Descriptions of new Cretaceous invertebrate fossils from Kansas and Texas

292 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

defined

upon

botlithe inner

and

outer surface; the

margin

oftheaper- turesnotbeing- even evertedor raised

upon

the outer surface. More- over,these perforations exist

upon

themiddleportion ofthevalveonly, thegreaterpartoftherows extending fromthe

umbo

tothebasalborder.

In the

young

state,as

shown

onthe

umbo

ofadultshells,alesserpart ofthe

median

interspaceswere thusperforated,but astheshell

grew

perforationswere introducedintothenext outeradjoining interspaces, so thatfullyonehalf ofthesurfaceofthe adultshell

was

occupied

by

them.

Both

the anterior

and

posterior portions ofthesm^fiice,compris- ingaconsiderable proportionofthe ribs

which mark

the surface,are entirelywithouteitherholes or spines,

and

besides theribs, thesurface is

marked

only

by

theordinarylines

and

imbrications ofgrowth.

Thisshellthereforediffers from the typical formsofCriocardiumin

having

perforationsonlyinstead of spines ornodes

upon

theintercostal interspaces_;

and

in havingneither spines nor perforations

upon

either theanterioror posterior portions of thevalves,

upon

whichportionsin.

Criocardium thespines are

more

conspicuousthan

upon

the

median

por- tion.

These

differencesfrom Criocardiumare certainly as great asthose

which

separate

any

of the other recognizedsubgeneraof Cardium,

and

thisshell is therefore as

worthy

as theyof subgenericdesignation. I thereforeproposeforasectionofthegenus Cardium,of

which

C. specie-

sum Meek & Hay den

isthetype,thesubgeneric

name

ofEtimiocardium,

Washington,

December2, 1879.

DESCRIPTIOIVS OF NEW CKETACEOU8 IIVVERTEBKATE

FOS$9ICi8

FROM

ICAIVSASAJSn

TEXAS.

By

C. A.

TIHITE.

Of

thefossilsdescribedin this paper the

two

Aviculids

were

discov- ered

by

Prof.B. F.

Mudge,*

in strata ofthe

Dakota

Group,inSaline County, Kansas,

and

sent

by him

totheNational

Museum. The

locality ofthesefossilsisonlyaboutthree miles distant fromthat at

which he

obtained aseriesoffossils

which were

described

and

figured invol.ix, IT.S.Geol.Surv. Terr.(4toser.).

They

areallfrom the

Dakota

Group,

and

allevidently

from

the

same

local horizon,because at least

two

of theassociated species are identicalwith

two which

were

among

those described

by

Mr.

Meek, and

just referredto.

Alltheremainderare

from

Texas, havingbeen sent respectively

by

Mr. G.

W. Marnoch,

from

Bexar County

; Mr.D. H.

Walker from

Bell County,

and

Mr. S.

W.

Black, from Collin County.

The

types ofall thesespeciesare

now

inthecollectionsoftheiSTational

Museum.

*Whilethesepagesarepassingthroughthe press the sad iutelligeucecomesthat ProfessorMudge^isdead.

He

wasa sincere devoteeiiudan intelligentinterpreterof nature, and, betterstill,anhonestman. Peacetoliisashes.—C.A.W.

PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 293

MOLLUSCA.

Genus OSTEEA

Liuuaeius.

Subgenus Alectryonia

Fischer.

Ostrea (Alectryonia)blackii(sp. nov.). Plate4,figs.1and2.

Shell irregularlysubovateinmarginal outline, moderatelj'^ capacious, beakssmall,sometimes obscure

and

sometimes moderately prominent.

Lower

valveusuallymoderately deep

and

capacious,itsconvexity being

more

prominent about the middle than elsewhere, often snbalate,but this latter feature is usuallyobscure; scar ofattachment at the

beak

usuallypresent

and

oftenmoderatelylarge; ligament-areausually short

and

rather small,but sometimes comparativelylarge

and

laterally ex- tended; ligament-furrow welldefined

and

having the usual(;haracter- isticsofthegenus.

Upper

valvenearlyflat

and

corresponding withthe lowerinother respects,exceptthatit isnotsobroad alongthe hinge-bor- der

and

never hastherethe subalations

which

sometimes

mark

thelower valve.

The

a<lductor scars aremoderatelylarge

and have

theform com-

mon

to Alectryonia,namely,curved-spatnlate. Surface ofboth valves

marked by

concentriclines

and

strongimbrications ofgrowth,

and

each

by

adozenor

more

radiating ribs or plications,

which

constituteacon- spicuousfeature of the shell; but theyare usually

somewhat

lessdis- tinct

upon

the

upper

than

upon

the

under

valve.

Length, 68u

32millimeters.

Inform

and

general aspect this shell approaches that ofa typical Ostrea; butinthecharacterofitsadductorscars,the extentofitsplica- tions,

and

the subalation of itscardinalborderitisproperlyreferable to Alectryonia.

The

onlyshellwith

which

it

need

be

compared

is0.

hellaplicata

Shumard,

also from Texas. It differs from that shell in being constantly larger, proportionally less capacious,broader

toward

thebase,

and

inhavingitshinge-border longer

and more

oblique.

Position

and

locality.

—

^{Cretaceousstrata,}CollinCounty, Texas,

where

it

was

collected

by

Mr. S.

W.

Black,

and

sent

by him

to the Smith- sonianInstitution.

The

specific

name

isgivenin hishonor.

Genus EXOGYEA

Say.

Exogyraforniculata(sp.uov.). Plate4,figs.3and4.

Shell subtrihedral in lateraloutline,

somewhat

compressedvertically.

Under, or left valvethick, especiallyits

umbonal

half;

beak

curved strongly

toward

the posterior border,

and

inthe planeofthefreemar- gins ofthe valve,not forming so

much

as one complete volution,its pointbeingfree but closely approaching the posterior border of the valve; ligament-area irregularly triangular, moderatelylarge, extend- ingto the

apex

ofthe beak,itssulcus welldeveloped; interior surface

294 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

having

theusualcharacteristicsofthegenus.

A

faint, illy-definecl sul- cusisapparent on the posteriorside,extendingfrom the

umbo

tothe basal border,

between which

sulcus

and

the laterallyflattened-concave posterior border ofthe va.lre thereis an equally indefined radiating curvedridge.

The

anterior portion of thevalveis

marked by

astrong angular,

rough

carina orrid.q;^

which

extendsfromthe

beak

to thebasal border.

The

prominence ofthis ridge gives a flattened aspect to the outer surface of the valve,

and

also produces aflattened spaceof con- siderablewidth

between

it

and

the anteriormargin. Surface

marked by

the ordinary coarse lines of growth, often presenting the coarse imbrications so

common

to the Ostreidw;

and upon

the ridges just describedthere are occasionalnodesorvaultedprojectionsof portions oftheshell.

Upper

valve

unknown.

Length, 70 millimeters; breadth across near thebase,

where

it is broadest,50millimeters.

In general aspectthis shellis

much

likea Gryphwa,butitisreferred to

Exogyra

because of its laterallyinstead of perpendicularlycurved

umbo and

beak. This species therefore affords additionalevidence of thewell-knownfactthatthe

two

genera

named

approach each other very closely. Specificallythis shelliswell

marked by

itsstrong,

rough

angu- lar carina,its free beak,

narrow umboual

region

and

broad base.

la

theserespectsitdiffers too

much

from

any

described form to

need

de- tailedcomparison.

By

casual observationit

may

be mistaken forthe variety navia Conrad, of Grypliiea pltcheri; but a comparison of the beaksofthe

two

formswill

show

a well-markeddifference.

Position

and

locality.

—

^{Cretaceousstrata,}

Bexar

County, Texas,

where

it

was

collected

by

G.

W.

Marnoch,esq.,togetherwith

many

well-known Cretaceousspeciesofthat region.

ExogyravT-inchelli (sp. uov.)- Plate2, figs.1uud2;amiplate3,figs.1aud:2.

Shell of

medium

size,irregularlysubovate in marginaloutline; ses- sile,orattached

by

alargepartofthesurfaceof thelowerorleftvalve, beingoblicjuelyinclined so thattheanteriorborderisvery

much

higher than the posterior.

Lower

valve massive, moderately deep, its front sidenearlyperpendicular

and

of considerable height vertically;

umbo

vertically flattenedcontinuously withthe frontside,

and

broadly curving

backward

;

beak

closelyincurved underthe posteriorborder

and

there concealed; ligamental groove long

and

narrow, occupying the

whole

curvatiu-e ofthe

umbo. Upper

valve nearly flat, thick; the anterior partbeing

much

thicker than the posterior;

beak

vertically thin or compressed,closelycoded ina plane with that ofthevalve,

making a

little

more

than oneentire volution. Surface

marked by

coarselinesof growth,

and

nearthe anterior borders of both valves, especiallythe upper,it isusuallydeeplylaciniate.

Length, 90 millimeters; breadth, G6 millimeters: height in front,55 millimeters.

Thisspeciesbelongstothe

same

section of the genus

Exogyra

with

PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 295

E. haUotoidea Sowerby,sp.,

and

E.walkeriWhite.

The

latter species islarger

and

proportionallybroaderthan U.ivmchelU,

and

not properly sessile as the latterspeciesis. U.haUotoidea,as figured

by

d'Orbigny in Pal. Frangaise,t.iii,pi.478,differs from JEJ.winchelU in being pro- portionatelyhigher in front

and

narrowerintransverse diameter,

and

innothaving the beaksso

much

incurved.

U.

interruptaConrad,

from

Mississippi, also belongs to the

same

section, but that species is de- scribed as

having

radiatingribs,

which

ourshasnot.

Positio)!

and

loeality.

—

^{Cretaceousstrata,}CollinCounty, Texas,

where

it

was

collected

and

sent to the SmithsonianInstitution

by

Mr.S.

W.

Black.

The

collections of the Institution also containatine

example

sent

by

Prof.

A.

Winchell

many

years ago from Prairie Bluffs, Ala., whichisbelieved tobespecificallyidenticalwiththeform heredescribed, but^isproportionally

more

elongate,hasa largermuscularscar,

and

the

umbonal

curveisalittle

more

abrupt.

The

specific

name

isgiven in honorofProfessor Winchell.

(^enus

GERVILLIA

Defranee.

Gervilliamudgeana(sp.luiv.). Pbite5.tigs.3and4.

This.shell is

known

only

by

natural casts in

brown

hematite ofthe interior,

and

a few adhering fragments

showing

thecharacterofthe test, it is moderately large,laterally distorted; hinge-line

compara-

tivelylong,veryobliquewiththe axis of theshell,i>roducinga

somewhat

prominentposterior alation

which

isnotdistinctlydefinedfrom the

body

of the shell; cartilage-pitsintlie area of each valve six orseven, as indicated

by

undulations

upon

the cast; beaks placedA'erynearthe ante- riorend,

beyond

whichthereappearsto

have

beenno distinctanterior ear;

beak

ofthe rightvalve

more

prominent than that of the other, althoughthe rightvalveisless

convex

transv^erselythan theleft; right valve having a

somewhat

regular

and

strong longitudinalconvexity

;

but itstransverseconvexityisverylittleinthe anteriorhalf,while its posterior halfis nearlyflat; leftvalvenearly straight, orevenslightly concave longitudinallyalong theaxis, but verystronglyconvex trans- versely inalli)artsoftheshell,thisconvexitybeing

more

abruj)talong theaxis than elsewhere;

and

there is also

between

the axis

and

the hinge-margina slightly raised,

rounded

foldwhich extends from behind the

beak

tothe posteriormargin; adductor muscularimj^ression large

and

distinct ineachvalve.

A

few fragments

show

thesurfaceto

have

been

marked by

the ordinary concentriclinesofgrowth,

and

alsothat thetestalthoughfirm

was

notmassive.

The

dimensions cannot bedefinitely given,butthe largest

example

dis- coveredindicatesa lengthof at least80millimeters.

Thisshell differstoo

much

from

any

of the few

known

Cretaceous species ofthegenusto needdetailedcomparison, butitisrelated to G.

subtortuosa

Meek & Hay

den,

which

it resembles inbeingtortuous. It differs,however,in being a proportionally^

much

shorter shell,in the

296 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

shape

and

positionof theadductor scars,

and

in the relative position

and

arrangementofthe cartilage-pits. It islesstortuous than G.tor- tuosaSowerby,

and

its proportionsaredifferent.

The

relationof this specieswith G. subtortuosaisdoubtlessgenetic,

and

itpresent<sone

more among

other

now known

similar cases of e^identgenetic relationship

between

themolluscan faunaofthe

Dakota Group and

that ofthelater Cretaceousgroupsofthe

West, which

were formerly

unknown,

but

which

the discoveries of Professor

Mudge have done more

than thoseof all others toshow.

Position

and

locality.

—

Strata ofthe

Dakota

Group, Saline County, Kansas,

where

it

was

discovered

by

Prof.B. F.

Mudge,

in

whose honor

thesjiecific

name

isgiven.

Genus PTBRIA

Scopoli.

Subgenus Oxytoma Meek.

Pteria(Oxytoma)salinensis(sp.nov.). Plate5, figs.1and2.

Shellratherlarge fora CretaceousPteria;the body,exclusive ofthe wings,obliquelysubovate,broad at thebase,moderatelygibbous,dis- tinctlybut not verygreatlyinequivalve; theleftvalve, as usual,

more convex

than theright

and

its

beak more prominent

; the convexity of the valves

somewhat

uniform butincreasing

toward

the

umbonal

region in each,

where

it is greatest; anterior

wing

moderately large,defined

from

the

body

ofthe shell

by

beinglaterallycompressed, but not

by any

distinctauricularfurrow; the byssal sinus

under

theanterior

wing

ofthe rightvalve

having

theusualsize

and

shape

common

to

Oxytoma;

posterior

wing

notproportionally large,

and

notdistinctlydefined

from

the

body

oftheshellexcept

by

a

somewhat

graduallateralcompression;

its posteriorangle not greatly ])roduced; hinge-linelessthan theaxial lengthofthe shell; posterioradductorscars notdistinct; anterior ad- ductor scars distinct

and

deepforashellof thisgenus, placedimmedi- atelyinfrontofthe beaks, that of theleftvalve being

more

distinctthan theother.

This,likethe last-described species,is

known

only

by

naturalcasts in

brown

hematiteofthe interiorofthe shell,the imperfection of

which

willnot allowof

an

accurate

measurement

ofallitsproportions. Itis,

however,

known

to

have

reachedanaxiallengthof

more

than COmilli- meters, a transversewidth nearits baseof at least50millimeters,

and

athickness ofabout 25 millimeters

when

both valves were innatural position.

The

characterofthesurfaceisnot

known,

butit

was

evidentlynearly smooth,asisusualwith Oxytoma. Itisrelatedprobablygenetically to P.{0.)nehrascana

Evans & Shumard,

butitisalarger

and more

robust shell,with aproportionally larger anteriorwing,

more

prominent beaks,

and

broaderbase.

Position

and

locality.

—

^{Strata ofthe}

Dakota

Group, Saline County,

EXPLANATION OF PLATE

^2.

EXOGYRAWIXCHELLl.

Fig.1,interiorviewoflowervalve,naturalsize. Fig.2,insideviewofuppervalve.

(SeeotherfiguresonPlate3.)

EXPLANATION OF PLATE

3.

EXOGYRAWINCHELLI.

Fig.1,frontviewoflowervalve,naturalsize. Fig.2,outsideviewofuppervalve.

(See otherfiguresonPlate2.

)

EXPLANATION OF PLATE

4.

OSTREABLACKII.

Fig.1,outsideviewoflowervalve, naturalsize. Fig.2,upper viewof thesame example.

EXOGYRAFORNICULATA.

Fig.3,outsideviewoflowervalve,naturalsize. Fig.4,insideviewofthesame.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE

5.

PTERIA8ALINENSIS.

Fig.1,left sideviewof natural cast of theinterior,natiual size. Fig.2,dorsal

^^ewofthe same.

GERVILLIAMUDGEANA.

Fig.3,leftsideviewofnatiual cast of the interior,natui-alsize. Fig.4,dorsal viewof thesame.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE

^6.

TIIRACIA MY.EFORMIS.

Fig.1,rightsideview,naturalsize. Fig.2,dorsalviewof the same.

PACHYMYA?COMPACTA.

Fig.3,rightsideview,naturalsize. Fig.4,dorsalviewof thesame.

Proceedings Nat. Mua.,1879. C.A.White. Plate2.

EXOG\l>A.\\IlyCHELLI.

Proceedings Kat.ilus., 1879. C.A.White. Plate 3,

Proceedings Xat. Mus.,1879. C.A.TVhite. Plate 4.

1and2.—OSTEEABLACKTI.

3and 4.—Exogykaforniculata.

Proceedings Xat. Mus.,1879. C.A.White. Plate 5.

^^m;

1and 2.—Pteriasalinensis.

3and 4.—Gekvilliamudgeana.

Proceedinga Nat. Mns.,1879. C.A."White. Plate 6.

1and 2.—Thkacia my^formis.

3and 4.—Pachymya? comi-acta.

PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 297

Kansas,

where

it

was

discovered

by

Prof.B.F.

Mudge

associatedwitk the preceding^species,

and

alsowith GyrenaDaJcotensis

Meek & Hayden

and Cardium

fkansasense

Meek.

Genus PACHYMYA

Sowerby.

Pachymya

?compacta(sp. nov.). Plate6, figs.3and4.

Shell small,narrowerposteriorlythananteriorly, slightlygaping be- hind; beaks depressed,approximate,incurved, directed forward,their positionbeing very near thefront; basal

margin

broadly convex; pos- terior

margin

narrowly rounded; postero-dorsal

margin

forming

an

oblique

downward and backward

truncation of that part pftheshell

;

cardinal

margin

nearly straight, subparallel with the basal margin,

much

shorterthan thefulllengthoftheshell; ligament short,itsarea depressed

and

sharplydefined; frontveryshort,depressed beneath the beaks

and

narrowly

rounded

below;

umbonal

ridgesprominent

and

an- gular or subangular; the space

above and

behind

them

moderately

broad and

flattened; the remainderofeach valve

somewhat

regularly convex.

Hinge and

interior

markings unknown.

Surface

marked by

the ordinaryconcentric lines ofgrowth.

Length, 29millimeters; height,18 milUmeters; thickness,both valves together, 14 millimeters.

This species ^is evidently congeneric with theshell

which

inthe

An.

Eep. U. S. Geol. Sur. Terr, for 1877,p.298,Idescribedas

Pachymya

f Jierseiji,

and

alsowith the Cypricardiaftexana of

Eoemer,

but

knowing

nothing ofthe hinge of either of these forms,I

am

not satisfiedthat theyareproperlyreferable to

Pachymya;

yetinalltheir external char- actersthey

seem

toagree.

Position

and

locality.

—

^{Cretaceous strata. Bell} County, Texas,

where

it

was

collected

by

Mr. D.

H.

Walker.

Genus THRACIA

Leach.

Thracia myaeformis(sp. uov.). PlateG,figs.1and2.

Shell transverselysubovate inmarginaloutline; valves nearlyequal;

anterior

end

regularly rounded; wider

and

thicker anteriorly than posteriorly_; posterior portion

narrowed

vertically

and somewhat

com- pressed but gaping at the extremity; basal border broadly convex;

posterior border abruptly rounded; cardinal

margin

slightly convex, but the prominent

umbones

givetheshella concave appearance behind the beaks; a distinct lineardepressionisseeninthenatm^al cast

upon

each side of the ligament; beaks prominent, incurved

and

directed a

little forward; muscular impressions not ^distinctly

shown

^{in our ex-} amples,

which

are natural casts in chalky limestone,but the pallial sinus appearsto

have been

large

and

subangularat itsanteriorend.

Surface

marked by

the ordinarylinesofgrowth,

and

also

by more

or less distinct irregular concentric wrinkles.

298 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

Length, 57 millimeters; heightfrom base to

umbo,

thickness, bothvalves together,24millimeters.

In general aspect this shell approaches T,prouti

Meek & Hayden,

from the

Upper Fox

Hills

Group

of the

Upper

Missouri Eiverregion^

butitdiffersin beingproportionallynarrower

and more produced

be- hindthe beaks,

and

inthegreaterprominenceof theumbones.

Position

and

locality.

—

^{Cretaceous strata,} Bell County, Texas,

where

it

was

collected

by

Mr.

D.

H.Walker.

Washington,

Becemher4,1879.

NOTES ON ACOtiliECTIOlV OF FISHES OBTAIIVED

I!V

THE STREAinS OF GUAIVAJtATO AND

IN

CHAPAI.A

I^AKE,

9IEXI€0, BY PROF. A DUOES.

By DATID

S.

JORDAIV.^

The

collection

which

forms the subject of this paper

was

obtained

by

Prof.

A. Duges

inthe streams of the province of

Guanajuato

in Mexico,

and by him

forwardedto theSmithsonian Institution.

Many

of

them

are extremelyinteresting as rei)resenting the ordinary

North American

fish fauna^atapoint near its southern limit,beforeitgives place to theCentral

and South American

forms.

Chirostoma estor Jordan,sp.uov.

Allied to Chirostoma humholdtianum(C.

&

Y.).

Body

elongatebutratherrobust forthe genus,thedepth aboutone- sixththelengthtothebaseofthecaudal.

Head

very large, pike-like, forming

more

than one-fourth (two- sevenths)the lengthtobaseof caudal.

Mouth

verylarge,themaxillary reachingtopastthe front oftheeye.

Intermaxillariesforming the edgeofthe

jaw

stronglycurved,their pos- teriorportionsbroadlydilated as inChirostoma menidium. Teethstrong, inseveralseriesineach jaw.

Two

smallfang-like teeth onthe front of thevomer.

Lower jaw

considerablyprojecting

beyond

theupper.

Eye

large, anterior, 5 inlengthofhead, shorter thansnout,

and

alittlenar- rower than theinterorbital space,

which

isnearlyflat.

Head

covered withscales,

which

aresmallest

bn

theoccipital region,

and

largest

on

the lower partofthecheeks. Smallerscaleson theinter- opercle.

Sides of

head

vertical, a conspicuous ridgealongtheedgeofthetop ofthe

head

above

and

behindthe eye.

Scales small, anteriorly crowded,about 72 in a longitudinal series,

and

18inacross series. Posterior

margin

of scales strongly crenate, so thatthefish feels

rough

tothetouch.

*AsProfessorJordanisfardistantwhile thispaperisgoing throughthepress,the proofhasbeencompared withhismanuscriptbythe editor of these Proceedings. In thede8crij)tion of Zoj)hendumaustraletwoverbal additions are indicated in pareu-