DESCRIPTION OF STRESS ON EMPLOYEES AT MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY JAKARTA AFTER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Yuwanita Sinta Dewi
Master of Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta K.H. Ahmad Dahlan St., Cireundeu, Ciputat, South Jakarta, 15419
E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
They were adapting new habits after the COVID-19 pandemic in the form of implementing work-from- home (WFH) creates work pressure that can disrupt the psychological stability of employees. This study aims to determine the description of stress on employees. This research is a quantitative descriptive study with the population being employees at the University of Muhammadiyah Jakarta, with a sample of 87 respondents. Data were collected using an online form using the HARS (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale) questionnaire. The data was then analyzed descriptively. The results showed that of employees who experienced stress, 9.4% were female, 23.4% were at the age of 36 years, 18.4% had a bachelor's degree, 16.7% were married, and 16.7% had years of work >9 years. The stress levels experienced by employees should pay attention to the work environment by providing supporting facilities, and related parties can notice the dual role shared by employees.
Keywords: work stress, employee, Covid-19 INTRODUCTION
The 2019 Coronavirus Disease pandemic, commonly called COVID-19, was first discovered in Wuhan, China. It is an infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. CoV-2 is a category in the class of viruses found in various host species, including birds and mammals. Which can cause intestinal infections and respiratory in animals and humans. (Sun et al., 2020) Global data until March 7, 2022, has spread to 228 countries with an infected number of 445,096,612 people and 5,998,301 deaths (Covid-19 Distribution Data, 2022). The highest number is in Europe, with 183,021,306 people, the second in America with 148,106,582 people, and the third in Southeast Asia with 56,169,589 confirmed people. (WHO Corona Virus (Covid-19) Dashboard, n.d.)
The Ministry of Manpower explained that 17,224 out of 873,090 formal sector companies implemented work-from-home (WFH) starting April 7, 2020. Companies implemented offline work at their place of residence before COVID-19. However, companies are implementing online work at home during the COVID-19 pandemic. They are challenged to communicate effectively with other employees using multimedia technology. (Setiawan & Fitrianto, 2021). Employees who continue to work from home certainly impact these employees, so their psychology will differ from before. (Darniati Putri et al., 2021).
The Instruction of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 26 of 2022 that the entire Jabodetabek area is now at PPKM Level 1 or the level to allow 100% of Work from Office. PPKM Level 1 status is applied in Jabodetabek because active cases and transmission have declined drastically. With the implementation of this status, the work from office (WFO) capacity becomes 100 percent by continuing to use the Peduli Lindungi application. (Instruksi Menteri Dalam Negeri No. 26 Tahun 2022 Tentang
Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat Level 3, Level 2 Dan Level 1 Corona Virus Disease 2019 Di Wilayah Jawa Dan Bali, 2022).
Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta is one of the Muhammadiyah universities located in Jakarta, bordering South Tangerang, which has 10 (ten) faculties, including the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences. Faculty of Law, Faculty of Economics. Faculty of Engineering, Faculty of Islamic Religion, Faculty of Agriculture. Faculty of Medicine and Health. Faculty of Education, Faculty of Nursing, and Faculty of Public Health. (UMJ, n.d.). UMJ applies WFO 25% and WFH 75% of the total employees in the Rectorate and Faculties to break the chain of Covid-19 spread. (Edaran WFH, 2021). With the Minister of Home Affairs above, UMJ implements the government regulations by starting to set working days and hours per the Rector's Decree Number 06 of 2022. (Penetapan Hari & Jam Kerja Pegawai UMJ, 2022). The work from an office (WFO) is again implemented, so employees' work activities, primarily at home, are now carried out in the office again. This situation can create work pressure that can disrupt the psychological stability of employees in the UMI environment. These risks trigger the emergence of stress on employees at work. Employees can feel work-related stress when they get demands and work pressures that are not under their abilities, knowledge, and skills, so they cannot cope. Stress can occur if there is no support from coworkers and good management because they have little control over the work process. (WHO, 2021). Some work condition that can cause stress is Workload. Leadership style, environment, and role (individual). (NIOSH, 2014).
METHOD
This study uses a quantitative descriptive method with the population of employees in 2022, with as many as 664 respondents. The sample of 87 respondents was taken using an online form consisting of Administrative, Academic, Human Research, Financial, and Library. IT, primary staff, drivers, and security guards are willing to be sourced in this research.
The data collection method used in this study was the Anxiety scale expressed using a scale adapted from the HARS (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale). The HARS scale is the standard scale for measuring anxiety and stress. Each symptom group is assigned a score between 0-4. The data is then categorized into five levels, namely: If the correct score is less than 14, then there is no stress anxiety, a score of 14-20 is mild, a score of 21-27 is moderate, a score of 28-4 is severe, and a score of 42-56 is very severe.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1 shows that 14.5% of men experience stress, and 18.8% of women experience stress.
According to Brizendine (2007) in (Emilda & Armiyadi, 2017), gender plays a role in the occurrence of stress. There are differences in responses between men and women when faced with conflict.
Women's brains have negative alertness, while men think conflict can provide a positive boost. This
means that when women are under pressure, they are generally more prone to stress. In Jane Y. Robot's research, it was stated that women are easily stressed because they have a dual role, namely work to family conflict, which has a relationship with depression and somatic complaints. The prolonged battle can reduce performance but can cause stress because when work matters interfere with family life, pressure often occurs on individuals to reduce time spent at work and provide more time for family.
(Jane Y.Roboth, 2015)
Table 1. Frequency Distribution by Gender at Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta
Gender
Work Stress
Total No anxiety/stress Mild
anxiety/stress
Moderate anxiety /stress
Severe anxiety /stress
Very extreme anxiety /stress
n % n % n % n % n %
Man 32 58.2 6 10.9 8 14.5 6 10.9 3 5.5 55 (100%)
Woman 10 31.2 7 21.9 6 18.8 6 18.8 3 9.4 32 (100%)
Total 42 48.3 13 14.9 14 16.1 12 13.8 6 6.9 87 (100%)
Based on this research. Table 2 shows 23.4% aged <36 years experienced stress and 17.5%
aged >=36 years. The relationship between age and stress is similar to tenure and stress. However, age and work stress are not always associated with tenure. Several types of work are very influential with age, especially those related to the sensory system and physical strength. Usually, younger workers have sharper eyesight and hearing, more agile movements, and stronger endurance. However, for some other types of work, the age factor older ones usually have more experience and understanding of work. So in certain types of work, age can be an obstacle and trigger stress.(munandar, ashar sunyoto. 2008.
Psikologi industri dan organisasi. Jakarta: UI-Press dalam Skripsi Nuryahana, 2016).
Table 2. Frequency Distribution by Age at Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta
Age
Work Stress
Total No anxiety/stress Mild
anxiety/stress
Moderate anxiety /stress
Severe anxiety /stress
Very extreme anxiety /stress
n % n % n % n % n %
<36 year 21 44.7 7 14.9 11 23.4 5 10.6 3 6.4 47 (100%)
>=36 year 21 52.2 6 15.0 3 7.5 7 17.5 3 7.5 40 (100%)
Total 42 48.3 13 14.9 14 16.1 12 13.8 6 6.9 87 (100%)
Table 3 shows that the level of junior high school education has a level of no anxiety as much as 100%. While at the S2 level experienced a very severe level of anxiety, as much as 33.3%. This shows that the level of education is related to the level of anxiety/stress, employees with low education do not always experience anxiety/stress, and employees with higher education also cannot be sure that they will be free from the possibility of experiencing anxiety/stress. The higher one's education level, the stronger the desire to work with a high level of challenge. According to Sunyoto (2013) in (Utami
et al., 2021), stress is related to demands and resources. Claims are responsibilities. pressure, obligation, or uncertainty that a person faces at work.
Table 3. Frequency Distribution based on Education at Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta
Education
Work Stress
Total No anxiety/stress Mild
anxiety/stress
Moderate anxiety /stress
Severe anxiety /stress
Very extreme anxiety /stress
n % n % n % n % n %
Junior High
School 2 100 0 0,0 0 0,0 0 0,0 0 0,0 2 (100%)
Senior High
School 11 36,7 8 26,7 4 13,3 5 16,7 2 6,7 30 (100%)
Bachelor
Degree 26 53,1 5 10,2 9 18,4 5 10,5 4 8,2 49 (100%)
Graduate 3 50 0 0,0 1 16,7 2 33,3 0 0,0 6 (100%)
Total 42 48,3 13 14,9 14 16,1 12 13,8 6 6,9 87 (100%)
The level of anxiety/stress based on marital status in table 4 has as many as 16.7% of those with married status experiencing stress. Marital status usually affects a person because if someone already has a family, the responsibilities and obligations are not only on himself but also his family. This gives its burden when doing work (Sulistyana & Suci, 2018).
Table 4. Frequency Distribution based on Marital status at Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta
Marital status
Work Stress
Total No anxiety/stress Mild
anxiety/stress
Moderate anxiety /stress
Severe anxiety /stress
Very extreme anxiety /stress
n % n % n % n % n %
Marry 36 50,0 11 15,3 10 13,9 12 16,7 3 4,2 72 (100%)
Not married
yet 6 40,0 2 13,3 4 26,7 0 0,0 3 20,0 15 (100%)
Total 42 48,3 13 14,9 14 16,1 12 13,8 6 6,9 87 (100%)
In this study, based on table 5. 16.7% had stress on the length of work <9 years. This is in line with previous research conducted by Zulkifli (2019) that workers with longer tenures have better abilities and understanding of their work compared to workers with shorter tenures. This is because the experience possessed by workers with shorter tenures must adapt to the work. The results of this study indicate that tenure has a significant relationship with work stress, and workers with shorter tenures are more likely to experience work stress (Zulkifli et al., 2019).
Table 5. Frequency Distribution based on length of work at Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta
Length of work
Work Stress
Total No anxiety/stress Mild
anxiety/stress
Moderate anxiety /stress
Severe anxiety /stress
Very extreme anxiety /stress
n % n % n % n % n %
<9 year 16 44,4 7 19,4 6 16,7 4 11,1 3 8,3 36 (100%)
>= 9 year 26 51,0 6 11,8 8 15,7 8 15,7 3 5,9 51 (100%)
Total 42 48,3 13 14,9 14 16,1 12 13,8 6 6,9 87 (100%)
Characteristics of respondents in this study include gender, age, level of education, marital status, and years of service. This study shows that the majority of respondents for the male gender are 55 respondents (63.5%). Meanwhile, for the age of most <36 years, namely 47 respondents (54%), and the level of education, some respondents have a bachelor's degree as much as 49 respondents (56.3 %).
Based on marital status, the majority of respondents were married, many 72 respondents (82.6%), and for the period of fun, most of the respondents had a working period of >-9 years, as many as 51 respondents (58.6%). This study found that the level of work stress based on the description of the table saw that: Gender, Age, Level of Education, Marital Status, and Length of Working.
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
Based on the research that has been done, it can be concluded that the level of stress experienced by employees who experience stress after the COVID-19 pandemic at UMJ is of various types female sex as much as 9.4%, age <36 years as much as 23.4%, education S1 as much as 18.4%, married status as much as 16.7%, and years of work >9 years as much as 16.7%.
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