Enhancing Early Childhood Artistic Skills Through Angklung at Kindergarten

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Website: http://ecampus.iainbatusangkar.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jies Email: [email protected]

Volume 3 Nomor 2 (2023) Pages 184-194

Journal of Islamic Education Students

Enhancing Early Childhood Artistic Skills Through Angklung at Kindergarten

Arifin Muhammad¹^, Khairunnisa², Nabilah Araminta³, Hilda Zahra Lubis⁴ Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Indonesia^1,2,3,4

Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

DOI: 10.31958/jies.v3i2.11574

Article info Abstract

Article History Recieved:

02/11/2023 Accepted:

25/11/2023 Published:

30/11/2023



Corresponding author

Music plays a central role in children's development, and the use of musical instruments such as the angklung has become part of the music education curriculum in preschools. This research aims to delve into the application of the angklung in developing the artistic abilities of early childhood. The method employed is a qualitative approach with descriptive qualitative methods, utilizing data analysis steps based on the Miles and Huberman approach. Data collection involves interviews, observations, and documentation. The research results indicate that the angklung is effective in developing the artistic abilities of children, particularly in the realm of musical arts. Children exhibit variations in their musical expressions through the use of the angklung. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential of the angklung as a tool for developing the artistic skills of early childhood.

Keywords: Angklung, Music, Early childhood

Abstrak

Musik memegang peran sentral dalam perkembangan anak, dan penggunaan alat musik seperti angklung telah menjadi bagian dari pembelajaran seni musik di taman kanak-kanak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendalami penerapan angklung dalam pengembangan kemampuan seni anak usia dini. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, dengan langkah-langkah analisis data berdasarkan pendekatan Miles dan Huberman. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa musik angklung efektif dalam mengembangkan kemampuan seni anak, khususnya dalam seni musik. Anak-anak menunjukkan variasi dalam ekspresi musik mereka melalui penggunaan angklung. Temuan ini memberikan pemahaman yang mendalam tentang potensi alat musik angklung sebagai sarana pengembangan seni anak usia dini.

Kata Kunci: Angklung, Musik, Anak usia dini

INTRODUCTION

In Indonesia, early childhood refers to children aged 0 to 6 years (Nurlaila et al., 2023; Warmansyah, Ismandela, et al., 2023). During their educational process, they are typically grouped into several stages based on age groups. For instance, children aged 2-

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Enhancing Early Childhood Artistic Skills Through Angklung at Kindergarten DOI: 10.31958/jies.v3i2.11574

3 years join daycare groups, those aged 3-4 years join playgroups, and those aged 4-6 years attend kindergarten or Raudhatul Athfal (Setiowati & Warmansyah, 2023;

Warmansyah, Azizah, et al., 2023). Meanwhile, the National Association for the Education for Young Children (NAECY) classifies early childhood as from birth to 8 years old, with various learning stages (Mahriza et al., 2023; Warmansyah, 2023).

Early childhood is a phase marked by rapid growth and development, often considered a developmental leap (Munir & Warmansyah, 2023; Warmansyah et al., 2022). This age range is valuable due to extraordinary cognitive development. It represents a unique phase of life, involving changes in physical, emotional, and mental aspects throughout one's life, in stages and continuously (Shaffer, 2017). Each child in early childhood is unique, with distinct potentials, strengths, weaknesses, talents, and interests.

Early childhood education aims to develop the personality, knowledge, and foundational skills essential for basic education while fostering holistic self- development (Budiarti et al., 2016). It encompasses developing behavioral aspects such as social, emotional, independence, moral, and religious values, along with foundational skill development in language, cognitive abilities, arts, and psychomotor skills (Fitriana, 2022). Education in early childhood is crucial for optimal development and growth without relying heavily on external assistance, particularly from families (Nuha &

Munawaroh, 2022; Saleha et al., 2022; Utami et al., 2023). Therefore, early childhood education is urgent as it provides an opportunity to equip and maximize the potential of each child. It involves enjoyable learning through pleasant methods, acknowledging the significance of stimulating learning as early as possible (Sari et al., 2023).

Playing musical instruments provides children with a means to express themselves confidently (Widjanarko & Andaryani, 2022). Physical activities involving play help improve their motor skills, and playing musical instruments enhances their musical intelligence while boosting their confidence to perform in front of others (Yusuf et al., 2017). Playing musical instruments also offers direct experience on how to play them, developing musical intelligence and fostering a child's interest in delving deeper into the art (Riadi et al., 2023). Art and early childhood are inseparable, as children are drawn to beauty, joy, and excitement. The goal of art development in early childhood is to nurture sensitivity to the environment, cultivate aesthetics, and develop empathy towards others' suffering. Art is an integral component in shaping a complete human being and serves as a creative stimulation. Involving art in learning activates more areas in the brain compared to excluding it. Music, being a form of art, activates more complex parts of the brain (Gustavson et al., 2021).

Developing artistic abilities in early childhood is of paramount importance as it lays the foundation for a well-rounded and holistic individual (Muyassaroh, 2019). The urgency of fostering artistic skills from a young age has been emphasized in various studies, highlighting the multifaceted benefits that contribute to a child's overall development. Cognitive development is a key aspect addressed by researchers such as Piaget (1964) and Vygotsky (2021), who have underscored the role of artistic activities

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in enhancing memory, problem-solving skills, and critical thinking in young minds.

Early exposure to such activities is deemed crucial for intellectual growth.

Emotional expression through art has been extensively discussed in studies by Sternberg, (2021), recognizing how artistic endeavors provide a unique avenue for children to express complex emotions. This contributes significantly to the development of emotional intelligence and self-awareness. The importance of creativity and innovation in early childhood is highlighted by researchers like Wulandari & Maryanti, (2022), who argue that fostering creative thinking from an early age contributes to a mindset that values originality and innovation—a vital foundation for success in various fields. Social skills development through artistic collaboration is supported by studies such as those by Fitriah & Pamungkas, (2023), emphasizing the role of teamwork and communication in artistic activities. Engaging in collaborative art, including playing musical instruments, helps children build effective interpersonal skills.

Confidence building through artistic pursuits is a theme explored by (Yadav et al., (2022), who discusses how tangible outcomes of creative efforts, such as those achieved through playing musical instruments, contribute to a child's sense of accomplishment and positive self-esteem. Cultural appreciation through exposure to art, including traditional musical instruments, has been advocated by researchers like Hapsari & Syukri, (2016), recognizing the role of artistic experiences in fostering an appreciation for cultural diversity.

Therefore, music can be a powerful tool in stimulating creativity, particularly concerning bamboo musical instruments, especially the angklung, and its learning process. Angklung is a traditional musical instrument originating from West Java, made from cut and arranged bamboo tubes that produce harmonious notes when shaken. Each angklung represents one note, contributing to the creation of a harmonious melody when played together.

Given these considerations, the researcher is interested in delving deeper into

"Angklung Games to Develop the Artistic Abilities of Early Childhood." This study aims to develop and describe the artistic abilities of early childhood through angklung games. The benefits of this research include enhancing educators' understanding of the importance of stimulating artistic development in children from an early age and recognizing strategies to improve children's cooperation skills. Additionally, the study emphasizes the significance of implementing traditional games in various aspects of child development.

METHODS

The research method employed in this study is qualitative research. Qualitative research is a naturalistic investigative process seeking an in-depth understanding of social phenomena in their natural setting. The research was conducted at Al-Ikhlash Taqwa Kindergarten, Medan with a total of 15 observed children. The data sources included one school principal, one teacher, and four parents.

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Data collection techniques in this research involve interviews, observations, and documentation. Information is systematically gathered from various sources such as books, articles, and others related to the research topic, which focuses on the use of the angklung to develop the artistic abilities of early childhood.

Data analysis is conducted based on the Miles and Huberman approach. The analysis begins with data reduction, involving the organization and simplification of the collected data. Subsequently, data is categorized and organized to identify emerging patterns or themes. Following this, data presentation describes relevant findings. The final step involves drawing conclusions or verifying through the interpretation of the findings.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Result

The findings from interviews with Teacher AZ and Parents BS, AT, ISD, and AM underscore the positive impact of incorporating the angklung musical instrument in early childhood art education at the Kindergarten. Teacher AZ emphasizes heightened interest and active participation among children, showcasing positive developments in their artistic abilities. Parent BS notes an enhancement in creativity and artistic expression, while Parent AT observes a positive influence on musical intelligence in children. Parent ISD expresses satisfaction with the angklung's role in fostering emotional expression and creating a positive learning atmosphere. Additionally, Parent AM highlights the honing of children's musical intelligence, increased confidence, and a willingness to express themselves through music. Collectively, these interviews portray a positive impression of the angklung's role in stimulating the artistic and musical development of children in the kindergarten setting.

The results of the interview with Teacher AZ indicate that:

“The use of the angklung musical instrument in early childhood art education at the Kindergarten has had a positive impact on the development of children's artistic abilities. Teacher AZ highlights that the children show a high level of interest and active participation in musical activities using the angklung.”

The interview with Parent BS states that:

“The presence of the angklung musical instrument in education at the Kindergarten has a positive influence on the development of creativity and artistic expression in children. Parent BS notes that their children have shown improvement in musical play and emotional expression through the angklung.”

The interview results with Parent AT indicate that:

“The introduction of tones and rhythms through musical activities using the angklung has a positive impact on the development of musical intelligence in children. Parent AT is pleased to see their children becoming more responsive to various types of music.”

In an interview with Parent ISD,

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Satisfaction with the use of the angklung in developing the artistic abilities of children is evident. According to Parent ISD, the presence of this musical instrument helps their children explore emotional expression through music, creating a positive learning atmosphere. They have noticed an improvement in the creativity of children, especially in musical activities.

Meanwhile, the interview with Parent AM highlights that:

“Children's musical intelligence is further honed through active participation in musical activities using the angklung. Parent AM expresses joy in seeing their children becoming more confident and daring to express themselves through music. The positive response of children to various types of music is also recognized as a crucial aspect by Parent AM.

Thus, the interview results from the three parents, BSAT, ISD, and AM, indicate a positive impression of the role of the angklung in stimulating the musical intelligence of children in the kindergarten.

The interview with the School Principal at TK Al-Ikhlash Taqwa serves to reinforce the statements made by parents and teachers regarding the positive impact of angklung-based musical activities on children's musical intelligence. The School Principal acknowledges the effectiveness of incorporating angklung into the curriculum, emphasizing the instrument's contribution to enhancing children's engagement and enthusiasm for music.

According to the School Principal,

“The angklung has proven to be an excellent tool for fostering teamwork and collaboration among the students. The instrument not only enriches the musical aspects of the curriculum but also promotes a sense of unity and mutual understanding among the children. This observation aligns with the parents' accounts of increased responsiveness and positive reactions to various musical genres”

In summary, the School Principal's insights complement those of parents and teachers, confirming that the introduction of angklung in musical activities has a favorable impact on the development of children's musical intelligence at TK Al-Ikhlash Taqwa.

Observations of the development of children's artistic abilities indicate that the children show significant variation in their musical expressions. With the use of the angklung, they can develop creativity in playing music and respond positively to various types of music. Observations conducted during the angklung playing activities involve three phases: planning, implementation, and reflection.

Planning Phase:

The Angklung Playing Activity at TK X represents an applied learning experience aimed at developing musical abilities in children. In TK X, the angklung

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playing activity is facilitated by teachers with the goal that, through this activity, children can learn to play in accordance with the intended objectives. In this phase, preparation involves the time taken to gather all the necessary materials required by the teacher to carry out the angklung playing activity. This includes preparing the angklung musical instruments.

Implementation Phase:

During the implementation of the angklung playing activity, it is essential to ensure that the playing activities remain within the classroom setting, providing both knowledge and experiences for the children. Therefore, in this Angklung Playing Learning activity, the use of the angklung as a medium is crucial. This phase involves the actual process of playing the angklung, conducted once a week every Friday in the classroom. During this stage, children will engage in playing the angklung within their respective groups, based on the musical notes (do, re, mi, etc.).

The reflection Phase:

The reflection phase in angklung activities at TK X is crucial for evaluating engagement, learning outcomes, and group dynamics. Observations focus on children's interest, cooperation, and enjoyment, assessing if the intended learning outcomes, like basic angklung skills and musical enhancement, were achieved. Group dynamics are analyzed for effective collaboration, communication, and teamwork. Challenges are identified for future adjustments, and feedback from teachers, parents, and children is gathered to continually improve angklung sessions, ensuring a meaningful impact on musical development.

These observations and activities follow a systematic approach, contributing to the overall musical development of the children. The regularity of the angklung playing sessions ensures a consistent and engaging learning experience for the students.

Fig 1. Children practicing playing Angklung

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Fig 2. Children following the teacher's instructions in playing Angklung

With these findings, it can be concluded that the use of the angklung musical instrument in early childhood art education has the potential to enhance the development of children's artistic abilities in various aspects of musical intelligence.

Further discussion may involve comparisons with previous research to strengthen these findings.

Discussion

Music learning in early childhood stimulates a child's brain to comprehend everything through tones, rhythmic patterns, and musical elements. Music not only fosters social interaction but also generates potential actions and interactions in return. It is believed to have notable advantages for children, contributing to intellectual development, motor skills, cognitive abilities, and language proficiency. According to Riadi et al., (2023), play enhances intellectual skills when children engage in activities that stimulate their minds. Playing musical instruments becomes an engaging part of a child's musical experience(Ramdana & Sari, 2020). Listening to music also means being able to observe, feel, think, and reason about what is in the song (Badawi, 2019). To stimulate children to become active listeners, one effective method is by playing the angklung, a traditional musical instrument. Traditional angklung music games can stimulate several aspects of early childhood development. Through play, children can develop competencies and skills they need in an enjoyable manner (Sudarto et al., 2023).

The angklung instrument can influence or be influenced by several aspects of a child's development: physical, cognitive, language, socio-emotional, and creative development (Qoyum & Atika, 2021). Physical development involves the training of gross motor skills as children optimize their gross motor skills through playing angklung. Cognitive development includes learning and memorizing angklung notation shared by the teacher. Cognitive training allows for intellectual development stimulation. Language development involves acquiring new vocabulary related to

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playing angklung. Social-emotional development allows children to interact with their peers, express feelings while playing angklung, and adapt and communicate effectively.

Lastly, creative development lets children train their creativity by playing angklung sounds or creating a song without teacher guidance, stimulating their imagination and providing them with freedom (Widjanarko & Andaryani, 2022).

The implementation of angklung play activities in developing the artistic abilities of early childhood aims to enhance children's musical capabilities in an enjoyable setting (Pamungkas & Rizka, 2023). Children learn and recognize the traditional angklung musical instrument through these activities (Widjanarko &

Andaryani, 2022). Playing the angklung can also refine children's fine motor skills as they handle and produce sounds from the instrument (Hapsari & Syukri, 2016).

Additionally, it helps in focusing children's attention. Regular practice of playing angklung is essential to achieve optimal results.

Finally, incorporating angklung play into early childhood education is valuable as it not only enhances musical intelligence but also contributes to the overall development of children. The positive influence of angklung play is evident across various developmental aspects, making it a crucial and enjoyable activity for young learners.

CONCLUSION

The study explores the positive impact of playing the angklung on the artistic development of early childhood. Playing the angklung significantly contributes to various aspects of child development, including physical, cognitive, language, socio- emotional, and creative aspects. Interview results with parents and teachers indicate an increased responsiveness of children to music and their communication skills through playing the angklung. The implementation of this activity provides a space for children to learn and develop holistically. Based on these findings, the incorporation of playing the angklung is considered crucial for the artistic development of early childhood, not only enhancing musical intelligence but also contributing to the overall development of children. Therefore, the approach of incorporating angklung play should be widely applied in the context of early childhood education to provide a fun and profound learning experience.

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