Supplemental Data
Supplemental Methods Resting State Paradigm
Participants underwent structural (sMRI) and functional (fMRI) scanning that included resting state procedures and emotion regulation and conditioning tasks (reports forthcoming). Resting- state scans always occurred prior to tasks. Subjects were positioned in the MR scanner with their heads comfortably restrained to reduce head movement. Participants lay supine in the fMRI scanner and wore glasses with built-in mirrors (NordicNeuro Labs) in order to view the projected stimuli inside the scanner. Heart rate was measured by pulse oximetry (attached to right index finger), and respiratory rate was measured by a pressure belt worn around the participant's abdomen.
Data Acquisition
After subjects were positioned in the scanner, a T1-weighted low resolution structural image was acquired approximately parallel to the AC-PC line [gradient recall echo sequence (GRE),
repetition time (TR) = 250 ms, echo time (TE) = 5.7 ms, flip angle (FA) = 90°, 2 averages, field
of view (FOV) = 22 cm, matrix = 256 × 256, slice thickness = 3 mm, 40 axial slices to cover the
whole brain], which was identical to the prescription of the functional acquisitions. Functional
images were acquired with a T2*-weighted, reverse spiral acquisition sequence (gradient recall
echo, TR = 2000 ms, TE = 30 ms, FA = 90°, FOV = 22 cm, matrix = 64 × 64, slice thickness = 3
mm with no gap, 40 axial slices to cover the whole brain, acquisition voxel size = 3 × 3 × 3 mm)
which has been shown (1) to minimize signal drop-out in regions such as ventral striatum and orbitofrontal cortex that are vulnerable to susceptibility artifact. The intermediate template and fMRI images were acquired using a GE Quadrature sending and receiving head coil. Four initial volumes were discarded from each run to allow for equilibration of the scanner signal. A high- quality T1-weighted structural image was obtained with a 3-D Volume Inversion Recovery Fast Spoiled Gradient Recall Echo (IR-FSPGR) protocol (TR = 12.3 ms, TE = 5.2 ms, FA = 9°, TI = 650 ms, FOV = 26 cm, matrix = 256 × 256 for in-plane resolution of 1 mm; slice thickness = 1 mm with no gap, 160 contiguous axial slices to cover the whole brain), using an eight-channel GE Phase Array receiving head coil.
Preprocessing of fMRI data
An initial series of pre-processing steps was carried out. First, we removed k-space outliers in raw data that were two standard deviations away from the mean and substituted them with the average value from neighboring voxels. Next, a B
0field map was used in the reconstruction of the images to remove the distortions that resulted from magnetic field inhomogeneity [IEEE- TIME, 10:629-637, 1991]. The variance due to physiological responses (i.e., cardiac and respiratory sources) was removed using regression (2). The data were then slice-time corrected using FSL slicetimer (3) and realigned using MCFLIRT in FSL (4). Additional pre-processing and image analysis were performed in SPM5 (Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, London, UK; http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk). First the T2 overlay was co-registered to the
functional images, and then the high-resolution T1 image was co-registered to overlay. Second, T1 images were normalized to the scalped T1 template and the functional volumes were
normalized to the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) template using the previously
computed transformation matrix. Third, images were smoothed using an isotropic 5 mm full- width-half maximum (FWHM) Gaussian kernel.
Supplemental Results
PTSD without comorbid major depression (n=8) versus Controls
Compared to the combined control group, the subset of PTSD participants without comorbid
depression exhibited reduced within-network default network connectivity (reduced PCC to
rostral anterior cingulate cortex connectivity; [12,51,12]; k = 15; Z = 3.4; p =.04, SVC),
increased within-network salience network connectivity (increased left anterior insula to left
posterior insula connectivity; [-36,3,-9]; k = 29; Z = 3.72; p = .007, SVC), and increased cross-
network connectivity: DMN regions showed increased connectivity to SN regions (PCC to
putamen [27,-12,3]; k = 16; Z = 3.79; p < .001 and right insula [42,-3,3]; k = 5; Z = 2.87; p = .
001, SVC); and vmPFC to supplementary motor area [15,-15,72]; k = 7; Z = 4.0; p < .001) and
SN regions showed increased connectivity to DMN regions (left anterior insula to bilateral
hippocampus [36,-9,-18]; k = 20; Z = 3.5; p = .004, SVC; [-27,-15,-18]; k = 12; Z = 3.34; p < .
001, SVC).
Supplemental Table 1: Connectivity results from single-group whole-brain voxel-wise analysis of combat-exposed controls (n=15).
Contrast Map and Brain Region Cluster
Size
MNI Coordinates
(x,y,z)
Analysis (z)
PCC Positive Connectivity in Combat-exposed Controls
Bilateral Precuneus/Mid Cingulate/Posterior Cingulate/Calcarine
Gyrus/Left Cuneus/Cerebellum/Right Lingual Gyrus 1720 3, -51, 33 7.31
Bilateral Superior Medial Frontal Gyrus/Superior Frontal Gyrus/Anterior
Cingulate/ Orbital Medial Frontal Gyrus/Middle Frontal Gyrus 2118 3, 51, 12 5.74 Left Angular Gyrus/Middle Occipital Gyrus/Inferior Parietal Lobule 442 -48, -66, 27 5.66 Right Angular Gyrus/Middle Temporal Gyrus/Middle Occipital
Gyrus/Inferior Parietal Lobule/Superior Temporal Gyrus 338 51, -66, 33 5.62 Right Middle Temporal Gyrus/Inferior Temporal Gyrus/Superior
Temporal Gyrus 86 57, -9, -24 4.86
Left Inferior Temporal Gyrus/Middle Temporal Pole 33 -39, 12, -45 4.44 Left Middle Temporal Gyrus /Superior Temporal Gyrus 129 -63, -24, -6 4.4
Olfactory Bulb 17 -3, 12, -15 4.36
Right Parahippocampal Gyrus/Fusiform Gyrus/Hippocampus 36 30, -24, -18 4.32 Right Middle Temporal Pole/Superior Temporal Pole/Insula/Orbital
Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Inferior Temporal Gyrus 35 36, 18, -21 4.21
Left Cerebellum 17 -9, -54, -45 4.04
Left Parahippocampal Gyrus/Fusiform gyrus 16 -24, -36, -18 3.81
PCC Anti-correlations in Combat-exposed Controls
Right Insula/Inferior Triangular Frontal Gyrus/Putamen/Rolandic Operculum/Inferior Opercular Frontal Gyrus/Pallidum/Superior Temporal Pole/ Orbital Inferior Frontal Gyrus
357 39, 15, 0 5.41
Left Insula/Inferior Opercular Frontal Gyrus/Rolandic
Operculum/Superior Temporal Pole/Precentral Gyrus/Inferior Triangular Frontal Gyrus
210 -39, 12, 9 5.16
Left Putamen /Superior Temporal Gyrus/Pallidum/Amygdala 65 -39, -9, -3 4.89 Right Superior Frontal Gyrus/Supplementary Motor Area 49 24, 0, 72 4.77
Left Precuneus 16 -30, -54, 6 4.51
Left Inferior Temporal Gyrus/Middle Temporal Gyrus/Inferior Occipital Gyrus/Middle Occipital Gyrus
47 -57, -69, -3 4.51
Right Precentral Gyrus 14 57, 3, 45 4.49
Right Supramarginal Gyrus/Inferior Parietal Lobule/Superior Parietal Gyrus
98 66, -39, 33 4.47
Brainstem 35 0, -39, -45 4.42
Left Inferior Parietal Lobule/Supramarginal Gyrus/Superior Parietal
Gyrus 226 -54, -48, 42 4.42
Right Middle Frontal Gyrus 22 33, -3, 54 4.14
Left Hippocampus 11 -33, -42, 3 3.9
Right Inferior Temporal Gyrus/Middle Temporal Gyrus 54 48, -54, -15 3.87
Left Cerebellum 25 -15, -30, -51 3.75
Right Supplementary Motor Area/Mid Cingulate/Superior Frontal Gyrus 10 15, 9, 48 3.75 vmPFC Positive Connectivity in Combat-exposed Controls
Bilateral Superior Medial Frontal Gyrus/Superior Frontal Gyrus/Anterior Cingulate Gyrus/ Orbital Medial Frontal Gyrus/Caudate/Left Middle Frontal Gyrus/Left Supplementary Motor Area
2846 -3, 45, 0 7.34
Bilateral Precuneus/Mid Cingulate Gyrus/Posterior Cingulate
Gyrus/Calcarine Gyrus/Left Cuneus 844 0, -48, 21 5.64
Right Middle Temporal Gyrus/Inferior Temporal Gyrus/Superior
Temporal Gyrus 62 57, -9, -21 5.36
Contrast Map and Brain Region Cluster
Size MNI
Coordinates (x,y,z)
Analysis (z) Left Middle Temporal Gyrus/Inferior Temporal Gyrus 143 -57, -24, -18 5.36 Left Angular Gyrus/Middle Occipital Gyrus/Inferior Parietal Lobule 203 -48, -66, 45 4.68
Left Hippocampus/Parahippocampal gyrus 37 -24, -30, -15 4.56
Right Angular Gyrus/Inferior Parietal Lobule/Middle Occipital Gyrus 165 48, -72, 42 4.5
Right Parahippocampal gyrus/Hippocampus 28 30, -18, -18 4.46
Left Middle Frontal Gyrus 28 -33, 3, 54 4.41
Left Orbital Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Insula 13 -39, 21, -15 4.11
Right Middle Frontal Gyrus 21 39, 15, 54 3.89
Right Insula/Orbital Inferior Frontal Gyrus 23 39, 18, -15 3.72
Left Middle Temporal Gyrus/Inferior Temporal Gyrus 14 -51, -3, -30 3.44 vmPFC Anti-correlations in Combat-exposed Controls
Left Inferior Parietal Lobule/Superior Parietal Gyrus/Precuneus/Supramarginal Gyrus
576 -27, -54, 48 5.44 Right Supramarginal Gyrus/Inferior Parietal Lobule/Superior Parietal
Gyrus/Angular Gyrus/Precuneus/Postcentral Gyrus
593 57, -36, 36 5.1
Right Mid Cingulate Gyrus/Paracentral Lobule 12 15, -27, 45 5.07
Left Insula/Putamen 59 -39, 3, -6 4.52
Right Superior Temporal Gyrus/Rolandic Operculum/Superior Temporal Pole
15 57, 0, 3 4.5
Left Precentral Gyrus/Inferior Opercular Frontal Gyrus/Insula 125 -51, 6, 42 4.5
Bilateral Supplementary Motor Area 33 0, 3, 54 4.12
Left Precentral Gyrus/Superior Frontal Gyrus/Middle Frontal Gyrus 40 -27, -6, 51 4.11
Left Superior Occipital Gyrus/Cuneus 13 -21, -84, 30 4.06
Right Middle Occipital Gyrus/Superior Occipital Gyrus 27 30, -84, 33 4.05 Right Inferior Opercular Frontal Gyrus/Precentral Gyrus/Rolandic
Operculum
29 57, 12, 27 3.95
Right Insula/Superior Temporal Pole/Superior Temporal Gyrus 17 42, 0, -18 3.93
Left Mid Cingulate Gyrus 12 -18, -36, 48 3.82
Right Inferior Temporal Gyrus/Middle Temporal Gyrus 13 54, -60, -6 3.5 Left Anterior Insula Positive Connectivity in Combat-exposed Controls
Right Insula/Supramarginal Gyrus/Rolandic Operculum/Putamen/
Superior Temporal Gyrus/Opercular Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Triangular Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Orbital Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Heschl’s
Gyrus/Caudate/Superior Temporal Pole/Middle Temporal Gyrus
2177 36, 18, -3 6.61
Left Insula/Middle Frontal Gyrus/Left Superior Temporal Gyrus/
Supramarginal Gyrus/Rolandic Operculum/Triangular Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Putamen/Opercular Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Orbital Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Inferior Parietal Lobule/Postcentral Gyrus/Heschl’s
Gyrus/Precentral Gyrus/Superior Temporal Pole 2767 -33, 24, 0 6.61
Bilateral Thalamus 141 6, -15, 3 5.51
Bilateral Supplementary Motor Area/Mid Cingulate/Anterior
Cingulate/Superior Frontal Gyrus/Superior Medial Frontal Gyrus 1039 -3, 9, 45 5.11
Right Posterior Middle Frontal Gyrus 15 42, -3, 60 4.5
Right Anterior Middle Frontal Gyrus 76 36, 45, 30 4.17
Left Mid Cingulate 22 -12, -30, 39 4.05
Left Anterior Insula Anti-correlations in Combat-exposed Controls
Bilateral Thalamus 38 -3, -33, 6 5.42
Bilateral Precuneus/Posterior Cingulate/Mid Cingulate 268 15, -48, 24 5.14
Bilateral Superior Medial Frontal Gyrus 27 3, 48, 48 4.4
Right Fusiform Gyrus/Inferior Occipital Gyrus/Inferior Temporal Gyrus 37 42, -69, -18 4.25
Right Cerebellum 25 36, -75, -33 4.09
Left Cerebellum 78 -21, -69, -45 4.07
Contrast Map and Brain Region Cluster
Size MNI
Coordinates (x,y,z)
Analysis (z)
Right Superior Frontal Gyrus 15 18, 39, 54 4.07
Left inferior Occipital Gyrus 10 -39, -66, -9 3.89
Left Middle Occipital Gyrus 27 -21, -90, 3 3.87
Bilateral Medial Orbital Frontal Cortex 24 6, 63, -9 3.81
Rectus 11 6, 54, -18 3.8
Right Angular Gyrus 17 51, -69, 24 3.79
Right Middle Occipital/Inferior Occipital Gyrus 29 36, -87, 0 3.7
Right Cerebellum 20 33, -63, -48 3.69
Right Cerebellum 12 24, -84, -18 3.62
Left Fusiform Gyrus 18 -33, -63, -18 3.61
Left Middle Occipital Gyrus 14 -36, -72, 27 3.57
Left Superior Frontal Gyrus 17 -18, 36, 54 3.55
Left Cerebellum 12 -36, -75, -42 3.46
Right Anterior Insula Positive Connectivity in Combat-exposed Controls Right Insula/Supramarginal Gyrus/Rolandic Operculum/Putamen/
Triangular Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Opercular Inferior Frontal Gyrus/
Superior Temporal Gyrus/ Orbital Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Thalamus/
Heschl’s Gyrus/Superior Temporal Pole/Inferior Parietal Lobule/
Caudate 2827 36, 15, -3 7.15
Left Insula/Superior Temporal Gyrus/Supramarginal Gyrus/Rolandic Operculum/Putamen/Triangular Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Opercular Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Postcentral Gyrus/Inferior Parietal Lobule/Heschl’s
Gyrus/Superior Temporal Pole/Orbital Inferior Frontal Gyrus 1952 -51, 0, 6 6 Bilateral Supplementary Motor Area/Mid Cingulate/Superior Frontal
Gyrus/Middle Frontal Gyrus/Anterior Cingulate Cortex/Superior Frontal
Medial Gyrus/Precentral Gyrus 756 51, 3, 51 5.21
Right Middle Frontal Gyrus 63 33, 48, 30 4.9
Left Middle Frontal Gyrus 29 -30, 42, 36 4.44
Right Mid Cingulate 11 3, -30, 30 4.26
Left Orbital Middle Frontal Gyrus 13 -27, 42, -15 4.06
Right Middle Frontal Gyrus 21 33, 33, 33 3.86
Left Middle Frontal Gyrus 36 -42, 42, 18 3.86
Right Anterior Insula Anti-correlations in Combat-exposed Controls
Bilateral Precuneus 632 0, -57, 33 5.32
Left Angular Gyrus/Middle Occipital Gyrus/Inferior Parietal Lobule/ 218 -39, -72, 33 5.17 Left Superior Frontal Gyrus/Superior Medial Frontal Gyrus 52 -15, 42, 51 4.26
Right Middle Frontal Gyrus 13 27, 12, 39 4.14
Left Middle Frontal Gyrus 18 -21, 15, 51 4.05
Left Inferior Occipital Gyrus 16 -36, -69, -6 3.99
Right Angular Gyrus 25 51, -72, 30 3.96
Right Middle Occipital Gyrus 11 30, -81, 6 3.87
Left Cerebellum 15 -21, -84, -39 3.83
Right Cerebellum 27 36, -60, -48 3.81
Left Fusiform Gyrus 11 -42, -57, -21 3.79
Left Orbital Medial Frontal Gyrus 12 -3, 60, -9 3.73
Bilateral Superior Medial Frontal Gyrus/Superior Frontal Gyrus 28 -9, 60, 21 3.63
Left Caudate 12 -18, 9, 27 3.62
Right Orbital Medial Frontal Gyrus 10 3, 45, -15 3.34
Supplemental Table 2: Connectivity results from single-group whole-brain voxel-wise analysis of healthy community controls (n=15).
Contrast Map and Brain Region Cluster
Size
MNI Coordinates
(x,y,z)
Analysis (z)
PCC Positive Connectivity in Healthy Community Controls Bilateral Precuneus/Mid Cingulate/Calcarine Gyrus/Posterior
Cingulate/Lingual Gyrus/Cuneus/Thalamus 2127 0, -57, 24 7.4
Bilateral Superior Medial Frontal Gyrus/Superior Frontal Gyrus/Anterior Cingulate Cortex/Orbital Medial Frontal Gyrus/Middle Frontal
Gyrus/Rectus/Olfactory Bulb 2271 -3, 36, -15 5.9
Left Middle Temporal Gyrus/Inferior Temporal Gyrus/middle Temporal
Pole/Superior Temporal Pole 389 -57, -6, -24 5.22
Left Hippocampus 39 -24, -15, -18 5.05
Right Middle Temporal Gyrus/Superior Temporal Gyrus/Inferior
Temporal Gyrus 279 54, -6, -24 5.02
Right Angular Gyrus/Middle Temporal Gyrus/Superior Temporal
Gyrus/Middle Occipital Gyrus 315 51, -63, 21 4.81
Right Parahippocampal Gyrus/Fusiform Gyrus 23 27, -33, -18 4.66
Left Angular Gyrus/Middle Occipital Gyrus/Middle Temporal Gyrus 202 -45, -63, 30 4.54
Right Precentral Gyrus 21 45, -15, 57 4.23
Right Rolandic Operculum 15 33, -24, 15 4.1
Right Orbital Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Right Insula 61 30, 18, -18 4.08
Paracentral Lobule/Supplementary Motor Area 142 -3, -30, 63 4.07
Left Orbital Inferior Frontal Gyrus 54 -30, 30, -18 3.96
Left Rolandic Operculum 22 -36, -21, 15 3.74
Right Middle Temporal Pole 14 39, 18, -42 3.72
Left Superior Temporal Gyrus 15 -51, -18, 3 3.67
Right Parahippocampal Gyrus/Hippocampus 18 27, -18, -21 3.64
Left Parahippocampal Gyrus 10 -24, -33, -15 3.44
PCC Anti-correlations in Healthy Community Controls
Right Insula/Triangular Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Opercular Inferior Frontal
Gyrus/Middle Frontal Gyrus 299 42, 18, 3 5.44
Left Inferior Parietal Lobule/Supramarginal Gyrus 144 -54, -45, 39 4.66
Left Superior Parietal Lobule 121 -27, -27, 33 4.64
Right Middle Frontal Gyrus 44 27, 42, 24 4.49
Left Insula 36 -42, 3, 0 4.41
Right Supramarginal Gyrus/Inferior Parietal Lobule 146 60, -39, 48 4.3
Right Supplementary Motor Area/Mid Cingulate 85 3, 18, 45 4.2
Left Superior Frontal Gyrus 10 -18, 6, 72 4.1
Left Middle Frontal Gyrus/Triangular Inferior Frontal Gyrus 64 -45, 42, 12 4.07
Left Insula 55 -30, 24, 9 3.9
Left Superior Parietal Lobule 10 -27, -57, 69 3.9
Right Precentral Gyrus 19 33, -12, 51 3.81
Left Inferior Temporal Gyrus 16 -36, -54, 0 3.66
Left Precuneus 17 -12, -63, 57 3.6
vmPFC Positive Connectivity in Healthy Community Controls Superior Medial Frontal Gyrus/Superior Frontal Gyrus/Anterior Cingulate Cortex/Orbital Medial Frontal Gyrus/Caudate/Orbital Inferior
Frontal Gyrus/Olfactory Bulb 3306 3, 36, -9 6.98
Right Angular Gyrus/Inferior Parietal Lobule 207 54, -54, 27 5.43
Precuneus/Mid Cingulate/Posterior Cingulate/Calcarine
Gyrus/Cuneus/Lingual Gyrus 1215 6, -30, 33 5.13
Left Middle Temporal Gyrus/Inferior Temporal Gyrus 122 -60, -9, -21 4.62 Right Middle Temporal Gyrus/Superior Temporal Gyrus 128 63, -27, -12 4.62
Right Thalamus/Hippocampus 59 24, -27, -6 4.44
Left Angular Gyrus/Middle Occipital Gyrus/Inferior Parietal Lobule 103 -48, -66, 33 4.44
Right Insula 18 42, -15, 9 3.97
Right Parahippocampal Gyrus/Hippocampus 10 24, -24, -15 3.97
Right Superior Temporal Gyrus 10 57, -15, 3 3.71
Right Superior Temporal Gyrus/Rolandic Operculum 14 42, -30, 9 3.69
vmPFC Anti-correlations in Healthy Community Controls
Left Precuneus/Inferior Parietal Lobule/Superior Parietal Lobule/Mid
Cingulate/Postcentral Gyrus 616 -12, -66, 60 5.56
Left Calcarine Gyrus 58 -27, -69, 15 4.62
Right Inferior Parietal Lobule/Superior Parietal Lobule/Precuneus 103 36, -45, 51 4.49 Right Superior Frontal Gyrus/Supplementary Motor Area 56 18, 0, 57 4.25
Left Middle Frontal Gyrus 20 -39, 33, 24 4.22
Right Superior Parietal Lobule 45 30, -66, 51 4.17
Right Supramarginal Gyrus 57 57, -30, 45 4.08
Left Superior Frontal Gyrus 18 -18, 3, 57 4.03
Right Mid Cingulate 36 18, -24, 45 4.02
Left Rolandic Operculum/Precentral Gyrus 12 -48, 0, 18 3.82
Left Anterior Insula Positive Connectivity in Healthy Community Controls Left Insula/Superior Temporal Gyrus/Rolandic Operculum/
Supramarginal Gyrus/Inferior Parietal Lobule/Triangular Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Putamen/Opercular Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Postcentral
Gyrus/Superior Temporal Pole/Orbital Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Heschl’s
Gyrus/Caudate 2621 -42, 6, -6 6.51
Right Insula/Rolandic Operculum/Supramarginal Gyrus/Superior Temporal Lobe/Putamen/Opercular Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Orbital Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Triangular Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Middle Temporal Gyrus/Superior Temporal Pole/Precentral Gyrus/Middle Frontal
Gyrus/Heschl’s Gyrus/Inferior Parietal Lobule/Postcentral Gyrus/ 2057 48, -6, 12 5.6 Supplementary Motor Area/Mid Cingulate/Anterior Cingulate/Superior
Medial Frontal Gyrus/Superior Frontal Gyrus 979 9, 12, 39 5.09
Left Precentral Gyrus/Postcentral Gyrus 91 -51, -6, 54 4.95
Right Middle Frontal Gyrus/Orbital Inferior Frontal Gyrus 50 36, 42, 6 4.8
Left Middle Temporal Gyrus 35 -51, -60, 9 4.56
Left Mid Cingulate 42 -9, -21, 42 4.28
Left Inferior Temporal Gyrus 10 -54, -60, -6 4.1
Left Orbital Middle Frontal Gyrus/Orbital Inferior Frontal Gyrus 29 -27, 36, -15 3.91
Right Paracentral Lobule 10 12, -39, 51 3.74
Right Thalamus 18 6, -15, -3 3.67
Left Middle Frontal Gyrus 23 -36, 39, 21 3.66
Left Thalamus 21 -18, -21, 9 3.64
Left Anterior Insula Anti-correlations in Healthy Community Controls
Right Caudate 174 21, -18, 30 5.05
Right Cerebellum 133 21, -78, -39 4.68
Left Hippocampus 73 -33, -45, 0 4.56
Precuneus 178 30, -48, 30 4.51
Right Hippocampus 49 39, -48, -3 4.3
Left Cerebellum 75 -30, -81, -39 4.01
Right Anterior Insula Positive Connectivity in Healthy Community Controls Bilateral Insula/Superior Temporal Gyrus/Supramarginal
Gyrus/Rolandic Operculum/Putamen/Triangular Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Middle Temporal Gyrus/Middle Frontal Gyrus/Opercular Inferior
5368 39, 12, 0 5.89
Frontal Gyrus/Thalamus/ Orbital Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Postcentral Gyrus/Superior Temporal Pole/Heschl’s Gyrus
Supplementary Motor Area/Mid Cingulate/Middle Frontal Gyrus/Anterior Cingulate/Superior Frontal Gyrus/Superior Medial Frontal
Gyrus/Precentral Gyrus 1061 3, 0, 69 4.98
Left Middle Frontal Gyrus 64 -42, 42, 21 4.23
Right Precentral Gyrus 18 57, 9, 36 4.1
Left Middle Temporal Gyrus 33 -51, -63, 9 3.98
Left Triangular Inferior Frontal Gyrus 18 -45, 42, 0 3.86
Anterior Cingulate Cortex 24 0, 33, 12 3.63
Right Anterior Insula Anti-correlations in Healthy Community Controls
Precuneus/Mid Cingulate/Posterior Cingulate/Superior Frontal Gyrus 512 27, 12, 36 5.3
Right Cerebellum 156 24, -75, -39 4.55
Right Hippocampus 20 39, -21, -12 4.26
Left Cerebellum 12 -21, -33, -45 3.88
Right Cerebellum 11 12, -66, -42 3.83
Left Inferior Parietal Lobule 21 -36, -75, 39 3.79
Supplemental Table 3: Connectivity results from single-group whole-brain voxel-wise analysis of combat-exposed and healthy community controls combined (n=30).
Contrast Map and Brain Region Cluster
Size
MNI Coordinates
(x,y,z)
Analysis (z)
PCC Positive Connectivity in Combat-exposed and Healthy Community Controls
Precuneus/Mid Cingulate/Calcarine Gyrus/Posterior Cingulate
Cortex/Cuneurs/Lingual Gyrus/Paracentral Lobule 2705 -3, -54, 24 9.95 Superior Medial Frontal Gyrus/Superior Frontal Gyrus/Middle Frontal
Gyrus/Anterior Cingulate Cortex/Orbital Medial Frontal
Gyrus/Rectus/Supplementary Motor Area/Olfactory Bulb 3886 -3, 48, 6 7.36 Right Angular Gyrus/Middle Temporal Gyrus/Middle Occipital
Gyrus/Superior Temporal Gyrus 596 48, -60, 27 7.32
Left Angular Gyrus/Middle Occipital Gyrus/Middle Temporal
Gyrus/Inferior Parietal Lobule/Superior Parietal Lobule 624 -45, -63, 30 6.83 Left Middle Temporal Gyrus/Inferior Temporal Gyrus/Superior Temporal
Gyrus/Middle Temporal Pole/Rolandic Operculum 769 -63, -24, -3 6.51
Right Middle Temporal Gyrus/Superior Temporal Gyrus/Inferior Temporal Gyrus/Middle Temporal Pole/Orbital Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Rolandic
Operculum/Insula/Superior Temporal Pole 735 51, -3, -27 6.29
Right Caudate 34 12, 15, 12 5.89
Right Parahippocampal Gyrus/Fusiform Gyrus/Hippocampus 124 27, -30, -18 5.58 Left Parahippocampal Gyrus/Hippocampus/Fusiform Gyrus 186 -27, -15, -18 5.51
Left Cerebellum 22 -9, -54, -45 4.74
Triangular Inferior Frontal Gyrus 23 -54, 21, 15 4.34
Left Caudate 17 -9, 12, 9 4.28
Right Cerebellum 13 12, -51, -48 4.16
Left Orbital Inferior Frontal Gyrus 49 -39, 24, -21 4.09
Right Postcentral Gyrus 33 48, -12, 33 3.91
Left Precentral Gyrus 14 -36, -24, 63 3.86
Right Precentral Gyrus 18 42, -21, 60 3.75
Left Postcentral Gyrus 10 -36, -21, 51 3.55
PCC Anti-correlations in Combat-exposed and Healthy Community Controls Right Insula/Opercular Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Triangular Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Middle Frontal Gyrus/Rolandic Operculum/Putamen/
Pallidum/Superior Temporal Pole/Orbital Inferior Frontal Gyrus/ 921 39, 15, 0 7.45 Right Supramarginal Gyrus/Inferior Parietal Lobule/Superior Parietal
Lobule 437 60, -39, 48 6.24
Left Inferior Parietal Lobule/Supramarginal Gyrus/Superior Parietal
Lobule/Mid Cingulate 763 -54, -45, 42 6.05
Left Insula/Opercular Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Middle Frontal
Gyrus/Rolandic Operculum/Triangular Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Precentral Gyrus/Superior Temporal Pole/Superior Temporal
Gyrus/Thalamus/Putman 755 -36, 12, 9 5.58
Right Supplementary Motor Area/Superior Frontal Gyrus/Middle Frontal
Gyrus/Precentral Gyrus/Mid Cingulate 445 36, -3, 54 5.51
Cerebellum 125 -21, -30, -45 5.19
Left Inferior Temporal Gyrus/Middle Temporal Gyrus 367 -51, -63, -6 5.12
Left Superior Frontal Gyrus 39 -18, 6, 72 4.69
Left Precentral Gyrus 37 -30, -9, 51 4.69
Right Superior Parietal Lobule 11 27, -54, 72 4.62
Left Precuneus 43 -12, -63, 57 4.52
Right Inferior Temporal Gyrus 65 51, -54, -15 4.47
Right Cerebellum 110 18, -60, -27 4.42
Left Cerebellum 70 -33, -51, -36 4.4
vmPFC Positive Connectivity in Combat-exposed and Healthy Community Controls
Superior medial Frontal Gyrus/Superior Frontal Gyrus/Anterior Cingulate Cortex/Middle Frontal Gyrus/Orbital Medial Frontal
Gyrus/Caudate/Orbital Inferior Frontal Gyrus 5376 -3, 42, 0 9.82
Precuneus/Mid Cingulate/Posterior Cingulate/Calcarine Gyrus/Right
Hippocampus/Parahippocampus/Cuneus/Lingual Gyrus 1774 3, -48, 21 7.38
Right Angular Gyrus/Inferior Parietal Lobule/Middle Temporal
Gyrus/Superior Temporal Gyrus 361 57, -60, 30 6.34
Left Angular Gyrus/Middle Occipital Gyrus/Inferior Parietal Lobule/ 387 -48, -63, 45 6.15 Right Middle Temporal Gyrus/Superior Temporal Gyrus/Inferior Temporal
Gyrus/Middle Temporal Pole 442 60, -21, -9 5.88
Left Middle Temporal Gyrus/Inferior Temporal Gyrus 526 -63, -24, -9 5.53
Left Orbital Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Insula 195 -39, 18, -15 5.39
Right Middle Frontal Gyrus 41 42, 15, 51 4.96
Left Hippocampus/Parahippocampal Gyrus 74 -21, -24, -15 4.96
Left Cerebellum 18 -9, -54, -45 4.21
Right Heschl’s Gyrus/Rolandic Operculum 60 42, -18, 9 4.13
Right Cerebellum 36 15, -45, -51 4.02
Right Cerebellum 26 27, -78, -42 3.98
Left Inferior Temporal Gyrus 11 -42, 15, -39 3.5
vmPFC Anti-correlations in Combat-exposed and Healthy Community Controls
Right Superior Parietal Lobule/Supramarginal Gyrus/Inferior Parietal Lobule/Postcentral Gyrus/Middle Occipital Gyrus/Precuneus/Superior
Occipital Gyrus/Cuneus/Angular Gyrus/Mid Cingulate 1520 15, -27, 45 6.33 Left Inferior Parietal Lobule/Superior Parietal Lobule/Precuneus/
Precentral Gyrus/Supplementary Motore Area/Superior Frontal
Gyrus/Insula/Supramarginal Gyrus/Postcentral Gyrus/Opercular Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Mid Cingulate/Superior Occiptial Gyrus/Rolandic
Operculum 2726 -24, -54, 48 6.3
Left Middle Frontal Gyrus/Triangular Inferior Frontal Gyrus 168 -39, 33, 24 5.09 Left Middle Temporal Gyrus/Inferior Temporal Gyrus 79 -54, -69, -9 4.47
Right Calcarine Gyrus 21 30, -60, 9 4.15
Right Opercular Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Precentral Gyrus 133 54, 12, 12 4.12
Right Inferior Temporal Gyrus 76 54, -57, -6 4.12
Left Thalamus 26 -27, -30, 3 4.02
Right Precuneus 17 6, -48, 78 3.79
Right Middle Frontal Gyrus 11 24, 42, 21 3.76
Left Supramarginal Gyrus 13 -66, -24, 30 3.74
Left Anterior Insula Positive Connectivity in Combat-exposed and Healthy Community Controls
Bilateral Insula/Superior Temporal Gyrus/Supramarginal
Gyrus/Supplementary Motor Area/Middle Frontal Gyrus/Rolandic Operculum/Triangular Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Putamen/Inferior Parietal Lobule/Mid Cingulate/Precentral Gyrus/Opercular Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Anterior Cingulate Cortex/Orbital Inferior Frontal
Gyrus/Thalamus/Postcentral Gyrus/Precentral Gyrus/Superior Frontal
Gyrus/Middle Temporal Gyrus/Thalamus/Caudate/Amygdala 11842 -36, 15, -3 8.37
Left Middle Temporal Gyrus 113 -51, -63, 9 4.56
Left Calcarine Gyrus 12 -15, -72, 12 3.6
Left Anterior Insula Anti-correlations in Combat-exposed and Healthy Community Controls
Precuneus/Angular Gyrus/Superior Frontal Gyrus/Posterior Cingulate 1722 21, 9, 24 5.63
Cortex/Mid Cingulate/Right Hippocampus
Cerebellum 1274 -24, -72, -42 5.44
Left Hippocampus 121 -36, -45, -3 5.12
Superior Medial Frontal Gyrus 45 0, 51, 45 4.89
Left Middle Occipital Gyrus 66 -30, -96, 6 4.8
Right Middle Occipital Gyrus/Inferior Occipital Gyrus 131 39, -87, 0 4.61
Left Fusiform Gyrus 15 -33, -57, -18 4.43
Left Superior Frontal Gyrus 46 -9, 60, 36 4.35
Right Angular Gyrus 10 36, -75, 51 4.3
Orbital Medial Frontal Gyrus 111 9, 60, -9 4.23
Right Cerebellum 11 18, -36, -24 3.74
Right Anterior Insula Positive Connectivity in Combat-exposed and Healthy Community Controls
Bilateral Insla/Middle Frontal Gyrus/Superior Temporal
Gyrus/Supramarginal Gyrus/Supplementary Motor Area/Rolandic Operculum/Triangular Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Putamen/Opercular Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Middle Temporal Gyrus/Mid Cingulate/Thalamus/Orbital Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Superior Frontal Gyrus/Precentral Gyrus/Anterior
Cingulate Cortex/Postcentral Gyrus/Caudate/Right Amygdala 11706 39, 12, 0 9.06 Left Orbital Middle Frontal/Orbital Superior Frontal Gyrus 43 -27, 42, -15 5.24
Left Middle Temporal Gyrus 64 -51, -63, 9 4.75
Right Mid Cingulate 15 6, -27, 27 4.53
Left Lingual Gyrus 19 -15, -63, -6 4.03
Left Calcarine Gyrus 11 -15, -69, 18 3.94
Left Mid Cingulate 17 -9, -18, 42 3.88
Left Precentral Gyrus 13 -33, -6, 51 3.71
Right Lingual Gyrus 13 15, -54, -6 3.59
Right Anterior Insula Anti-correlations in Combat-exposed and Healthy Community Controls
Precuneus/Mid Cingulate/Posterior Cingulate/Superior Frontal Gyrus 1987 0, -57, 30 6.75 Left Angular Gyrus/Middle Occipital Gyurs/Inferior Parietal Lobule 283 -36, -75, 39 5.52
Right Cerebellum 567 36, -60, -48 5.43
Left Superior Frontal Gyrus/Superior Medial Frontal Gyrus 244 -15, 42, 51 5.16
Left Fusiform Gyrus 46 -45, -54, -21 4.84
Right Hippocampus 52 39, -24, -15 4.68
Orbital Medial Frontal Gyrus/Rectus 131 -3, 60, -9 4.65
Left Cerebellum 266 -30, -81, -39 4.59
Right Angular Gyrus 43 54, -66, 30 4.27
Left Cerebellum 25 -18, -42, -51 4.22
Right Middle Occipital Gyrus 29 30, -81, 6 3.99
Left Middle Temporal Gyrus 24 -66, -30, -6 3.92
Right Inferior Occipital Gyrus 11 42, -84, -9 3.67
Supplemental Table 4: Connectivity results from single-group whole-brain voxel-wise analysis of PTSD participants (n=15).
Contrast Map and Brain Region Cluster
Size
MNI Coordinates
(x,y,z)
Analysis (z)
PCC Positive Connectivity in PTSD participants
Bilateral Precuneus/Mid Cingulate/Posterior Cingulate/Calcarine Gyrus/Cuneus/Cerebellum/Right Lingual Gyrus
1945 0, -63, 27 8.77
Bilateral Superior Medial Frontal Gyrus/Superior Frontal Gyrus/ Orbital Medial Frontal Gyrus/Middle Frontal Gyrus/ Anterior Cingulate/Left Rectus
1797 3, 18, -12 5.79
Right Angular Gyrus/Middle Temporal Gyrus/ Inferior Parietal Lobule/Middle Occipital Gyrus/Superior Temporal Gyrus
421 48, -57, 24 5.42
Right Middle Temporal Gyrus/Inferior Temporal Gyrus 60 60, -15, -15 5.25 Left Angular Gyrus/Middle Occipital Gyrus/Middle Temporal
Gyrus/Inferior Parietal Lobule 438 -48, -72, 18 4.98
Right Parahippocampal Gyrus 20 24, -9, -27 4.62
Left Middle Temporal Gyrus /Inferior Temporal Gyrus 60 -48, -33, -3 4.15
Right Fusiform Gyrus/Parahippocampal Gyrus 20 27, -30, -21 4.13
Right Inferior Triangular Frontal Gyrus/Middle Frontal Gyrus 10 54, 30, 24 4.09
Right Hippocampus 18 21, -30, -9 3.93
Left Inferior Temporal Gyrus/Middle Temporal Pole 25 -51, 6, -36 3.93 Left Insula/ Orbital Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Orbital Superior Frontal Gyrus 10 -24, 15, -15 3.88
Right Middle Temporal Pole/Superior Temporal Pole 14 39, 15, -42 3.84
Left Middle Temporal Gyrus/Inferior Temporal Gyrus 16 -57, -9, -21 3.8 Left Middle Frontal Gyrus/ Inferior Triangular Frontal Gyrus/Inferior
Opercular Frontal Gyrus
26 -42, 15, 42 3.79
Left Supplementary Motor Area/Superior Medial Frontal Gyrus 11 -9, 21, 54 3.73 Left Parahippocampal Gyrus/Fusiform Gyrus/Cerebellum 22 -27, -30, -21 3.67
Anterior Cingulate 12 0, 30, 15 3.63
PCC Anti-correlations in PTSD participants
Right Supramarginal Gyrus 16 63, -27, 36 3.99
Left Calcarine Gyrus 16 -33, -54, 9 3.93
Left Insula/Rolandic Operculum/Inferior Frontal Operculum 12 -45, 0, 9 3.58 vmPFC Positive Connectivity in PTSD participants
Bilateral Superior Medial Frontal Gyrus/Superior Frontal Gyrus/Anterior Cingulate Gyrus/Orbital Medial Frontal Gyrus/Caudate/Left Middle Frontal Gyrus/Left Supplementary Motor Area/Rectus/Left Insula/Left Inferior Frontal Orbital Gyrus/Right Olfactory Bulb
3571 -3, 45, -6 7.84
Bilateral Precuneus/Mid Cingulate Gyrus/Posterior Cingulate Gyrus/Calcarine Gyrus/Left Cuneus
1100 3, -51, 27 6.21
Right Middle Temporal Gyrus/Inferior Temporal Gyrus/Middle Temporal Pole/Superior Temporal Gyrus
187 57, -18, -18 4.55 Left Angular Gyrus/Middle Occipital Gyrus/Middle Temporal
Gyrus/Inferior Parietal Lobule
272 -51, -69, 30 4.55 Right Angular Gyrus/Middle Temporal Gyrus/Inferior Parietal
Lobule/Middle Occipital Gyrus/Superior Temporal Gyrus 216 57, -60, 24 4.38 Left Middle Temporal Gyrus/Superior Temporal Gyrus/Inferior Temporal
Gyrus/Heschl’s Gyrus 208 -48, -33, 6 4.35
Left Inferior Temporal Gyrus 32 -48, -6, -36 4.25
Right Superior Frontal Gyrus 12 21, -12, 69 4.23
Left Paracentral Lobule/Postcentral Gyrus 18 -18, -27, 72 4.22
Left Cerebellum 11 -12, -51, -51 4.15
Right Inferior Orbital Frontal Orbital Gyrus/Insula 39 33, 21, -18 4.06
Right Thalamus/Hippocampus/Parahippocampal gyrus 41 30, -36, -6 3.95
Left Thalamus 16 -6, -15, 9 3.91
Right Superior Temporal Gyrus 19 54, -15, 3 3.72
Left Middle Frontal Gyrus 24 -39, 12, 51 3.69
Right Parahippocampal gyrus/Hippocampus 10 30, -21, -21 3.64
vmPFC Anti-correlations in PTSD participants
Left Mid Cingulate Gyrus/ Precuneus/Superior Parietal
Gyrus/Paracentral Lobule/Postcentral Gyrus 130 -21, -30, 36 4.99
Left Middle Frontal Gyrus/Inferior Triangular Frontal Gyrus 39 -48, 33, 30 4.71 Left Inferior Parietal Lobule/Supramarginal Gyrus 184 -63, -30, 36 4.54 Left Middle Occipital Gyrus/Angular Gyrus/Superior Parietal Gyrus 51 -27, -60, 33 4.4 Right Supramarginal Gyrus/ Inferior Parietal Lobule 27 60, -36, 48 4.3
Right Superior Parietal Gyrus/Precuneus 34 15, -66, 54 4.18
Left Insula/Inferior Opercular Frontal Gyrus/Precentral Gyrus/Rolandic
Operculum 42 -36, 9, 15 4.04
Right Mid Cingulate 13 27, -18, 39 3.68
Left Inferior Temporal Gyrus/Middle Temporal Gyrus 13 -54, -63, -9 3.61 Left Anterior Insula Positive Connectivity in PTSD participants
Left Insula/Superior Temporal Gyrus/Supramarginal Gyrus/Rolandic Operculum/Putamen/Triangular Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Postcentral Gyrus/Inferior Parietal Lobule/Orbital Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Superior Temporal Pole/Opercular Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Heschl’s Gyrus/
Thalamus/Caudate/Pallidum 2879 -54, -30, 21 7.45
Bilateral Supplementary Area/Mid Cingulate/Anterior Cingulate/Superior Frontal Gyrus/Superior Medial Frontal Gyrus/Middle Frontal
Gyrus/Precentral Gyrus/Precuneus/Paracentral Lobule 1981 -9, 9, 36 6.95 Right Insula/Supramarginal Gyrus/Middle Frontal Gyrus/Superior
Temporal Gyrus/Rolandic Operculum/Putamen/Opercular Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Triangular Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Orbital Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Superior Temporal Pole/Middle Temporal Gyrus/Heschl’s
Gyrus/Postcentral Gyrus/Thalamus/Amygdala 2701 51, 9, -6 6.26
Left Middle Temporal Gyrus 67 -45, -60, 6 5.15
Left Orbital Middle Frontal Gyrus/Orbital Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Orbital
Superior Frontal Gyrus 47 -27, 36, -15 5.01
Left Middle Frontal Gyrus/Superior Frontal Gyrus 290 -24, 48, 30 4.94
Right Cuneus/Superior Occipital Gyrus 110 15, -81, 36 4.74
Left Precuneus/Superior Parietal Lobule 33 -12, -72, 42 4.37
Left Precentral Gyrus 41 -33, -9, 57 3.95
Left Superior Parietal Lobule/Postcentral Gyrus 46 -21, -48, 63 3.75
Left Cuneus 29 -3, -90, 15 3.71
Right Precentral Gyrus 10 21, -24, 69 3.41
Left Anterior Insula Anti-correlations in PTSD participants
Cerebellar Vermis 45 3, -42, 0 4.35
Cerebellum 383 30, -78, -42 4.34
Left Inferior Occipital Gyrus 11 -18, -90, -6 4.3
Right Hippocampus 11 36, -39, 0 4.18
Right Caudate 30 18, 18, 18 3.68
Right Anterior Insula Positive Connectivity in PTSD participants Right Insula/Middle Frontal Gyrus/Supramarginal
Gyrus/Putamen/Rolandic Operculum/Superior Temporal
Gyrus/Opercular Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Triangular Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Orbital Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Thalamus/Calcarine Gyrus/Superior
Temporal Pole/Inferior Parietal Gyrus/Heschl’s Gyrus/Amygdala 3730 39, 24, -3 6.94 Supplementary Motor Area/Mid Cingulate/Anterior Cingulate/Superior
Medial Frontal Gyrus/Superior Frontal Gyrus/Paracentral Lobule 1382 0, 18, 42 6.61
Left Insula/Superior Temporal Gyrus/Rolandic 2347 -36, 3, 9 6.18
Operculum/Supramarginal Gyrus/Putamen/Postcentral Gyrus/Opercular Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Superior Temporal Pole/Orbital Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Heschl’s Gyrus/Triangular Inferior Frontal Gyrus/Caudate/Middle Temporal Gyrus/Inferior Parietal Lobule/Amygdala
Left Middle Frontal Gyrus/Triangular Inferior Frontal Gyrus 110 -36, 48, 27 5.13
Left Thalamus 81 -6, -15, 0 4.86
Right Cuneus/Superior Occipital Gyrus 109 9, -75, 30 4.37
Left Precentral Gyrus 37 -33, -9, 57 4.36
Right Precentral Gyrus/Middle Frontal Gyrus 79 45, -6, 48 4.3
Left Orbital Middle Frontal Gyrus 26 -30, 42, -15 4.24
Left Superior Frontal Gyrus 12 -12, -3, 72 4.08
Left Precuneus 26 -12, -72, 36 3.9
Left Middle Temporal Gyrus 11 -51, -57, 6 3.83
Left Postcentral Gyrus 12 -21, -33, 57 3.62
Right Anterior Insula Anti-correlations in PTSD participants
Bilateral Cerebellum 352 36, -66, -51 4.93
Right Caudate 199 24, -18, 33 4.85
Left Caudate 59 -15, 12, 21 4.68
Left Angular Gyrus 22 -48, -69, 39 4.01
Supplemental Table 5: Connectivity results from two-group comparisons.
Contrast Map and Brain Region Cluster Size MNI Coordinates (x,y,z)
Analysis (z) PCC PTSD > Combat-exposed Controls
Left Amygdala* 5 -24, 3, -15 3.44
Right Insula 7 33, 3, 6 3.18
Right Thalamus 18 12, -21, 9 3.91
Right Putamen 15 30, -3, 0 3.67
PCC Combat-exposed Controls > PTSD No clusters greater than 10 voxels vmPFC PTSD > Combat-exposed Controls
Right Superior Temporal Sulcus 18 48, -54, 12 4.32
Right Precentral Gyrus 12 54, -12, 27 3.8
Precentral Sulcus 10 15, -15, 72 3.6
Left Superior Temporal Sulcus 20 -57, -60, 15 3.54
vmPFC Combat-exposed Controls > PTSD No clusters greater than 10 voxels
Left Anterior Insula PTSD > Combat-exposed Controls
Left Peri-Insula/Superior Temporal Gyrus 17 -54, 0, -3 4.14
Left Posterior Insula 24 -57, -36, 21 4.02
Right Peri-Insula/Superior Temporal Pole 10 45, 9, -15 3.78
Right Occipital Lobe 11 12, -81, 36 3.45
Left Hippocampus 4 -27, -12, -12 3.32
Left Anterior Insula Combat-exposed Controls > PTSD No clusters greater than 10 voxels
Right Anterior Insula PTSD > Combat-exposed Controls
Right Amygdala 4 24, 3, -18 3.12
Right Peri-Insula/Superior Temporal Pole 10 39, 18, -21 3.79
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex 10 -6, 27, 45 3.76
Right Anterior Insula Combat-exposed Controls > PTSD No clusters greater than 10 voxels
PCC PTSD > Healthy Community Controls No clusters greater than 10 voxels PCC Healthy Community Controls > PTSD
Left Hippocampus† 5 -27, -15, -12 2.8
vmPFC PTSD > Healthy Community Controls
Central Sulcus 12 -15, -27, 72 3.9
Precentral Sulcus/Supplementary Motor Area 10 15, -12, 69 3.83
vmPFC Healthy Community Controls > PTSD
Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex 19 -6, 39, 18 3.56
Bilateral Anterior Insula PTSD > Healthy Community Controls No clusters greater than 10 voxels
Bilateral Anterior Insula Healthy Community Controls > PTSD No clusters greater than 10 voxels
*a priori regions of interest (ROIs) in bold; significant at p<.05, corrected for multiple voxelwise comparisons across the ROI. All other activations are presented at p<.001 (uncorrected) with a cluster extent threshold of at least 10 contiguousvoxels. MNI, Montreal Neurologic Institute. †p=.003