But in sentence (b), singing is not an action performed by Ali and is not followed by a helping verb. Verbal nouns are nouns derived from verbs and do not have verb-like properties (eg build, draw, attack). Like gerund nouns, verb nouns are also derived from verbs, but, unlike gerunds, they have no verb-like properties.
Indefinite plural pronoun: Indefinite plural pronouns are used for plural objects and not for singular. Demonstrative pronouns are nouns that take the place of a noun that has already been mentioned in a sentence. These pronouns are special because they all start with "Wh", which is quite easy to remember.
Reflexive pronouns and intensive pronouns are similar, but the difference between them is that intensive pronouns are not decisive for the meaning of a sentence. Each other and each other are the two reciprocal pronouns are not individual words, but they are phrases. It doesn't mean anything by itself, but makes sense when used in a sentence.
The verb in a sentence that does not have an object is known as an intransitive verb.
Modal Verbs
To form questions, emphasize something or make a request, the Auxiliary Do is used.
Chapter.5 Adverb
Kinds of Adverbs
- Adverbs of Time
- Adverbs of Place
- Adverbs of Frequency
- Adverbs of Degree
- Adverbs of Manner
- Adverbs of Reason
- Adverbs of Affirmation Negation
- Adverbs of Negation
- Relative Adverbs
- Interrogative Adverbs
Adverbs of frequency tell us how often or how many times something happened. In the above examples we can see that the words pretty and enough both answer the question of how much. Adverbs of Manner give us information about how or in what manner some action is preceded.
Adverbs of reason are words used to indicate the reason or cause of something happening. Adverbs of assertion are words used to confirm or declare something to be true. Adverbs of negation are words that mark a statement, action, or idea as false.
Degrees of Adverbs
The comparative degree of an adverb shows that the presence of a quality in one thing is more or higher than its presence in the positive. The superlative degree of comparison is used when some quality in one thing or person is higher than something or someone else. Superlative degree is used when one thing or person is compared to more than one thing or person.
In the examples above, we compared what we were talking about to all the other similar things.
Chapter.6 Adjective
In the second case, the word little tells us about the quality of the mouse, that it is little, so it is also an adjective.
Kinds of Adjective
- Adjectives of Quality
- Adjectives of Quantity
- Adjectives of Number
- Demonstrative Adjectives
- Interrogative Adjectives
- Possessive Adjectives
- Emphasizing Adjectives
- Exclamatory Adjective
When what, which and which are used with a noun to ask questions, they become interrogative adjectives.
Chapter.7 Preposition
Kinds of Prepositions
- Double Prepositions
- Compound Prepositions
- Phrasal Prepositions
- Participle Prepositions
- Disguised Prepositions
- Detached Prepositions
In the first example, the preposition within is made by combining two simple prepositions with and i. In the second example, the preposition to is formed by combining two simple prepositions i and two. They are different from double prepositions because they are not formed from two single prepositions.
In the first example, the prefix 'a' is added to a base word 'bout' to make a preposition. In the second example, the prefix be is added to the root side to make a preposition. Phrasal prepositions are groups of words or phrases that connect the noun or pronoun in a sentence to the rest of the sentence.
She came to the other side of the world, despite all the difficulties. In the first example, the group of words 'because of' connects the two sentences together and is one sentence. Likewise, the group of words 'in spite of' is also a sentence and functions as a preposition.
Disguised prepositions are those prepositions which are not used directly in the sentences but are disguised. In the first example, instead of saying '5 off the clock', we used a disguised form of the preposition of. In the second example, instead of saying "continued to party," we used the abbreviation of the preposition on and disguised the preposition as "a."
When the object of a preposition is an interrogative pronoun or a relative pronoun, the preposition comes at the end of the sentence. In the first two of the above examples we can see that due to relative pronouns who and that, the prepositions about and for are detached from their objects. In the third example, the interrogative pronoun 'what' detaches the preposition 'in' from its object.
Chapter.8 Conjunction
Kinds of Conjunctions
Correlative Conjunctions
Compound Conjunctions
Classes of Conjunctions
Kinds of Co-coordinating Conjunctions
They make an assumption in one statement based on the condition in the other statement. The conjunctions that connect an independent clause to a dependent clause are called subordinate conjunctions.
Kinds of Subordinating Conjunctions
These are conjunctions that show the purpose of things: why something was done or why something happened. Conditional subordinating conjunctions are used to express that something will happen if something else is done. These conjunctions admit or state a fact or idea, regardless of what claim is made in the main clause.
We can see that in example one, regardless of the cat's illness, it still plays. So despite what is said in the clause, a fact is still presented by using a compound of concession. Subordinating conjunctions of comparison are used to show comparison between two things in two statements.
Chapter.9 Interjections
Different types of Interjections
- Interjections for Greeting
- Interjections for Happiness
- Interjections for Attention
- Interjections for Approval
- Interjections for Surprise
- Interjections for Sorrow
- Interjections for Shock
- Interjections for Anger
Such interjections are used in sentences to show feelings of warmth towards the person they are meeting. Such interjections are used in sentences to show happiness or joy on any happy occasion. Such interjections are used in sentences to show a sense of agreement or approval of something.
Such interjections are used in sentences to indicate the feeling of surprise at something that has happened. Such interjections are used in sentences to express the feeling of sadness that something unfortunate has happened. Such interjections are used in sentences to express anger that something unfortunate has happened through someone's mistake or carelessness.
Chapter.10 Determiners
Types of Determiners
- Demonstrative Determiners
- Possessive determiners
- Distributive Determiners
- Interrogative Determiners
- Quantifiers
- Cardinal Numbers
- Ordinal Numbers
Possessive determiners are function words used before a noun to indicate possession or ownership of something. Distributive determiners are the kind of function words that refer to things or people of a group or the whole group.
