Vanderbilt Co., Inc., New York City, has made available the newly published bulletin, "Petroleum Additives." The booklet provides a tabular summary of the properties and uses of Vanderbilt's line of commercial chemical products used by the Petroleum Industry. The course, entitled "The 5 R's of Lubrication," will be based on a series of articles that appeared in the May, 1959 issue of Lubrication Engineering.
SOCIETY NEWS
ASLE NEW MEMBERS—
NOVEMBER, 1960
Highly recommended for all climates to stop rust and corrosion even in salty atmospheres.
THE WHITMORE MANUFACTURING CO
LUBRICATING ENGINEERS
SAMPLE |
A MOMENT OF REFLECTION
PERSONALS
HOTEL RESERVATIONS
DAILY ROOM TARIFF
Keeping close tolerances is of primary importance at Diagraph-Bradley Industries, Inc., of Herrin, [linois, a leading manufacturer of stencil machines and accessories. On the Diagraph-Bradley the punches of the templates must be cut and _ held to within 0.0005 inch—a fine point of accuracy the Diagraph-Bradley attributes to the cooling and lubricating effect of Cities Service Chillo 10 cutting oil.
CITIES ® SERVICE
All you have to do is get a Diagraph-Bradley machine,” says one of the company officials, “‘cut one.
QUALITY PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
O. Witzenburg President, ASLE
- Corrosion protection a. Rust
A series of laboratory tests that predict the service performance of automotive gear lubricants are described. All gear lubricants given as examples were mixed with the same base oils.
WEAR PROTECTION
An estimate of the bearing capacity and impact protection of gear lubricants can be made from the values obtained in the standard SAE test at 1000 rpm, Federal Test Method 6501.1 and the Timken Machine Test, Federal Test Method 6505 (4). Off-highway, strip mining is an unusually severe test of the load-carrying capacity of gear lubricants.
STABILITY
Oils with the same additive as oil B (score 6 in the test) caused serious problems in the field. About 80% of the worm drive axles operating in the United States are located in the western states.
FOAMING
Gear oils intended for use in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska are tested for stable pour points. The largest daily variations in ambient temperature in the United States are encountered in the Western States.
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
TEST PROCEDURE
CONCLUSIONS
APPENDIX A
The test duration is based on the viscosity increase (viscosity at 210 F) and is normally performed after a 100% viscos-. NOTE: Sludge can proceed at such a high rate that it is not possible to run to 100% viscosity increase.
APPENDIX B
Oxidation stability of the sample is rated according to the time elapsed to 100% viscosity increase and the amount of insoluble sludge (pentane insoluble) formed after 200 hours.
APPENDIX C
Allow the sample to stand at the temperature specified above to allow foam to collect on the surface of the oil. At the end of 5 minutes, observe whether the foam layer on the surface of the oil is continuous or not.
DISCUSSION
At the end of 1 minute after the mixing period has expired, measure the height of the foam on the side of the beaker and note if it is % inch or less. Instead, active-type factory fill oils are used long enough to precondition the gears, and then multi-purpose gear oils are recommended.
THE LUBRICATION OF
But it is interesting to report some of the other advantages noted after the application of centralized lubrication to spindle and slewing rings. Variations in friction like this will affect the quality of the yarn in patches.
INTRODUCTION
This washer distributes the spring load evenly over the back of the specimen and reduces surface damage. Although the specimen is prevented from rotating, it is free to move in the vertical axis.
RECORDING THERMOCOUPLE |
At the end of the test, the springs are measured and recalibrated to make sure they haven't taken a set. A hole is drilled approximately 3/32 inch below the rubbing surface in the test specimen and an iron constantan pair is cemented in place.
CONTROL THERMOCOUPLE |
Also attached to the driver is a rotor to dissipate the convection heat drawn from the shaft. Before starting a test, the spring to be used is calibrated and the deflection required to produce the desired load is determined.
MATING _
The liquid tester is very similar to the heated one, except that the heater housing is replaced by a tank with an inlet and outlet, positioned to maintain a liquid level above the piece of carbon being tested. The test elements are then assembled and the spring compresses to the required degree of compression by lowering the chuck.
TION
Just below that mating surface is the carbon specimen, which is prevented from rotating by slots that engage the retaining ring. The stationary specimen is pressed against the rotating counter surface by a calibrated spring under a stainless steel disk.
ORQUE READING TAKEN HERE
A wide range of test specimen diameters and surfaces can be easily accommodated in this unit. The surface of the test specimen may be continuous to simulate a sealing application or may have radial holes to simulate a thrust bearing.
PREPARATION OF CARBON FACES
The metal faces were first paralleled on a surface grinder starting with a 46-grit wheel and ending with a 120-grit wheel at a surface speed of 6000 feet per minute. The faces were then licked by hand in water against a 600-grit stone to provide a reproducible surface roughness.
SELECTING TEST DURATION
The expected lifetime wear rate for such a carbon based on the "standard" 100-hour test will obviously be too high. Experience has shown that a 100-hour test allows a reasonable, but sometimes conservative, projection of the lifetime average wear rate for carbon graphite.
REPRODUCIBILITY OF TEST RESULTS
Occasionally, however, the carbon grade was found to wear rapidly during the first 20 to 40 hours during the test and then settle to a much lower wear rate.
ALL REPLICATES
AVE WEAR OF REPLICATES
IN SUBGROUP , INCHES |
EFFECT OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY
OPERATING FACTORS WHICH AFFECT WEAR RATES
OPERATION AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES One of the most useful features of the apparatus
EFFECT OF FACE PRESSURE
MATING FACE MATERIALS
BASE CARBON
If the heat treatment was omitted, however, the cast iron bearing surface alone gave low wear rates. Changes in wear rates caused by steam face materials are not as pronounced in the case of babbitt and silver-impregnated base grades.
CARBON IMPREGNANTS
Batch Purification—
At suitable intervals, the cleaner is brought into the individual sump, the contents of which are centrifuged in the transfer tank to allow the sump to be washed clean while empty. The cleaned oil would be returned to the sump with such compound added as necessary and the cleaner would be moved to the next location.
Continuous full flow purification—
In some cases it may be preferable to transport the oil to the centrifuge installed in a convenient central location, but the basic technique is the same. 3, where further cleaning by water washing and supplementary gravitational deposition in front of the centrifuge is also provided at the central location.
Continuous by-pass purification—
Cleaning of rolling mill oil with the centrifuge on a continuous by-pass system with cleaning supplemented by gravity settling and tension of the full flow stream. One of the factors that greatly influences the degree of purification of an oil that can be performed by centrifugation is the viscosity of the oil.
DIRTY OIL FEED
Since most lubricants have a fairly steep viscosity temperature gradient, the degree of purification can be significantly improved by increasing the temperature of the oil before centrifugation. 7 illustrates the construction of a conventional nozzle type separator bowl with the inside of the bowl sloping to direct the solids that have been sedimented out in the disk stack towards the nozzles.
OIL AND WATER
In this rotor, the hydrostatic balance that holds the oil/water interface at its optimum position in the feed zone is conventionally maintained with an appropriately sized annular dam at the top of the rotor. The amount of fluid discharged through the nozzles is a fixed function of their size and number, and at the end of the rotor it is provided to introduce Journal of the American Society of Lubrication Engineers.
DISCHARGE INTERFACE
Since the density of the oil tends to decrease more rapidly with an increase in temperature than the density of either water or insoluble impurities, an additional gain is obtained as the separation effect of the centrifuge is affected by the difference between the density of the oil and the density of the impurities to be removed from the. As previously noted, the disc-type centrifuge rotor, being short in relation to its diameter, is amenable to modification to permit continuous discharge of the settled solids through peripheral discharge ports along with a portion of the heavy phase.
RECYCLE STREAM WATER
Any water present in it is separated causing the total instantaneous water flow to the rotor to exceed the capacity of the nozzles. The equilibrium can only be disturbed by a change in the relative density of the two phases.
DISCHARGE
Enough water is introduced through the recycle to meet the fixed nozzle requirements, plus a slight excess as a safety factor. In most cases, the oil phase of the feed material is a uniform material and its density can be determined by thermostatically controlling the temperature of the feed material.
RECYCLE STREAM
It should be outside OD the disc stack but enough inside the line of nozzles to prevent oil loss through them. It can be seen from the illustration that there is limited contact between the feed stream and the recycle water stream, so considerable control of the density of the latter is possible by temperature regulation, and the position of the interface can be regulated by heating or cooling the recycle water as needed.
WATER)
System for purifying waste oil as fuel, where the entire disc stack is used to purify the oil phase. Only the Journal of the American Society of Lubrication Engineers can be this arduous, continuous task.
This is an ideal centrifugal cleaning system which will remove all abrasive particles down to one micron in size or larger. For optimum performance, the same critical attention must be given to the design of the oil cleaning system as was given to the selection of the lubricant with full knowledge of the required service and operating conditions.
NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN
Metal removal rates are generally low, about 1 to 5 cu in./hr, depending on the nature of the work metal. The metal removed in this way goes into solution in the electrolyte, forming metal salts of the work metal, just as in chemical grinding.
RATING METAL REMOVAL MIN. ELECTRODE AREA
O., "New Milling Techniques" - a paper presented at the ASTE Semi-Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, California, September A., "Non-Mechanical Machining Methods for New Metals", Paper presented at ASTE Semi-Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, California, September.
ASLE
Essentially, these instruments consist of a spring-loaded stylus that makes contact with the stationary outer barrel of the bearing. Petroleum hydrocarbon oil which normally tends to deteriorate in the presence of air at elevated temperatures below the cracking temperature of the oil containing from about 0.05 to about 2% by weight each of a P.S;- dicyclic terpene reaction product and a 3,5- contains dialkyl-4-hydroxybenzylamine.
PATENT ABSTRACTS
SILICONES LUBRICATE
REE ®
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TRABON
FARVAL DUALINE SYSTEMS USE SIMPLE HYDRAULIC PRINCIPLES
