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Environmental quality assessment using microalgae structures adjacent ﬁsh faming at Setoko Island, Batam City, Kepulaun Riau Province

(Conference Paper)

(Open Access) ,

Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia

Center of Marine Ecology and Biomonitoring for Sustainable Aquaculture (Ce-MEBSA), Integrated Laboratory, Diponegoro University, Tembalamg Campus, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Along with the increasing challenges that come with the demand for national and international fisheries' products and the potential emergence of various environmental concerns, various efforts have been made to increase production capacity through extensification and intensification programs. This study aimed to assess the environmental quality and the level of disturbance in the floating net cage aquaculture area based on the microalgae community structure.

The research was conducted from August to October at the water ecosystem used for aquaculture at Setoko Island, Batam City, Kepulauan Riau Province. Purposive random sampling was used by determining sampling stations with three replicates. Data was analyzed using saprobic, Shanon-Wiener (H') diversity, abundance and domination indices. The result showed that genus microalgae (bawal fish fish farming), genus (fish farming kakap) and genus of microalgae (kerapu fish farming ) consisting of Chlorophyta, Chyanophyta Chrysophyta and

Dinophyta were recorded. The value of H' index at the farming area ranged from . to . . Microalgae abundance was dominated by Phacus sp, Coscinodiscus sp, Climacosphenia sp and Spirogyra sp. Based on the saprobic index, the farm area has an index value of . , thus it can be reﬀerred to as the oligo/β-meso-saprobic phase, indicating light disturbance by organic enrichment. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

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Bio-indicator Microalgae Stratiﬁed Double Floating Net Cage

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Volume 1025, Issue 1, 30 May 2018, Article number 012036

7th International Seminar on New Paradigm and Innovation on Natural Sciences and Its Application, ISNPINSA 2017; Semarang; Indonesia; 17 October 2017 through 17 October 2017;

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

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Content from this work may be used under the terms of theCreative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

1234567890 ‘’“”

ISNPINSA-7 IOP Publishing

IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series

1025

(2018) 011001 doi :10.1088/1742-6596/1025/1/011001

PREFACE

The 7th International Seminar on New Paradigm and Innovation on Natural Sciences and Its Application (ISNPINSA-7) is annual conferences organized by Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics (FSM) Diponegoro University and has been successfully conducted since 2011.

The aims of ISNPINSA are to facilitate brain storming and state of the art information in field of sciences and mathematics; to increase innovation of technology that can be applied in industries; to contribute in formulating strategy to increase the role of science for community;

and to stimulate collaboration between industries, researchers and government to increase community welfare. The theme of 7th ISNPINSA in 2017 is “Science and Data Science for Sustainable Development Goals”.

The scope of the field of participants comes from various fields including biology, physics, chemistry, statistics, mathematics, informatics, environment, public health, and relevant fields that contribute to sustainable development. The conference was held in Semarang, Indonesia on October, 17th, 2017. There were three keynote speakers and three invited speaker who came from Japan, Italy, Malaysia, Philipines and Indonesia. The number of participants of this seminar were more than 200 consist of researchers, lecturers, postgraduate and undergraduate students from various universities and after the selection process there are 132 articles selected to be published in the present conference proceeding.

The Editors Dr. Budi Warsito

Sapto Purnomo Putro, Ph.D.

Ali Khumaeni, Ph.D.

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6

1234567890 ‘’“”

ISNPINSA-7 IOP Publishing

IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series

1025

(2018) 011001 doi :10.1088/1742-6596/1025/1/011001

LIST OF REFEREES 1. Prof. Widowati 2. Prof. Mustafid

3. Prof. Wahyu Setia Budi 4. Sapto P Putro, PhD 5. Dr. Munifatul Izzati 6. Dr. Budi Warsito 7. Dr. Eng. Ali Khumaeni 8. Dr. Di Asih I Maruddani 9. Dr. Muhammad Nur, DEA 10. Hendri Widyandari, PhD 11. Dr. Kusworo Adi

12. Dr. Heri Sutanto

13. Dr. Endang Kusdiyantini, DEA 14. Dr. Jafron W. Hidayat

15. Rully Rahadian, PhD 16. Anto Budiharjo, PhD

17. Dr. Tri Retnaningsih Soeprobowati 18. Ismiyarto, PhD

19. Dr. Retno Ariadi Lusiana 20. Dr. Tarno, MSi

21. Adi Wibowo, PhD

LIST OF SPEAKERS Keynote Speaker:

Prof. Dr. Masahiko Tani University of Fukui, Japan Prof. Dr. Norsarahaida Saidina Amin Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Mario Rosario Guarracino, PhD. Instituto di Calcolo e Reti ad Alte Prestazioni- National Research Council (ICAR-CNR), Italy Dr. dr. Budi Wiweko, Sp.OG-KFER. University of Indonesia, Jakarta

Invited Speaker:

Prof. Elmer S. Estacio, PhD. National Institute of Phyics, University of the Philippines, Manila,

Ismiyarto, S.Si., M.Si., PhD. Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia

Dr. Eng. Adi Wibowo, S.Si., M.Kom. Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia

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1234567890 ‘’“”

ISNPINSA-7 IOP Publishing

IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series

1025

(2018) 011001 doi :10.1088/1742-6596/1025/1/011001

LIST OF COMMITTEES Steering Committee

Prof. Muhammad Zainuri, Diponegoro University, Indonesia Prof. Widowati, S.Si., M.Si., Diponegoro University, Indonesia Prof. Heru Susanto, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Sapto Purnomo P, Ph.D, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Drs. Bayu Surarso, M.Sc., Ph.D., Diponegoro University, Indonesia Scientific Committee

Prof. Norsarahida Saidina Amin, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Prof. Dr. Masahiko Tani, University of Fukui, Japan

Mario Rosario Guarracino, Ph.D, ICAR-CNR

Prof. Elmer S. Estacio, University of the Philippines Diliman Dr. dr. Budi Wiweko, Sp.OG-KFER, University of Indonesia Prof. Mustafid, Ph.D., Diponegoro University, Indonesia Prof. Wahyu Setia Budi, Diponegoro University, Indonesia Dr. Munifatul Izzati, Diponegoro University, Indonesia Dr. Muhammad Nur, DEA, Diponegoro University, Indonesia Ismiyarto, Ph.D., Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Adi Wibowo, Ph.D., Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Organizing Committee Chairman:

Dr. Budi Warsito, M.Si.

Vice Chairman:

Dr. Eng. Ali Khumaeni Secretary:

Dr. Di Asih I Maruddani, M.Si.

Members:

Yayuk Astuti, Ph.D

Nurdin Bahtiar, S.Si., M.Kom.

Rismiyati, B.Eng, M.Cs.

Pandji Triadyaksa, SSi, M.Sc.

Nur Azizah, SE Joko Rustianto, S.IP.

Iys Syabilla Rusda, SIP Fajar Budi Handoyo Secretariat:

Alik Maulidiyah, M.Sc.

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ISNPINSA-7 IOP Publishing

IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series

1025

(2018) 012046 doi :10.1088/1742-6596/1025/1/012046

Palatal rugae comparison between ethnic Javanese and non- Javanese

Basman RS, Puspita AD, Achmad RT, Suhartono AW, Auerkari EI

^*

Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia Jl Salemba Raya 4, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia

*Email: [email protected]

Abstract. Palatal rugae patterns are thought to remain unchanged from the beginning of formation until the death of the individual, and as unique as fingerprints. This study aimed to compare palatal rugae between ethnic Javanese and non-Javanese in Indonesia. The study sample consisted of maxillary casts from 47 Javanese and 53 non-Javanese subjects. The patterns of palatal rugae were recorded based on the Thomas and Kotze classification. In the results, the only variable with indicated significant difference between the sample populations was observed in the lower frequency of circular shape rugae for the non-Javanese group. The value of this frequency as a population-level indicator is reduced by the relative rarity of this rugae shape.

Keyword: Palatal rugae, rugoscopy, forensic odontology, ethnic difference

1. Introduction

Palatal rugae are located on the anterior part of the palatum mucosa that spreads in both sides of the palate, behind the papillary insisve [1,2]. The unique pattern of human palatal rugae allows for the use of these patterns in identification of individuals [3]. Palatal rugae patterns are formed in the third month of intrauterine development [4].

The function of palatal rugae is to prevent food from coming out from the mouth, help in mastication process, and to participate in talking and sucking in children. The palatal rugae also play a role in the perception of taste and food texture due to the presence of gustatory and tactile receptors.

Palatal rugae have good resistance to changes by disease, physical trauma, thermal insult, decomposition or chemicals because the palatal rugae are protected by lips, cheeks, and teeth [1]. In the case of corpse decomposition, palatal rugae resist post mortem decomposition up to 7 days after death [5].

In the process of individual identification, it may happen that primary identification methods such as analysis of fingerprints, DNA and dental records cannot be used when the victim's body is badly burned and jaws are edentulous. Then alternative methods, like palatal rugae analysis, could help [6].

Apart from each individual having a different palatal rugae morphology, the process of analysis and

identification carries low cost [7]. Tooth eruption and tooth extraction have generally no effect on the

pattern or position of palatal rugae, although sometimes the rugae close to the alveolar arch may shift

position after tooth extraction [8]. The palatal rugae pattern may also change under some conditions

such as finger sucking habits in children, and pressure by orthodontic treatment [9]. The present study

aims to compare palatal rugae between ethnic Javanese and non-Javanese in Indonesia.

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1234567890 ‘’“”

ISNPINSA-7 IOP Publishing

IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series

1025

(2018) 012075 doi :10.1088/1742-6596/1025/1/012075

Lipid production from tapioca wastewater by culture of Scenedesmus sp. with simultaneous BOD, COD and nitrogen removal

Romaidi^1*, Muhammad Hasanudin¹, Khusnul Kholifah¹, Alik Maulidiyah², Sapto P. Putro², Akira Kikuchi^3,4, Toshifumi Sakaguchi⁵

1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia

2Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia

3Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia

4Institute of Environmental and Water Resource Management, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)

5Faculty of Environmental and Life Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Japan

*Corresponding’s author: [email protected]

Abstract. The use of microalgae to produce biodiesel or possibly remove nutrients from industrial wastewater has gained important attention during recent years due to their photosynthetic rate and its versatile nature to grow in various wastewater systems. In this study, a microalgae, Scenedesmus sp., was cultured to enhance the lipid production and nutrients removal from tapioca wastewater sample. To assess lipid production, Scenedesmus sp.

was cultured in different concentration of tapioca wastewater sample (from 0 to 100 %), and nutrient removal including BOD, COD, NH₄, NO₂, NO₃ level by Scenedesmus sp. was assessed in 100% of tapioca wastewater culture. After 8 days of culture, it was found out that 50% of tapioca wastewater sample resulted in highest concentration of lipid content than that of the other concentrations. The level of environment indicator as nutrient removal such as BOD, COD, NH₄, NO₂, NO₃ were also decreased up to 74%, 72%, 95%, 91%, and 91%, respectively.

The pH condition changed from initial condition acidic (pH: 4) to neutral or basic condition (pH: 7-8) as recommended in wastewater treatment system. This research provided a novel approach and achieved efficient simultaneous lipid production and nutrients removal from tapioca wastewater sample by Scenedesmus’s culture system.

Keyword: Scenedesmus sp., tapioca wastewater, lipid production

1. Introduction

The energy crisis is one of the most important problems faced by all people over the world in the 21st century. The highest consumption of fossil fuels has result in greenhouse effect and causes global climate change [1,2]. One of a type of renewable energy is microalgae biomass-based biofuel, which is considered as one of the most potent substitutes for fossil fuel [2]. However, to increase the production of microalgae biomass, several strategies should be developed, such as modification of culture medium and environmental factors. Hence, one of promising strategies is using wastewater sample as

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1234567890 ‘’“”

ISNPINSA-7 IOP Publishing

IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series

1025

(2018) 012116 doi :10.1088/1742-6596/1025/1/012116

Comparative studies on the salt content of white bread and wholemeal bread

Rachmad Adi Riyanto

^1,2

, Rezzy Eko Caraka

^3.4

1

Department of Food Science and Technology, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Central Java

2

School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, United Kingdom

3

School of Mathematical Sciences, The National University of Malaysia, Malaysia

4

Department of Statistics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia

E-mail: [email protected] / [email protected]

Abstract. Bread contributes to the high salt daily intake of human which can cause increased blood pressure and cardiovascular health problems. Salt in bread has some important functions that affect the bread quality. However, some government organization regulated to reduce salt in bread production. Hence, this study aims to explain the salt content in commercial white bread and wholemeal bread by Mohr titration and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS).

Based on statistical analysis by using F test and t-test can be concluded there is no significant difference of salt content in both types of bread (p>0.05), however the result by Mohr titration was significantly higher than by AAS (p<0.05).

Keyword: Salt, White Bread, Wholemeal Bread, Mohr titration, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

1. Introduction

Bread is one of the most commonly consumed food; it is also widely considered to be a food product that supplies the most dietary salt to the diet that contributes about one-sixth of daily salt intake [3], [10]. Salt is usually added in low percentage into bread. Nevertheless, it has essential functions that affect the quality of bread. Belz et al [1] reported that salt gives sensory characteristic of bread, it also controls the yeast growth and fermentation rate, improves the bread texture and extends the shelf life by reducing spoilage.

Sodium chloride is an essential salt in the human diet. However, the intake of sodium relating to increases in blood pressure, which can cause cardiovascular health problems (Maroto et al., 2013). A recommendation of World Health Organization for maximum salt intake is 2000 mg per day for adults [6]. Hence, several countries commit to decrease the salt intake by reducing salt in food products [2].

Thus, foods salt contents are significant concerns for food processing and health care. Mohr ’ s titration

with silver nitrate solution is commonly used to analyze salt content in foods. However, it has

disadvantages due to the possibility of side reaction of silver ion with another anion such as carbonate

and phosphate and the need of de-coloration for deep-colour food. Atomic absorption

spectrophotometry is a method for direct detection of sodium ion concentration which might provide

possible alternatives to overcome these drawbacks [4].

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1

1234567890 ‘’“”

ISNPINSA-7 IOP Publishing

IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series

1025

(2018) 012117 doi :10.1088/1742-6596/1025/1/012117

Postal and trade network data within ASEAN countries and beyond

Rezzy Eko Caraka

¹

, Putu Mahardika Adi Saputra

²

, Nurrohman Wijaya

³

, Muhammad Mujiya Ulkhaq

⁴

, Muhammad Subair

⁵

1

School of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, The National University of Malaysia, Malaysia

2

Department of Economics, University of Brawijaya, Indonesia

3

School of Architecture, Planning, and Policy Development, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia

4

Department of Industrial Engineering, Diponegoro University Indonesia

5

Pulse Lab Jakarta

Email: [email protected]

Abstract. This study mainly examines the statistical analysis of Postal Network Data (PND) and Trade Data within ASEAN countries and beyond. In addition, based on the previous study on the global network structure, including postal network, as proxies for national well-being, we also assess how the PND can affect the other recent socioeconomic indicators among ASEAN countries. This study aims to address the general question of whether structural network properties of different flow networks between ASEAN countries can be used to produce proxy indicators for the socioeconomic profile of a country. Moreover, we are using statistical analysis just like the correlation to measure the variables post from and post to data with life expectancy, CPI, mobile subscriber, Internet penetration, fixed phone, HDI, GDP and CO² emission. After getting the correlation value. The next step we do partial least square (PLS) on the model we have built before. Just as getting 3 cluster component based on the data.

Also, Matrix of the intensity connection is used to understand also compare the positions of countries within the different networks several socioeconomic indicators

1. Introduction

In the history of humanity, long-distance communications network through physical postal commodity has been established since the last century [4]. Physical postal can represent the characteristics of individual behavior, local, regional and national economic activity and international economic relation [5]. Although, presently digital commodity may disrupt and replace the network flow of physical postal commodity, however, it is still being used mainly for certain trading goods and activities.

Previous work has studied flows of physical and digital commodities that affect the wealth, resilience and function of a social system on global, regional, national and sub-national levels. This study aims to address the general question of whether structural network properties of different flow networks between ASEAN countries can be used to produce proxy indicators for the socioeconomic profile of a country.

2. Data Analytics

In this study, we explore over three years from 2011 to 2013 of carrier data records between all

countries by focusing on ASEAN countries. We then assess the correlation between the postal data

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Environmental quality assessment using microalgae structures adjacent ﬁsh faming at Setoko Island, Batam City, Kepulaun Riau Province

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ISNPINSA-7 IOP Publishing

IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series

(2018) 011001 doi :10.1088/1742-6596/1025/1/011001

PREFACE

The 7th International Seminar on New Paradigm and Innovation on Natural Sciences and Its Application (ISNPINSA-7) is annual conferences organized by Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics (FSM) Diponegoro University and has been successfully conducted since 2011.

The aims of ISNPINSA are to facilitate brain storming and state of the art information in field of sciences and mathematics; to increase innovation of technology that can be applied in industries; to contribute in formulating strategy to increase the role of science for community;

and to stimulate collaboration between industries, researchers and government to increase community welfare. The theme of 7th ISNPINSA in 2017 is “Science and Data Science for Sustainable Development Goals”.

The Editors Dr. Budi Warsito

Sapto Purnomo Putro, Ph.D.

Ali Khumaeni, Ph.D.

ISNPINSA-7 IOP Publishing

IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series

(2018) 011001 doi :10.1088/1742-6596/1025/1/011001

LIST OF REFEREES 1. Prof. Widowati 2. Prof. Mustafid

3. Prof. Wahyu Setia Budi 4. Sapto P Putro, PhD 5. Dr. Munifatul Izzati 6. Dr. Budi Warsito 7. Dr. Eng. Ali Khumaeni 8. Dr. Di Asih I Maruddani 9. Dr. Muhammad Nur, DEA 10. Hendri Widyandari, PhD 11. Dr. Kusworo Adi

12. Dr. Heri Sutanto

13. Dr. Endang Kusdiyantini, DEA 14. Dr. Jafron W. Hidayat

15. Rully Rahadian, PhD 16. Anto Budiharjo, PhD

17. Dr. Tri Retnaningsih Soeprobowati 18. Ismiyarto, PhD

19. Dr. Retno Ariadi Lusiana 20. Dr. Tarno, MSi

21. Adi Wibowo, PhD

LIST OF SPEAKERS Keynote Speaker:

Prof. Dr. Masahiko Tani University of Fukui, Japan Prof. Dr. Norsarahaida Saidina Amin Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Mario Rosario Guarracino, PhD. Instituto di Calcolo e Reti ad Alte Prestazioni- National Research Council (ICAR-CNR), Italy Dr. dr. Budi Wiweko, Sp.OG-KFER. University of Indonesia, Jakarta

Invited Speaker:

Prof. Elmer S. Estacio, PhD. National Institute of Phyics, University of the Philippines, Manila,

Ismiyarto, S.Si., M.Si., PhD. Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia

Dr. Eng. Adi Wibowo, S.Si., M.Kom. Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia

ISNPINSA-7 IOP Publishing

IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series

(2018) 011001 doi :10.1088/1742-6596/1025/1/011001

LIST OF COMMITTEES Steering Committee

Prof. Muhammad Zainuri, Diponegoro University, Indonesia Prof. Widowati, S.Si., M.Si., Diponegoro University, Indonesia Prof. Heru Susanto, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Sapto Purnomo P, Ph.D, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Drs. Bayu Surarso, M.Sc., Ph.D., Diponegoro University, Indonesia Scientific Committee

Prof. Norsarahida Saidina Amin, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Prof. Dr. Masahiko Tani, University of Fukui, Japan

Mario Rosario Guarracino, Ph.D, ICAR-CNR

Adi Wibowo, Ph.D., Diponegoro University, Indonesia