talk about its impact on leadership.
Description
• Globalization is central to the discussion of culture and leadership.
– The increased interdependence (economic, social, and political) between nations.
Description
• Globalization has created three challenges:
– The design of effective multinational organizations.
– The identification and selection of leaders for these organizations.
– The management of organizations with culturally diverse employees.
Description
• The development of leadership competence in cross-cultural awareness and practice.
• Leaders must develop six cross-cultural
competences.
Six Cross-Cultural Competencies
1. Leaders must understand business, political, and cultural environments worldwide.
2. Leaders must learn the perspectives, tastes, trends, and technologies of many other cultures.
3. Leaders must be able to work simultaneously with people from many cultures.
Six Cross-Cultural Competencies
4. Leaders must be able to adapt to living and communicating in other cultures.
5. Leaders must learn to relate to people from other cultures from a position of equality.
6. Leaders must be skilled in creating transcultural visions.
Culture Defined
• The learned beliefs, values, rules, norms,
symbols, and traditions that are common to a group of people.
• Shared qualities make a group unique.
• Culture is dynamic and transmitted to others.
Culture Defined
• Multicultural implies an approach or system that takes more than one culture into account.
• Multicultural can also refer to a set of subcultures defined by race, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and age.
• Diversity refers to the existence of different cultures or ethnicities within a group or organization.
Related Concepts
• Ethnocentrism is the tendency for individuals to place their own group (ethnic, racial, or cultural) at the center of their observations of others and the world, that their own culture is better or more natural than others.
• Ethnocentrism is an obstacle to effective leadership because it prevents people from fully understanding or respecting the world view of others.
Related Concepts
• Prejudice is a largely fixed attitude, belief, or emotion held by an individual about another individual or
group based on faulty or unsubstantiated data.
• Prejudices are based on previous decisions and experiences, and involve inflexible generalizations that are resistant to change or evidence to the contrary.
Related Concepts
• Prejudice creates leadership problems by being self- oriented, rather than other-oriented, and by limiting the leader’s ability to see multiple perspectives.
• Prejudice also limits the leader’s ability to manage followers by requiring negotiation across follower’s prejudices.
GL OBE
• Global Leadership & Organizational Behavior Effectiveness
– Robert House (1991)
– Purpose: Increase understanding of cross-cultural interactions and the impact of culture on leadership effectiveness
– Quantitative methodology
• Responses of 17,000 managers; 950 organizations; 62 cultures – 9 cultural dimensions – 7 derived from Hofstede
Dimensions of Culture
• GLOBE Study of 62 Societies.
• Global Leadership and Organizational Behavioral Effectiveness.
• Responses of 17,000 managers in 950 organizations representing 62 different cultures.
GLOBE
•
For each of the nine dimensions, items were
developed at both the societal and organizational level
•
2 measures were used for all 9 dimensions:
– Items phrased in terms of the society or organization as they are
– Items phrased to evaluate what practices should be enacted in the society or organization
SOURCE: Adapted from House, R.J., Hanges, P.J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W., & Gupta, V., Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies, copyright © 2004, Sage Publications, Inc. Reprinted with permission.
Characteristics of Clusters
Global Leadership Behaviors
1. Charismatic/value-based leadership: Ability to
inspire, motivate, and expect high performance from others based on strongly held core values
• Visionary
• Inspirational
• Self-sacrificing
• Trustworthy
• Decisive
• Performance oriented
Global Leadership Behaviors
2. Team-oriented leadership: Emphasizes team building and a common purpose among team members
• Collaborative
• Integrative
• Diplomatic
• Administratively competent
Global Leadership Behaviors
3. Participative leadership: The degree to which leaders involve others in making and implementing decisions
• Participative
• Nonautocratic
4. Human oriented leadership: Emphasizes being
supportive, considerate, compassionate, & generous
• Modesty
• Sensitivity to people
Global Leadership Behaviors
5. Autonomous leadership: Refers to independent and individualistic leadership
• Autonomous
• Unique
6. Self-protective leadership: Reflects behaviors that ensure the safety & security of the leader & and the group
• Self-centered
• Status conscious
• Conflict inducing
• Face saving
Universally Desirable Leadership Attributes
Universally Undesirable Leadership Attributes
SAMPLES OF
LEADERS IN INDONESIA BUSINESS, POLITIC,
AND SOCIAL CONTEXT
FOREIGN SUCCESSFUL BUSINESS LEADER
Erik Meijer
President Director , CEO
Since 2015
Managing the Indonesian Joint Venture company between the largest telecom operators of Indonesia and Australia:
PT Telkom Indonesia and Telstra.
He is also the Country Managing Director Indonesia for Telstra.
LEADERS AND THEIR ROLES IN SOCIETIES
Traditional & Formal Leader
TGB: Formal and Religious Leader
SANDIAGA UNO:
Vice Governor of Jakarta & Business Man
Young Political Leaders in Lampung
• M Ridho Ficardo
• Governor of Lampung
• 37 Years Old
EMERGING INDONESIA DIGITAL
BUSINESS LEADERS
Four Unicorn Companies
(Trillion Rupiah or USD Billion )
Line of Businesses
CEOs
LAMPUNG
TOURISM SPOTS
STRATEGIC POSITION of LAMPUNG PROVINCE
Bandar Lampung
Jakarta Bakauheni
Merak
Area :
Total : 51.991 Km2
Land Area : 35.288,35 Km2 Long Shorelines 1.185 km2, Island 132 (Source : marine and fisheries ministry survey,
Sunda Strait
B A P P E D A
Provinsi Lampung
1st Segment : Terbanggi besar – South Sumatra Borderline, 100 km.
2ndSegment : Bakauheni – Terbanggi Besar, 139 Km includes 3 sections :
• Bakauheni - Babatan (54,15 km)
• Babatan – Tegineneng (46,50 km)
• Tegineneng - Terbanggi Besar (38,35 km) Divided into 2 Segments
ground breaking by
The President of The Republic of Indonesia on 30th April 2015 and is targeted to be operational by 2018
Development Progress
Existing :
Development Plan :
Pekon Serai as a Commercial
PEKON SERAI AIRPORT DEVELOPMENT
Existing: 6 HARBORS
EXECUTIVE HARBOR AT MERAK AND BAKAUHENI
DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Executive Harbor at Bakauheni and Merak are dedicated for tourism services
B A P P E D A
Provinsi Lampung
Development Plan :
Radin Inten II Airport will have became Internasional Airport
geographical location:
103o40' -- 105o50' BT 6o45' -- 3o45' LS
borderline:
North : South Sumatera And Bengkulu South : Sunda Strait East : Java Strait
B A P P E D A
Provinsi Lampung
47,103 58,205 75,590 95,528 114,907 155,053
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2,285,630 2,581,165
3,392,125
4,327,188
5,530,803 7,381,774
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
International Tourists Domestic Tourists
DAYA SAING KUNJUNGAN WISATAWAN NUSANTARA
Lampung merupakan destinasi Wisatawan Nusantara ke-9 secara nasional
Per Oktober 2017 jumlah kunjungan wisatawan
Nusantara ke- Provinsi Lampung sebesar 8,8 juta
B A P P E D A
Provinsi Lampung
PERTUMBUHANHOTEL
9% 20%
2013
2013 20142014 20152015
183 200 239 261
0 100 200 300
2013 2014 2015 2016
Pertumbuhan Hotel
2016
9%
PERTUMBUHAN HOTEL & TINGKAT HUNIAN KAMAR HOTEL
58.32 55.33 54.20
45.42 52.04 39.48 41.81 36.86 35.93 39.11
0.00 25.00 50.00 75.00 100.00
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
TINGKAT HUNIAN KAMAR HOTEL (%)
HOTEL BINTANG HOTEL MELATI
3 KAWASAN
WISATA
3 Cores Tourist
Destinations
Pelabuhan Ketapang
KAWASAN WISATA TERINTEGRASI
TELUK LAMPUNG
KAWASAN WISATA TERINTEGRASI
TELUK LAMPUNG
Teluk Nipah Pelabuhan Terpadu Lempasing
KEK Kalianda Stasiun Keretaapi TK
Gunung Anak Krakatau Sebagai Daya Tarik Wisata Utama
Marina Tahura WAR
Pelabuhan Bakauheni Terintegrasi
dengan pulau-pulau kecil di Teluk Lampung P.Kelagian
P.Pahawang Tanjung Pustus
P.Tegal
P. Legundi
P. Sebesi P. Sebuku P.Tangkil
P.Maitem
P. Siuncal
1
Taman Hutan Raya Wan Abdul Rahman, Kota Bandar
Lampung, Pesisir Pantai Teluk Betung-Pesawaran, serta Pulau- pulau kecil di wilayah perairan Teluk Lampung dan Selat Sunda
Sparkling Krakatoa
ZONA PEMANFAATAN YOUTH CAMP ZONA PEMANFAATAN SUMBER AGUNG
Mendorong masuknya investasi dalam Pembangunan Theme Park/Beach Front Sight Seeing/Glamour Camping
(Glamping)//Cafe & Resto/Gift Shop/Cable Car
Saat ini sedang dilakukan pembangunan Camping Groud, Pusat Kuliner dan
Souvenir, Pergola
PAHAWANG
Island
KELAGIAN
Island
€€€
PANTAI TELUK NIPAH
PANTAI SARI RINGGUNG
Sparkling Krakatoa
Krakatoa erupted in 1883. The explosion is considered to be the loudest sound ever
KILUAN BAY
BATU LAYAR BEACH
KILUAN BAY
KAWASAN WISATA PANTAI BARAT LAMPUNG
Kawasan Wisata Pantai Barat Lampung yang meliputi Teluk
2
SUNSET on TANJUNG SETIA BEACH
KOTA KARANG BEACH
ASAT, TEMBAKAK
NATIONAL PARK
AIR TERJUN SEPAPAH KIRI,
SEPAPAH KANAN
DANAU RANAU
Agrowisata Kopi
JALAN MENUJU PANTAI BARAT
Existing :
Development Plan :
Pekon Serai as a Commercial Airport with direct flight from
PEKON SERAI AIRPORT DEVELOPMENT
Existing:
Class : Stage I 2B, Stage II 3C
Area : 75,6 Ha
Runway : 1.214 m x 23 m
(will be developed to 2.200 x 30m) Taxiway : 98 m x 18 m
Max load : Hercules C-130 Flight Service : Pioneer Aviation
Radin Inten II – Krui – Bengkulu (3 times per weeks)
TAUFIK KIEMAS AIRPORT, PESISIR BARAT
Rencana Pengembangan
Bandara Taufik Kiemas sebagai Bandara Komersial dengan penerbangan langsung dari Jakarta dan
ACCESSIBILITY AND CONNECTIVITY
Sumatera Cross-west Highway Bandar Lampung – Krui
7 hours 225 Km by Land
WAY KAMBAS
NATIONAL PARK
Taman Nasional Way Kambas merupakan ASEAN HERRITAGE PARK dan salah satu dari
sepuluh program Nasional ‘Ayo Ke Taman Nasional’
Total area 125.619 Ha (6.931 Ha merupakan Zona Pemanfaatan)
Destinasi Pariwisata Daerah Taman Nasional Way Kambas (TNWK) dan sekitarnya merupakan destinasi yang Sumatra Elepahant
3
• Zona Inti 53.995 Ha
• Zona Rimba 55.693 ha
• Zona Pemanfaatan 6.931 ha
• Zona Khusus 9.000 ha
Lima Tipe EKosistem Dalam Satu Lokasi
Riparian
Hutan Rawa Mangrove
Pantai Hutan Hujan Tropis
TELUK NIPAH
TOURISM SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE
Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Provinsi Lampung Jl. R.W. Monginsidi No. 223 Bandar Lampung
Telp. (0721) 485458 Fax. (0721) 486396 Website : www.bappeda.lampungprov.go.id
LAMPUNG KRAKATAU FESTIVAL
Agenda Tahunan pada Minggu IV Agustus
LAMPUNG KRAKATAU FESTIVAL
Agenda Tahunan pada Minggu IV Agustus
DISAMPAIKAN OLEH : DINAS PARIWISATA PROVINSI LAMPUNG
Pada Rakor Ditpamobvit Polda Lampung Bandar Lampung, 26 Oktober 2017
