The next volume (Volume 6) in the series is tentatively titled Space Entrepreneurship: A Step from the Edge of Earth. Much of the world suffers from chronic violence, chaotic governments, extreme poverty, population displacement and mass starvation.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INSTITUTIONS
More than any other business sector, entrepreneurs struggle with poorly defined institutional frameworks and poorly enforced intellectual property laws, often competing unnoticed in the world's shadow economies. This book attempts to explore many, but certainly not all, of the themes that are slowly emerging in our eclectic approach to development entrepreneurship under adversity.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN TRANSITIONAL ECONOMICS
It concludes with a look at Poland's future as a full member of the EU and the promise it may hold for development. The chapter, "New Venture Performance in Transition Economies: A Conceptual Model," explores the idea that the survival and growth of new ventures depends on a country's stage of economic development and cultural characteristics.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND CRISES
POVERTY TRAPS, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF MOZAMBIQUE
ISOLATION AND WEALTH DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF ICELAND
And third, the last phase of Icelandic economic development is characterized by a change in the entrepreneurial relationship between the financial and technological components of the economy. This presents an interesting summary of the problem of isolation and the need to reach out to other economies.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND HISTORICAL DISADVANTAGES
The second article, “Portrait of an Enterprising Trade Mission: Iceland Goes to China,” by Porla'kur Karlsson, Michael Luthy, and Katrı'n O'lafsdo'ttir, examines a trade mission to China and the attitudes of trade mission participants. Economic Development of the Brazilian 'Melting Pot'', authors Jose´ Renato de Campos Arau´jo, Odair da Cruz Paiva and Carlos L.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND BUILDING HUMAN CAPITAL
The authors discuss the impact and benefits of the module on students' perceptions of entrepreneurship training as a viable work-related alternative, and then examine whether entrepreneurship training is successful. The article describes an empirical study that investigated the impact of entrepreneurship education on students' perceived self-efficacy and orientation towards new venture intentions in three different Mexican universities.
CONCLUDING REMARKS
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INSTITUTIONS
AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP $
TRUST
Dennett would argue that there are two types of things in the world: there are ''us'' and there are things ''about'' us. No.'' He said, ''What I actually see -- and I know where you're going -- is people exchanging property titles.
THE ECONOMICS OF ORGANIZATION
It is a system that ensures that there is no runaway inflation and that resources end up in the right hands. In other words, if you ask a small business in the United States if they have the resources to support a contract, they might say, yes, our house.
CALCULATING VALUE
Because the United States has forgotten “MacArthur consciousness.” But the United States has been right in the past, and it is very important to remember that. For a very simple reason: because the United States has the most money in the world.
HELPING POOR PEOPLE
TO EARN FROM THEIR OWN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Michael Finger
- INTRODUCTION
- SUCCESSES
- CONCLUSIONS
Within ``indigenous communities,'' the practical and spiritual/ceremonial dimensions of life may overlap more than they do in ``modern communities.'' Additionally, ``traditional knowledge'' suggests a sense of shared or community ownership. Modern intellectual property law recognizes ``common knowledge'' as everyone's property—the ``public domain.'' No one can patent or copyright it.
NOTES
The dynamics of the system must come from the producers of intellectual property; it will not come from the legal system. Economic development in poorer countries turns to the skillful application of legal and commercial concepts that have proven useful in richer countries.
Success in defending poor people's knowledge—in helping poor people maximize the return on their knowledge—requires a functioning intellectual property legal system. Specialized legal systems for the knowledge of poor people are an intellectual challenge for legal scholars.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN TRANSITIONAL ECONOMICS
AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN A TRANSITION CONTEXT
TRANSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS WITH MAJOR INSTITUTIONAL DEFICIENCIES
As the owner of a publishing house in Russia put it, ''In a commercial enterprise, the wage that is actually paid is several times greater than the officially calculated wage'' (Welter & Smallbone, 2003). As a result, the labor contracts in two thirds of the surveyed Russian enterprises were not legally valid (Welter & Smallbone, 2003).
INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN NEW EU MEMBER STATES AND CANDIDATE COUNTRIES
The basis of the small business policy was embedded in the national program for the adoption of the 'Aqcuis Communitaire NPAA, 2001), which included a number of specific activities demonstrating how policy development has been influenced by the EU accession agenda. The development of an appropriate institutional framework is an important part of the market reform process. Another positive feature of the current political environment in Estonia is the opportunities available for.
CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY AGENDA
Neoliberalism, SME development and the role of business support centers in the transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe. Small business economics. The role of government in the development of small businesses in transition countries. International Small Business Journal. From Dusk to Dusk: Transforming the Ownership Structure in Major Industries.Acta Oeconomica Small and Medium Enterprises in Central and Eastern Europe: Trends, Barriers and Solutions.
ENVIRONMENT AND THE LIFE-CYCLE GROWTH AND
- BACKGROUND ON THE TRANSITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL POLISH BUSINESSES
- THE STUDY
- BUSINESS CHARACTERISTICS
- BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
- POLICY IMPLICATIONS
- CONCLUSIONS
It was then that the changes in the tourism industry in the post-communist era became apparent. Innovation is one of the key elements of competence at all stages of growth and development of family businesses. The restructuring of the tourism and hospitality industry itself took place in the first years of the economic reforms.
POLISH ECONOMY $
- TRANSITION IN THE CONTEXT OF A CENTRALLY PLANNED ECONOMY
- THE FOUNDATIONS OF ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION IN POLAND
- THE STATE OF POLAND’S POST-TRANSITION ECONOMY: A SELECTED MICRO LOOK
- FUTURE PROSPECTS
- A TRANSITIONAL CONCLUSION
Not surprisingly, the role of nomenclature in Polish society is still hotly debated. As a result, members of the nomenclature were seen as the main "winners" in the transformation process (Hunter, Ryan, & Hrechak, 1994). What should be the role of the nomenklatura and ex-communists in the political and economic life of Polish society.
IN THE TRANSITION ECONOMIES
A CONCEPTUAL MODEL
CULTURAL AND SOCIAL CAPITAL OF THE ENTREPRENEUR
In addition, the survival and success of a new business is influenced by the behavior of the founder. In contrast to the above study, Stuart and Abetti (1990) found a negative correlation between formal education and new venture performance. Dunkelberg, Cooper, Woo, and Dennis (1987) reported an insignificant effect of an entrepreneur's investment in education on new venture growth.
TRANSITION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR NEW VENTURES IN THE POST-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES
An additional ingredient in the transition process is the creation of market institutions that are an integral part of the external environmental conditions for new venture creation and development in established market economies, e.g. financial and business support infrastructure (Smallbone & Welter, 2003). The initial resources for the new ventures in the Central and Eastern European countries are primarily influenced by the historical economic legacy of communism, by the experience of the founders in the market economy and by the structural change of the economic system. Likewise, vocational training in the central planned economy is still important for the founders' knowledge of the principles of the market economy.
TRANSITION CONTEXT OF NEW VENTURE PERFORMANCE: AN EXTENDED MODEL
There will be a negative correlation between an entrepreneur's experience in a state-owned enterprise and the performance of a new enterprise. There will be a positive correlation between the founder's prior work experience gained abroad and the success of the new venture. There will be a positive correlation between the entrepreneur's close ties to key institutions and the success of the new venture.
CONCLUSIONS
Initial human and financial capital as predictors of new venture performance.Journal of Business Venturing,9, 371–395. Personal and extended networks are central to the entrepreneurial process.Journal of Business Venturing,6, 305–313. A review of the impact of education and prior experience on new venture performance. Entrepreneurship and Innovation.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND CRISES
AND THE GLOBAL
ECONOMY: IMPLICATIONS FOR LESS-DEVELOPED
COUNTRIES AND POOR POPULATIONS
BROADER IMPLICATIONS OF GLOBALIZATION FOR VULNERABILITY
Different production activities have potentially different sensitivities to natural hazards, so any change in the composition of production could be significant depending on the level and nature of the risk. In summary, globalization in the form of increased FDI flows will change the nature of risk. For example, in the case of the latter, as the World Bank (2002, p. 17) notes, “some environmental issues, such as global warming, are inherently global.
DISASTERS AND THEIR IMPACT ON GLOBALIZATION
The results suggest that over the past thirty years, the more risk-sensitive low-income countries may have experienced a relatively slower rate of economic growth than their less risk-sensitive counterparts that had similar per capita incomes to begin with. of the period. However, there are fundamental problems in conducting such an analysis, especially since less risky countries were already typically among the more developed countries in the second half of the twentieth century. For example, Charveriat (2000) notes that communities in the northeastern part of Brazil and the coastal areas of Ecuador and Peru tend to be poorer than the less dangerous parts of the same countries.
A COUNTRY EXPERIENCE IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION: MALAWI
Late monsoon flooding in the southwestern region of Bangladesh 2000. Engineering News, p. 1997a). Economic impacts of natural disasters in Fiji. 1998). The Impact of Drought on the Economies of Sub-Saharan Africa: A Preliminary Examination. 2001).Dominica: Natural Disasters and Economic Development in a Small Island State. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2001). Some issues related to food security in the context of WTO negotiations on agriculture.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
A SHORT REVIEW
DISASTERS AND THE ENTREPRENEURIAL ECONOMY
While livelihood methodologies and strategies tend to frame many of the intervention and recovery strategies in slow disasters, there is also a growing body of literature that addresses rapid disasters such as natural or technological disasters. Mozambique is one of the world's poorest countries and ranks among the bottom 5% in the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). About 23% of the aid money was devoted to the development of the productive sectors, such as fisheries and agriculture.
IMPACT AND RECOVERY OF SMALL BUSINESS
Another similar line of research by the Delaware Disaster Research Center includes surveys and case studies of businesses after the 1993 floods in the Midwest states of the USA. A number of conclusions are drawn, such as that business owners tended to use personal assets to cover. disaster losses and that the success of small business recovery may be more a function of the larger regional economy than disaster-related factors. Other notable research includes Kroll, Landis, Shen, and Stryker (1991) who examined businesses following the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake in Oakland, California and Alesch, Taylor, Ghanty, and Nagy (1993) who examined small business post-disaster financial bankruptcy forecasting. created. model based on financial ratios.
CONCULSIONS
There appears to be a variety of literatures in the areas of (a) appropriate aid management, (b) the impact of disasters on short- and long-term economic development, (c) natural disaster hazard and risk management, and (d) the relationship between disasters and socio-economic conditions , such as poverty and gender. Fourth, entrepreneurial solutions can help alleviate some of the glaring inequities of natural disasters for certain socio-economic groups of people. Predicting long-term corporate disaster recovery: A comparison of the Loma Prieta earthquake and Hurricane Andrew. Environmental hazards Learning from disaster recovery: the case of Mozambique.
BUSINESS IN SOUTH AFRICA
HIV/AIDS, CRIME AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
Estimates by the World Bank indicate that as of July, million people were living with HIV/AIDS. It is clear from research (Trebilcock, 1989; World Bank, 2005; Conyers, 2004; International Labor Office, 2005) that HIV/AIDS threatens economic growth, reduces the labor force, lowers productivity and increases social insurance costs (Fraser, Grant, Mwanza, & Naidoo, 2002; Connelly & Rosen, 2003; Lehohla, 2003). In the United Kingdom, for example, business crime is estimated to cost around £19 million annually (Axa Insurance, 2003).
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The Department of Trade and Industry has compiled a database of the names and addresses of the service providers in South Africa that they were able to locate. In addition, the service providers were surveyed for the names and addresses of other service providers with (1) whom they are familiar with, (2) who they work with or have worked with in the past, or (3) who they know provide similar services to SMEs. The questionnaire was therefore sent to 107 service providers in the Western Cape province.
