1
THE EFFECT OF INSIDE-OUTSIDE CIRCLE STRATEGY IN IMPROVING SPEAKING ABILITY AT CLASS X SMKN I PADANG
GELUGUR IN EAST PASAMAN
Miftahul Khoiriyah *)Sesmiyanti, M.Pd **) dan Dra. Hj Riny Dwitya Sani M, M.Pd ***)
*) Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat Email : Miftahul [email protected]
**) Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat Email : [email protected]
***) Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat Email : [email protected]
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to know the effect of inside –outside circle strategy in improving student’s speaking ablity. This research used experimental Research. This type of the research is has been used because researcher wanted to know whether the effect of inside-outside circle strategy will improve students’ speaking English. This research used a speaking test to determine the level of ability of students’ speaking English. For giving score or value for students speaking ability, the researcher used theory of Brown. Then the score of students speaking ability analyzed by using pre-test, post-test and t-test pattern to determine the effect of improving students’ speaking ability in their speaking. After analyzed the data, the researcher found that the hypothesis was accepted, because t-test = 3.75 is bigger than t-table = 1.99 and level significant 0.05. Thus, the findings stated that by using inside-outside circle can improve students’ speaking ability. This case causes by assess five elements of students' speaking ability such as (Grammar, Vocabulary, Comprehension, Fluency, and Pronunciation) and each sample (experimental class and control class) have different weaknesses and strengths.
Abstrtak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari strategi inside –outside circle untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara bahasa inggris. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah experimental Research. Jenis penelitian ini digunakan karena peneliti ingin mengetahui apakah pengaruh dari strategi inside-outside circle akan meningkatkan berbicara bahasa inggris siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan tes berbicara untuk mengetahui tingkat pencapaian berbicara bahasa Inggris siswa. Untuk menskor nilai pencapaian siswa, peneliti menggunakan teori Brown. Kemudian hasil skor pencapaian berbicara bahasa Inggris siswa tersebut di analisis dengan menggunakan pola pre-test, post-test dan t-test untuk mengetahui pengaruh minat siswa terhadap pencapaian berbicara mereka. Setelah data dianalisis, peneliti menemukan bahwa hipotesis diterima, karena t- hitung = 3.75 lebih besar dari pada t-tabel =1.99 dalam tingkat bermaknaan 0,05. Dengan demikian, temuan menyatakan bahwa siswa dengan menggunakan lingkaran dalam-lingkaran luar memberikan pengaruh untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara siswa. Hal ini disebabkan karena menilai pencapaian berbicara siswa ada 5 elemen yang diniliai (Grammar, Vocabulary, Comprehension, Fluency, and Pronunciation) dan masing-masing sample ( kelas percobaan dan kelas kontrol) memiliki kelemahan dan kelebihan yang berbeda.
Keywords: inside-outsude; Students’ speaking ability.
2 INTRODUCTION
Speaking is one of the skills that should be mastered well by students. It is an important part of the curriculum in language. Effective speaking involves not only words speakers use but the way speakers say it, the tone of voice, posture, and gestures. Richard and Renandya (2002:204) explain that speaking a language is especially difficult for foreign language learners because effective oral communication requires the ability to use the language appropriate in social instructions. Diversity in instruction involves not only verbal, but also non verbal communication. It can be said that students will have difficulty in speaking if they can not use the language appropriaty in social instruction. such as verbal communication for instance words and grammar and normal communication for instance, gesture, and body language. Through speaking, the teacher can convey what they do not understand about the lesson. That is why the speaking ability is really needed in teaching and learning English.
As an active skill speaking is difficult to teach for the students because in English speaking class the students are hoped to speak and also demanded to share ideas, interact to each other and communicate in English. It can be seen when the teacher asks the questions, the student’s face problem in delivering the ideas. In this case, the students tend to listen and they do not enthusiast to speak english in the classroom. So the teachers need to be creative to make speaking becomes habit for daily activities in the classroom and stimulate the studens to share the ideas.
In fact, based on the researcher pre-ovservation at tenth grade students SMKN I Padang Gelugur East Pasaman, the researcher found that some students were not intrested in learning speaking. First, the students had lack of vocabulary, so they did not find any words that want to say. As a result, they could not communicate well and speak fluently in delivering their opinion. Second, almost of the students’ pronunciation is not good. It could be seen when the students uttered the words, it is very difficult to understand because of pronunciation problems. Third, when the students are speaking, students makes frequently errors of grammar. As the result, it is obscure the meaning of the message that they express. Fourth, the problems come from the teacher’s strategy in speaking. Teacher give a model of monolog text based on the lesson, and then she explain the model of monolog text and ask the students to memorize the lesson. After that, the teachers asks the students to practice the lesson individually. It make the students difficult to understand what to say because there is no clear
explanation about the lesson. Hence, they can not produce well speaking.
Based on the explanation above, it can be conclude that the are some problems in teaching speaking at SMKN I Padang Gelugur in East Pasaman. Therefore, to overcome this problems the teachers should find and apply an effective strategy in teaching speaking. As a result by applying an appropriate strategy can make the students be active in learning speaking, and then in can give opportunitity for the students to improve their speaking.
RESEARCH METHOD
In this research, the researcher used experimental research, because this research wants to know the effect of Inside- Outside circle starategy in improving speaking ability at SMKN I PADANG GELUGUR in East Pasaman. It is supported by Gay and Airasian (2000:367) state that experimental research is the only of research that can test hypothesis to establish cause-and-effect relationship.
This research was classified as kind of quasi- experimental design. According to Gay and Airasia (2000:394) state that quasi-experimental design is just not possible to randomly assign individual participant to group. In this case, the researcher used two variables. One group for experimental class gave a treatment of The Inside-Outside Circle Starategy as independent variable and another group for control class treated by pair work strategy as dependent variable. It means that the researcher used two variables to do the research. However, to do this research, the researcher needed some meetings. Gay and Airasian (2000:109) state that some periods of time are required for treatment. It asssumes that eight meeting are enough to see the differences between students’speaking ability by using Inside-Outside Circle Strategy and pair work strategy .
Moreover, to supported this research the researcher collected the data by giving pre-test and post-test. According to Arikunto (2010:125), the method of the research can be design by using following table:
Figure 3.1 Research design Class Pretest Treatment Posttest
E 01 X 02
C 03 Y 04
3 Where,
E = Experimental Class C = Control Class
X = Inside-Outside Circle Strategy Y = Pair Work Strategy
O1= Students’Speaking Score in Pre- Test at Experimental Class
O2 = Students’Speaking Score in Post-Test at Experimental Class
O3= Students’Speaking Score in Pre- Test at Control Class
O4 = Students’Speaking Score in Post- Test at Control Class
According to Gay and Airasian (2000:122) population is the group of interest to the research, the group which she or he would like the result of the study to be generalized. In this case, the population of this research was tenth grade students of SMKN I Padang Gelugur in 2015/2016 academic year. Based on the information from the administration on affair of SMKN I Padang Gelugur tenth grade students at SMKN I Padang Gelugur Have fourth classes and total the of classes was 130 students.
Table. 3.2
Distribution of Tenth grade students at SMKN I Padang Gelugur
in Academic Year 2015/2016.
No Class Students
1. X /1 TSM 29
2. X/2TSM 30
3. X/ ADP 33
4. X/ TKR 38
Total 130
Source: the administration of SMK N 1 padang gelugur, east pasaman.
In this research, the researcher just take two classes as sample. Sample is the representative of population. In this research, the sample is taken by using cluster random sampling. According to Gay and Airasian (2000:121), sampling is the process of
selecting number of individual for study in such away from that they present the large group from which they are selected. In selecting the sample, researcher takes the student’s mid test score of previous semester from english teacher of the classes. After that, researcher finds the normality and homogenety data of each class by using Software Minitab. In normality test, the researcher compares between p- value with 0,05 as standard of normality. If the p- value> 0,05, the sample is normal. Oppositely, if p- value < 0,05, the sample is not normal. Meanwhile, in homogenity test the researcher compares between p- value with 0,05 as standard of homogenity. Like in normality test, if the p-value is bigger than 0,05;
those sample are homogen. Contrary, if the p-value is less than 0,05; those sample are not homogen. In this research find that the p-value of all classes is 0,385. It means that the sample of this research is homogeny.
From the classes that have normality and homogeneity of the data. The researcher takes three classes as experimental, control and try out class randomly.
In this research, the researcher used a test as instrument to know the effect of Inside-outside circle strategy in improving speaking ability. According to Brown(2004:3), test is a method of measuring a persons’ ability, knowledge or performance in a given domain. In this case, the aims of the test is to know the student’s speaking ability after the researcher giving treatment.
In collecting the data, the data was collected from students score’ of pretest and posttest of speaking. The researcher test two group of sample to get the data. There were some steps that used to get the data. First, the researcher was given both groups (experimental and control group) asks to speak certain expression based on one of the topic from syllabus that they have studied. Second, the researcher evaluate their pronounciation, grammar , vocabulary, fluency and comprehension for each expression. Third the researcher put the score for the speaking aspect: pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, fluency and comprehension. It can be seen at following scoring rubric from brown,(2004:157). To determine the means score of both classes, the researcher used formula that was suggested by Gay and Airasian (2000:485):
𝑥 1= 𝑥1𝑛 1 and 𝑥 2= 𝑥2
𝑛2
The technique of data analysis used the statistical procedure. In this research, the researcher would be used t-test formula to analyze the data. T-
4 test means a statistical procudere will be used to determine whether there were any significant diffrent between the means of two sets of scores pretest and posttest. The purpose was to see diffrences of speaking ability between control group and experimental groups. Next, researcher found the sum square (SS) in pre- test and post- test for experimental and control class. Actually, Gay and Airasian (2000:485) explain that the calculation between sum squere (SS) and standard deviation(SD) is same. SD formula can be seen as follow: Gay and Airasian,(2000:485)
𝑠1 2=𝑛( 𝑥12)−( 𝑥1)
2
𝑛(𝑛−1) and 𝑠2 2=𝑛( 𝑥22)−( 𝑥2)
2 𝑛(𝑛−2)
After the researcher got the sum square, the researcher found the t-test to test the hypothesis. In this research, the researcher found whether hypothesis was accepted or not. It was provided by using t-test formula from Gay and Airasian (2000:485) as follow.
t = 𝑥 1− 𝑥 2
𝑆 1 𝑛 1+1
𝑛 2
FINDINGS AND DISSCUSSION
Based on the data analyzed data, the researcher found several findings. They were as follow:
1. The researcher found that mean score of pre-test in experimental class was 57,75 and control class was 59,03. Whereas, the mean score of post-test for experimental class was tough by inside-outside circle strategy was 66,54 and the mean score for control class which taugh bu using pair work strategy was 61,03 in brief, there was improvement in experimental class and control class. It can be seen by the mean score pre-test of experimental class and control class with post-test experimental class and control eventhoug class. Thus, inside-outside circle strategy was not really influential to improve student’s speaking ability in learning process in the class.
2. The researcher found that t-calculated (3,75) was bigger than t-table (1.99) and the degree of freedom of 62.05 and level significant 0,05 its mean that hypothesis (H1) was eccepted.
3. It can be concluded that mean score of experimental (66,54) was bigger than the mean score of control class (61,03). t-calculated (3,75) was bigger than t-table (1,99), so the hypothesis was accepted. In the other hands,eventhough the experiment class was bigger than control class
and H1 was accpeted, but the mean score of experimental class and control class were high improvement from pre-test and post test.
Therefore, there was not effect inside-outside circle strategy in improving speaking ability at SMKN 1 Padang Gelugur in East Pasaman because the strategy was acccepted if the control class was not improvement.
CONCLUSION
speaking a language is especially difficult for foreign language learners because effective oral communication requires the ability to use the language appropriety in social intructions. Diversity in intruction involves not only verbal, but also non verbal communication.. In phenomena, researcher found that some of students had lack of vocabulary, almost of the students pronounciation is not good and frequently error in grammar. One of them was caused by the strategy that applied in teaching learning process.To solve the problem, the researcher applied inside –outside circle strategy in teaching speaking. It is strategy is sharing processes which focus on students recall and make sense of information while working with a variety of partner.
The advantages of this strategy were can help students easy to understand about their ability in speaking. The students can be a way to help students discover perior knowledge about particular topic before holding large group discussion in speaking. In this research, the researcher applied this strategy to experimental class (ADP) for eight meetings by teaching one topic, asking and giving directions.
After giving treatment, the researcher gave post- test to the class treatment.
The result of post test was analyzed by using ttest
formula which suggested by Gay and Airasian. The researcher got the value of ttest was 3.75 and the value of ttable, was 1.99 It means ttest was higher than ttable, so hypothesis₁ (H₁) was accepted. Finally, the researcher concluded the inside-outside circle strategy in improving speaking ability at SMKN 1 Padang Gelugur In East Pasaman
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This journal was aimed to fulfill one of the requirements for getting strata one (S1) degree of English Education Department at STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat. The researcher would like to express the deepest gratitude to Sesmiyanti, M.Pd, Dra. Hj Riny Dwitya Sani M, M.Pd as the advisors. The researcher thanks for their valuable time, guidance, suggestion, support, and comment during the process of finishing this journal.
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