INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF MARINE LIFE AND UTILIZATION
e-ISSN: 2722-0966 Vol. 4 Issue 2
Ecotourism development strategies of Lusi Island in Kedungpandan-Jabon Sidoarjo using SWOT Analysis
Yufinca Mellyafara Indra Kumala*, Aline Nurina Izzatul Laily, Shelly Dwi Febrianty, Muhammad Fajrul Falach, and Muhammad Qoyum
Marine Science Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Lusi Island is a nature-based ecotourism site located in Sidoarjo, with its own uniqueness compared to the surrounding islands because it began as a dumping ground for Lapindo mud sediment. Lusi Island is providing several facilities to be used in protection, education, and recreation activities. The purpose of this study is to determine the development strategy of the Lusi Island tourist attraction by analyzing the existence of potential using the strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat (SWOT) analysis method at the ecotourism location. The results showed that the ecotourism development strategy of Lusi Island can be achieved by establishing cooperation between managers and various parties, controlling the impact of tourist attraction development, and adding adequate facilities and infrastructure to support better ecotourism.
Keywords: ecotourism, Lusi Island, SWOT analysis
INTRODUCTION
Ecotourism is a tour of the natural and artificial environment and existing culture, is informative and participatory, and aims to ensure the protection of nature and socio-culture. Ecotourism focuses on three main aspects: natural or ecological sustainability, providing economic benefits, and being psychologically acceptable in the social life of the community [1]. Ecotourism development is generally carried out through tourism development. There are two aspects to consider. The first is the destination aspect, and the second is the market aspect. The main focus of this concept is to develop the concept of tourism and protect nature and culture in a sustainable manner [2].
Coastal areas and coastal community activities have natural properties that tend to be dynamic and complex; an integrated, optimal, and rational approach must be taken for sustainable development in coastal areas that can include community participation in it [3].
The development of Indonesian territories and oceans has issues related to national economic development, such as the potential of Indonesia's coastal and marine resources, which are quite large and extensive based on the fact that they have not made a significant contribution [4].
Development in coastal areas certainly presents various obstacles and threats to the development of coastal resources, and to minimize these obstacles and threats, a coastal development strategy is needed. The development of coastal resources is generally influenced by two factors: internal factors and external factors. What is meant by internal factors are the strengths and weaknesses of coastal villages in developing coastal resources, and what is meant by external factors are the
opportunities and risks faced by coastal villages in developing coastal resources [5].
Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat or SWOT analysis is often used to determine how to maintain strengths and take advantage of current opportunities while minimizing weaknesses and avoiding threats.
SWOT analysis is a strategic planning tool to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of a project. This procedure includes determining the exact goals of the company or project, as well as identifying internal and external factors that help or hinder the achievement of those goals. If done correctly, it can help us find aspects that have been overlooked or ignored so far [6].
Lusi Island is an artificial island originating from the Lapindo mud deposits. The location is in the middle of the Porong river, precisely in Telocor Hamlet, Kedung Pandang Jabon, Sidoarjo. This island was originally called Sarinah Island, before finally changing its official name to Lusi Island, which is an extension of “Lumpur Sidoarjo”
(Sidoarjo mud). There are many interesting spots that can be visited on the Lusi island. Lusi Island is under the auspices of the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, whose management is still under the Directorate General of Marine Space Management, and recently become a tourist destination for the community. However, this tourist destination still requires attention in its development. If this tourism gets more attention, then it can support the community's economy well. Therefore, this research aims to examine good and appropriate strategic management for the development of Lusi Island using Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threats (SWOT) analysis.
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METHODS Research Location
The location of this research is Lusi Island ecotourism, Kedungpandan Village, Jabon, Sidoarjo, East Java (Figure-1). The preparation of a strategic plan in the management of Lusi Island as an ecotourism-based area can be done through three stages, i.e. the data collection stage, the analysis stage, and the final stage is decision making [7].
Figure-1. Research location on Lusi Island
Data Collection Technique
The data used in this study comes from primary and secondary data. Primary data in this research was obtained by means of field observations, interviews, and documentation. Field observations were carried out by observing the physical conditions at the research location.
The observations were made by observing the environmental conditions of the Lusi Island tourist attraction (the condition of vegetation and biota, especially in the mangrove ecosystem) and the ecotourism conditions of Lusi Island (such as the availability and lack of facilities available at the location, among others).
Lusi Island tourism object data also comes from the results of interviews conducted with 30 resource persons consisting of tourism managers, visitors, tourists, and the surrounding community who were selected deliberately with accidental sampling techniques or techniques in determining samples selected on the basis of coincidence or incidental meetings with researchers who are deemed suitable as data source information [8].
Interviews were conducted to provide information about the condition of infrastructure, accessibility, promotion, and tourist attraction to Lusi Island ecotourism. This interview was addressed to sources of male and female gender and in the adult category. Secondary data comes from literature studies in the form of journals, previous research, and books that can support this research.
Data Analysis Processing
The data from the field survey and interviews were then processed using a scoring technique with a scale benchmark using a Likert scale and Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threats analysis, commonly known as SWOT analysis. With SWOT analysis, strengths and opportunities can be maximized and weaknesses and threats can be minimized [9]. Strength and weakness fall into the category of internal analysis/Internal Factor Analysis Summary (IFAS), while opportunity and threat
fall into the category of external analysis/External Factor Analysis Summary (EFAS).
There are four columns contained in the score value calculation as shown in Table-1: (1) Strategic Factors are factors that will be analyzed; (2) Weight indicates the level of significance of the strategic factor being analyzed. Each strategic factor has a different value. The total weight must equal one, or 100%. Weight values can be similar between strategic factors or different; (3) Rating is the value at the time of the assessment, where when the strategic factors match expectations, the value of the rating is high, and vice versa. If the strategic factors are not as expected, the rating value is low. The rating value ranges from 1 to 5, while the strength/opportunity factor category has a rating range of 3 to 5 and for weaknesses/threats ranges from 1 to 2.9 (Figure-2); and (4) Score is obtained by multiplying the weight with the rating (Equation (1)).
Table-1. SWOT analysis
Strategic Factors Weight Rating Score 1.
2.
Etc...
Total .... ....
Figure-2. The rating value
𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 = 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 × 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1)
The score value that has been obtained from each factor analysis calculation can be used as a determination of factors that become strengths and weaknesses, or opportunities and threats to Lusi Island tourism. The score value can also be used to determine the SWOT quadrant for Lusi Island tourism objects. The x axis is obtained from the difference between the strength and weakness factors. While for the y axis, the difference in the value of opportunity and threats [10].
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Tourism Potential of Lusi Island
Lusi Island has a mangrove ecosystem area of ±99 hectares (Figure-3). There are nine types of mangroves that can be found on Lusi Island, with Avicennia alba and Avicennia marina being the dominant species. The large area of mangroves makes the ecological function of the ecosystem useful as a habitat, spawning ground, feeding ground and enlargement of animals/associated biota such as: several species of fish, birds, and crabs are also found on Lusi Island [11]. The diversity of associated biota living in the mangrove ecosystem, in addition to the ecological function of the mangrove ecosystem, can increase the attractiveness for tourists.
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In addition, the mangrove ecotourism area around Lusi Island is used by the community as pond land, with many people using their ponds for the cultivation of milkfish, seaweed, vanammei shrimp and tiger shrimp.
The natural resource potential of Lusi Island can be utilised as a mangrove ecotourism area and sylvofishery ponds by implementing ecotourism in the use of tourism activities to conserve existing natural resources and maintain the sustainability of these natural resources.
The development of facilities and infrastructure also needs to be done considering the number of visitors who enjoy various tourist attractions such as mangrove walking track and boat rentals. Some facilities and infrastructure found on Lusi Island that can be developed include: docks, parking area, pavilions, toilets, prayer rooms, garbage bins, walking/jogging track, boat rentals, and food courts (Figure-4).
Figure-3. Mangroves in Lusi Island
SWOT Analysis
SWOT analysis is a strategic planning method used to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in a project. SWOT analysis can be applied by analysing and sorting out various things that affect the four factors, then applying them in a SWOT matrix image, where the application is how strengths are able to take advantage of existing opportunities, how to overcome weaknesses that prevent benefits from existing opportunities, then how strengths are able to deal with existing threats, and finally how to overcome weaknesses that can make threats real or create a new threat [12].
SWOT analysis of a tourist attraction can be used to determine the strategy that will be used to develop a tourist attraction. SWOT analysis is used to maximize the strengths of the tourist area and opportunities and minimize the weaknesses of the tourist area and threats to mangrove ecotourism on Lusi Island, Sidoarjo, so that it can be used in decision-making in determining development strategies. IFAS consists of strengths and weaknesses while EFAS consists of opportunities and threats.
Based on the observation results, the IFAS factors on Lusi Island are as follows: (1) Strength: a) Has a diversity of mangrove species; b) There are several gazebos with resting places for tourists in good condition; c) There was a mangrove seedling planting activity; d) Has clean toilets and prayer rooms; e) Accessibility from the national road to the parking lot is quite good; f) Has various types of associated biota; g) Has a large parking lot; and h) Jogging/walking track.
(a) (b)
(c) (d) Figure-4. Facilities in Lusi Island: (a) boat rentals, (b) toilets, (c) gazebo, and (d) walking/jogging track
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Weakness: a) No food stalls or vendors; b) Cell phone signal is minimal; c) No supporting facilities, including medical facilities and lodging; d) Distance from the city center is quite far; e) There are no souvenir/gift sellers; f) No public transportation to the ecotourism site; g) Boat ticket prices are quite expensive both weekdays; and h) Promotion is less widespread.
The External Factors (EFAS) on Lusi Island are as follows: (1) Opportunities: a) As nature tourism in Sidoarjo Regency; b) The surrounding community plays an active role; and c) Government supports tourism. (2) Threats: a) The air temperature is quite high at the Lusi Island ecotourism site; b) Tourism near the Lapindo Mudflow site; c) Threatened by flooding during high tide and land subsidence at any time; and d) Declining visitor and community expectations for Lusi Island tourism.
Identification of external factors (EFAS) is carried out to determine the size of opportunities and threats in Lusi Island ecotourism. An external factor will be worth an
opportunity if it has a rating value of 3 or 4, as well as a threat if it has a rating of 1 or 2 [9].
Lusi Island Ecotourism Development Strategy
The identification of IFAS internal factors in the form of strengths and weaknesses in Lusi Island ecotourism is presented in Table-2. Table-2 shows that the strength of Lusi Island ecotourism lies in the diversity of mangrove species, gazebos, toilets, and prayer rooms in good condition, and the existence of a jogging track with the same score value of 0.282. As for the main weaknesses found in Lusi Island ecotourism, i.e. the absence of supporting facilities such as health facilities and lodging.
The results of the calculation of the strategic strength factor score of 1.906 and the strategic weakness factor of 0.612 give a total overall score of 2.518.
Table- 2 .IFAS Matrix of Lusi Island Ecotourism
Strategic Factors Weight Rating Score
Strength
There was a mangrove seedling planting activity 0.071 3 0.212
Has a diversity of mangrove species 0.071 4 0.282
There are several gazebos 0.071 4 0.282
Has clean toilets and prayer rooms 0.071 4 0.282
Has various types of associated biota 0.047 3 0.141
Availability of a large parking lot 0.059 4 0.235
Accessibility from the national road to the parking lot is quite good 0.047 4 0.188
Jogging/walking track 0.071 4 0.282
Sub-Total 0.506 1.906
Weakness
No food stalls or vendors 0.047 1 0.047
Cell phone signal is minimal 0.071 1 0.071
No supporting facilities, including medical facilities and lodging. 0.071 2 0.141
A fairly long distance from the city center 0.071 1 0.071
There are no souvenir/gift sellers 0.047 1 0.047
No public transportation to the ecotourism site 0.071 1 0.071
The price of boat tickets is quite expensive 0.071 1 0.071
Promotion that has not reached outside of East Java Province 0.047 2 0.094
Sub-Total 0.494 0.612
Total 1 2.518
Table- 3. EFAS Matrix of Lusi Island Ecotourism
Strategic Factors Weight Rating Score
Opportunities
Become a nature-based tourist destination in Sidoarjo Regency. 0.157895 4 0.631579
The active role of the surrounding community 0.157895 4 0.631579
Government support 0.105263 3 0.315789
Sub-Total 0.421053 1.578947
Threats
The air temperature is quite high at the Lusi Island ecotourism site 0.157895 2 0.315789 The proximity of the Lusi Island tourist attraction to the Lapindo
Mudflow site
0.157895 1 0.157895
Prone to flooding due to waves, and land can collapse at any time 0.105263 2 0.210526 Declining visitor/community expectations for Lusi Island tourism 0.157895 1 0.157895
Sub-Total 0.578947 6 0.842105
Total 1 2.421053
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The identification of EFAS internal factors in the form of opportunities and threats in Lusi Island ecotourism is presented in Table-3. Table-3 shows that the highest value of opportunities is that Lusi Island can become a tourist attraction in Sidoarjo Regency by applying the principles of nature and the role of the surrounding community with the same score of 0.63. As for the highest weaknesses (threats) with a value of 0.32, i.e. the tourist attraction area has a hot air temperature because of its location close to the aquaculture area. The value of the opportunities factor is 1.58 and for threats is 0.84 so that the total score for external factors is 2.42.
The results of the calculation of the strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat factors can then be used to determine the axis in the SWOT quadrant. The x axis is obtained from the difference between the strength and weakness factors. Meanwhile, the y axis is obtained from the difference in the value of opportunity and threat [9].
For the SWOT quadrant of Lusi Island ecotourism, it is in quadrant 1 with an x = 1.3 axis and a y = 0.7 axis (Figure-5). Quadrant I is a very favourable situation. The Lusi Island ecotourism has opportunities and strengths to take advantage of existing opportunities.
The strategy to be applied in this situation is to support an aggressive growth policy (growth-oriented strategy) [13].
This means that Lusi Island ecotourism has a favorable situation to be developed by utilizing its strengths and opportunities to promote ecotourism.
Figure-5. SWOT quadrant
Based on the results of the SWOT analysis of external factors, the preparation of the Lusi Island Ecotourism Management Strategy is carried out, i.e. (1) Establish cooperation between Lusi Island tourism managers with the community and various government agencies (The Office of Marine and Fisheries, Environmental Services, etc.) and non-government agencies (NGOs, etc.) in developing Lusi Island tourism objects in the future; (2) Controlling the impact on the surrounding environment due to the development of beach tourism objects; and (3) Adding adequate facilities and infrastructure to support better ecotourism, such as by improving the available facilities, promoting and greening to reduce the hot temperature at the tourist attraction location.
CONCLUSIONS
The concept that can be used in the process of developing Lusi Island ecotourism is to use three strategies, i.e. establishing cooperation between Lusi Island tourism managers and the community and various government and non-government agencies, controlling the impact on the surrounding environment due to the development of tourist attractions; as well as adding adequate facilities and infrastructure to support better ecotourism. This strategy needs to be carried out considering that Lusi Island ecotourism can provide benefits to the surrounding community both in social and economic aspects, so an appropriate and wise strategy is needed so that this ecotourism can develop even better and provide more benefits.
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