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Journal of Science Innovare Volume 02, Number 02, September 2019, Page 34-36

https://journal.unpak.ac.id/index.php/jsi e-ISSN: 2615-3750 ; p-ISSN: 2615-3769

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CHARACTERISTICS OF PREGNANT MOTHER THAT VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING EXAMINATION

IN PUSKESMAS CIJERUK, BOGOR DISTRICT

Fina Sancaya Rini

^a*⁾

a)Akademi Kebidanan Al-Ikhlas, Bogor, Indonesia

*)Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Article history: received 10 July 2019; revised 17 July 2019; accepted 25 August 2019

Abstrak. Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) is an effort to reduce the incidence of HIV in pregnant women. The author conducted research on VCT with characteristics of maternal age, gestational age, parity, education, and occupation. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of pregnant women undergoing a VCT examination. This research was conducted in November-December 2018, the population in this study were all pregnant women who did VCT examination as many as 130. The number of mothers who did VCT based on age 20 years-35 years was 102 (78.5%). The number of mothers who did VCT based on the age of trimester 1 pregnancy was 122 people (93.8%). The number of mothers doing VCT based on primipara/grande multiparity was 80 people (61.5%). The number of mothers undergoing VCT was based on higher education 100 people (76.9%). The number of mothers who do VCT based on work does not work as many as 130 people (100%). Judging from the results of research based on the theory that many are appropriate and some are not appropriate both from age, gestational age, parity, education, and employment.

Thus, the most variable is jobs as many as 130 people (100%). All health workers, especially midwives, should further improve counseling services on VCT testing for pregnant women and especially in matters relating to HIV disease in pregnant women and to reduce maternal mortality and infant mortality rates, especially in West Java.

Keywords: Voluntary Counseling and Testing; gestational age; parity

I. INTRODUCTION

Human Immunodeficiency Virus or HIV can be transmitted to pregnant women through sexual intercourse with partners who are equally infected with HIV, can also be through blood transfusions infected by HIV, or the use of illegal drugs using syringes that have been infected by HIV.

So that every pregnant woman or who has plans to become pregnant are advised to carry out an HIV examination (Chomaria [1]).

The Joint United Nations Program on HIV and AIDS or UNAIDS states that the number of PLWHA worldwide in December 2004 was 35.9-44.3 million people. In 2009, an estimated 860,000 pregnant women were found to be living with HIV in East and South Africa, more than anywhere else in the world. Without treatment, around 25%-50% of HIV positive mothers will transmit the virus to their babies during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding (Widiyastuti [2]).

In Indonesia, more than 6.5 million women are prone to contracting HIV. More than 24,000 women of childbearing age are infected with HIV, and at least 9,000 pregnant women are infected with HIV every year. If there is no prevention program. More than 30% of them deliver babies who are infected with HIV. In 2015, it is estimated that transmission will occur to 38,500 children born to HIV- infected mothers. The National AIDS Commission (KPAN) has revealed the most positive people with HIV in DKI Jakarta province. The highest number of HIV positive pregnant women from 2013 to 2017 was in DKI Jakarta

province, DKI HIV positive pregnant mothers were 2,887 cases, then Papua's second rank was 2,128, high HIV positive in this province due to the influence of free sex behavior. Then ranked third was West Java at 1,690, Central Java 1,627, East Java 1,246, Bali 1,000 pregnant women who were ODHA. From the KPAN data, almost in parts of Indonesia, there is the spread of HIV in pregnant women. In Aceh only one and in West Sulawesi zero. The number of HIV/AIDS cases reported each year continues to increase.

This is in line with the increasing number of HIV/AIDS- related services, such as HIV testing and ARV drug administration (Aminah [3]).

Based on the Health Profile of West Java in 2015 the number of deaths in pregnant women amounted to 219 people 22.15/100,000 KH, among them caused by HIV disease in West Java as many as 1,690 mothers infected with HIV and there were 25 pregnant women in West Bandung regency died due suffering from HIV/AIDS, 3 of whom died in 2018. To minimize HIV/AIDS cases, the local Health Office intensified the Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) examination to detect the risk of contracting the disease early. Among groups prone to contracting HIV/AIDS, namely heterosexual offenders, male sex, pregnant women and housewives (Sari, [4]).

In Bogor Regency from January to December 2016, there were 7,046 pregnant women who took an HIV/VCT test, there were 22 pregnant women who tested positive for HIV. The latest data from January to March 2017, there were 2,121 pregnant women who took the test, carrying four HIV

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positive people. From 18,804 pregnant women who had undergone an HIV test from the period of January 2014 to March 2017, there were 91 HIV positive pregnant women.

Bogor City Health Office, West Java recorded 18,804 pregnant women undergoing HIV testing and counseling from January 2014 to March 2017. HIV/AIDS, besides disrupting the productivity of pregnant women HIV disease also risks producing a generation of people who also suffer from this infectious disease. The incidence of HIV/AIDS in pregnant women also complicates the achievement of the 2015-2019 National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) target in the health sector at 3 points at once, namely the maternal mortality rate, infant mortality rate and the prevalence of HIV cases (Sitohang, 2018). The main purpose of VCT (Voluntary Counseling and Testing) or HIV testing of pregnant women who are voluntary is to make decisions and/or determine special medical services that are not possible without knowing one's HIV status. In addition, the purpose of the VCT examination is to prevent HIV transmission and also increase their perception and knowledge about the factors causing a person to be infected with HIV and as an effort to develop behavioral changes (Ardhiyanti [5]).

II. RESEARCH METHODS

This research is descriptive, while the purpose of this descriptive research is to describe or describe an objective event or situation. By using a cross-section survey design.

Cross-Sectional is a research design where data collection is carried out together or at the same time (Notoatmodjo [6]).

The population in this study were all pregnant women who did VCT examination at Cijeruk Health Center, Bogor Regency in the January - October 2018 period, as many as 130 people. Sample Collection Techniques Samples were taken from the population by means of total sampling. Total sampling is a sampling technique where the number of samples is equal to the population (Notoatmodjo [7]).

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The discussion is the result of research obtained through data processing, from 130 respondents taken for research at the Cijeruk Health Center in Bogor Regency from January 4 to October 25, 2018, based on the characteristics of pregnant women studied and compared with existing theories.

Age

From the results of research conducted at Cijeruk Health Center, Bogor Regency, January-October 2018 period, showed that pregnant women who did VCT examination based on the highest age were mothers aged 20 years - 35 years as many as 102 people (78.5%) and the lowest in mothers aged <20 years -> 35 years as many as 28 people (21.5%).

This study is in line with Lugianti's [8] study, from 2 age categories of pregnant women undergoing VCT testing or HIV testing, it was found that the majority of pregnant women undergoing VCT or HIV testing on mothers aged 20 years - 35 years (55%), mothers pregnant women who undergo VCT testing or HIV testing on mothers aged <20 years -> 35 years (45%). In this study, it was found that respondents aged 20 - 35 years old, who had a VCT or HIV test (56.6%) were greater than mothers> 20 years -> 35 years (44.4%).

According to the Notoatmodjo [9] Theory, quoted from the results of the study of Umam et al [10], age affects the ability to perceive and mindset of a person. At the age of adulthood, individuals will be a more active role in society and social life, in addition to that age people will use more time to read. Intellectual abilities, problem-solving, and verbal abilities reported almost no decline at an early age.

According to Wahyuni [11] mothers are said to be at high risk if pregnant women are under 20 years and above 35 years. Age is useful for anticipating diagnoses of health problems and actions taken.

Age of Pregnancy

From the results of research conducted at the Cijeruk Health Center in Bogor Regency for the period of January - October 2018, it showed that pregnant women who performed VCT examinations based on gestational age were the highest among mothers whose gestational age was Trimester 1 with 122 people (93.8%) and the lowest at mothers with trimester 2 and 3 gestational age were 8 people (6.2%).

According to Rismalinda [12], antenatal care is a pregnancy check-up to optimize the mental and physical health of pregnant women. One way to optimize the health of pregnant women is to check VCT during pregnancy to avoid HIV disease.

This is in accordance with the statement made by Umam [10], that the VCT service early led them to a service and support program including access to antiretroviral therapy, and to help reduce stigma in the community.

Parity

From the results of research conducted at the Cijeruk Health Center in Bogor Regency for the period of January - October 2018, it showed that pregnant women who performed VCT examination based on the highest parity were mothers who were at risk of Primipara/Garandemulti as many as 80 people (61.5%) and the lowest among mothers who were not at risk Multipara much (38.5%).

This is consistent with the results of Montolalu [8]

study in 2012 showing that (37.2%) respondents were primipara and grade multi while (35.6%) were multiparous respondents. In this study it was found that primiparous and grade multi respondents, who did a VCT or HIV test were greater than multiparous.

This is in accordance with the Theory According to Walyani [13] parity is the state of women related to the number of children born. Parity of second child and third child is the safest parity from the point of view of maternal death. At high parity> 3 have a higher mortality rate.

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Therefore, mothers who are pregnant with their first and older children must have a pregnancy check-up as often as possible so that they are not at risk of maternal death. At low parity, pregnant women do not really understand about pregnancy and the importance of antenatal care.

Education

From the results of research conducted at the Cijeruk Health Center in Bogor Regency, showed that pregnant women who did VCT examinations based on the highest were in high-educated mothers as many as 100 people (76.9%) and the lowest in low-educated mothers as many as 30 people (23, 1%).

This is not in accordance with the results of Halim's [14] study which showed that respondents with higher education, who did not have a VCT or HIV test, were greater than low education.

This is consistent with Notoatmodjo's statement quoted from the results of Halim et al's research [14], which said that generally the higher the education, the easier it is to receive information.

Work

From the results of research conducted at the Cijeruk Public Health Center in Bogor Regency, showed that pregnant women who did VCT examinations based on the highest occupation were 130 unemployed mothers (100%) and the lowest was 0 workers (0%).

This is consistent with the results of research Halim et al [14] show that respondents who do not work, who do not do VCT testing or HIV testing are greater than respondents who work.

This is not in accordance with the results of research Moges [15], emphasizing that the woman's employment status was found to be an important factor in receiving HIV testing. Mothers who work in the private or government sectors are 4 times more likely to receive an HIV test compared to housewives. This is because working mothers are more exposed to information about VCT in their workplaces while housewives most of their time at home.

IV. CONCLUSION

Based on the results of research that has been carried out namely concerning the Characteristics of Pregnant Women, namely age, gestational age, parity, education and work that perform VCT (Voluntary Counseling and Testing) examinations at Cijeruk Health Center, Bogor Regency, January-October 2018 period is carried out on pregnant women who do VCT As many as 130 respondents were taken, there were several variables studied to determine the characteristics of pregnant women undergoing VCT examination.

All health workers, especially midwives, should further improve counseling services on VCT examinations for pregnant women and especially in matters relating to HIV disease in pregnant women and reduce MMR (Maternal Mortality Rate) and IMR (Infant Mortality Rate), especially in West Java.

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