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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): Proposed construction of new road from Kampung Benawa to Kuala Tutoh, Miri Division, Sarawak.
Technical Report · May 2023
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PA CK A G E 1 – RO A D I N F R A S T R U CT U RE P R O J E C T S I N L A P O K / T I N J A R / L O N G L AM A / M A R U D I
P R O J E C T N O . 5 :
P R O PO S ED CO N S T RU C T I O N O F N EW RO A D F R O M K A M P U N G B E N A W A T O L O N G K U A L A T U T O H , M I R I
D I V I S I O N , S A R A W A K .
E N V IR O N M E N T A L IM P A C T A S SE S SM E N T R E P O R T (E I A)
M A Y 2 0 2 3
EIA for the Package 1 – Road Infrastructure Projects in Lapok/Tinjar/Long Lama/Marudi Project No. 5: Proposed Construction of New Road from Kampung Benawa to Long Kuala Tutoh, Miri Division, Sarawak
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TABLE OF CONTENTS i
LIST OF APPENDICES ix
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS x
LIST OF FIGURES xii
LIST OF TABLES xiv
LIST OF PLATES xv
LIST OF CHARTS xvii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i
SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 TITLE OF PROJECT 1-1
1.1.1 Project Overview 1-1
1.2 PROJECT INITIATOR 1-2
1.2.1 PROJECT PROPONENT 1-2
1.2.2 EIA CONSULTANT 1-3
1.3 STATEMENT OF NEED 1-3
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY 1-4
1.4.1 Improving Accessibility and Connectivity 1-5 1.4.2 Provision of Basic Facilities and Amenities 1-5
1.4.3 Stimulating Economic Growth 1-5
1.5 LEGAL ASPECTS 1-6
1.6 CONFORMANCE TO GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND PLANS 1-6
1.6.1 Tenth Malaysia Plan (RMK-10) 1-6
1.6.2 Eleventh Malaysia Plan (RMK-11) 1-7
1.6.3 Rural Transformation Programme (RTP) 1-7
i
EIA for the Package 1 – Road Infrastructure Projects in Lapok/Tinjar/Long Lama/Marudi
Project No. 5: Proposed Construction of New Road from Kampung Benawa to Long Kuala Tutoh, Miri Division, Sarawak
1.7 ENDORSEMENT OF TERMS OF REFERENCE 1-8
SECTION 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 PROJECT LOCATION 2-1
2.2 PROJECT COMPONENTS 2-1
2.2.1 Road Chainage (Ch. 0+000 – Ch. 6+870) 2-2
2.3 PROJECT SITE OPTIONS 2-3
2.3.1 CRITERIA FOR ALIGNMENT SELECTION 2-3
2.3.2 ALIGNMENT OPTIONS 2-4
2.3.2.1 Preferred Alignment Options 2-4
2.3.3 No Project Option 2-5
2.4 PROJECT CONCEPT 2-6
2.4.1 Design Standards and Criteria 2-6
2.4.2 Drainage System 2-6
2.4.2.1 Roadside Drains/Earth Drains 2-6
2.4.2.2 High Density Poly Ethylene (HDPE) Pipe Culverts 2-6
2.4.3 Road Junction 2-7
2.5 PRINCIPLE PROJECT ACTIVITIES 2-7
2.5.1 Pre-Construction Stage 2-7
2.5.1.1 Land Acquisition 2-8
2.5.2 Construction Stage 2-8
2.5.2.1 Site Clearing 2-8
2.5.2.2 Earthworks 2-9
2.5.2.3 Construction of Infrastructures 2-9
2.5.2.4 Ground Improvement 2-10
2.6 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE 2-11
ii
EIA for the Package 1 – Road Infrastructure Projects in Lapok/Tinjar/Long Lama/Marudi Project No. 5: Proposed Construction of New Road from Kampung Benawa to Long Kuala Tutoh, Miri Division, Sarawak
SECTION 3 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT
3.1 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PROJECT AREA 3-1
3.1.1 Climate and Meteorology 3-1
3.1.1.1 Rainfall 3-2
3.1.1.2 Rainfall Characteristic 3-3
3.1.1.3 Surface Wind 3-3
3.1.2 Geology, Soil Conditions and Hydrogeology 3-4
3.1.2.1 Geology 3-4
3.1.2.2 Soil 3-4
3.1.2.3 Hydrogeology 3-5
3.1.3 Topography and Terrain 3-5
3.1.4 Hydrological and Drainage Characteristics 3-5
3.1.4.1 Rivers and Drainage 3-5
3.1.4.2 Water Intake Points (WIP) / Water Treatment Plant (WTP) within Water
Catchment Area 3-6
3.1.4.3 Flooding 3-6
3.1.5 Water Quality 3-7
3.1.5.1 Water Sampling Methodology 3-8
3.1.5.2 Water Sampling Results 3-9
3.1.6 Baseline Ambient Air Quality 3-10
3.1.6.1 Air Quality Sampling Methodology 3-10
3.1.6.2 Air Quality Sampling Results 3-11
3.1.7 Baseline Ambient Noise Level 3-11
3.1.7.1 Noise Level Sampling Methodology 3-12
3.1.7.2 Noise Level Sampling Results 3-13
3.2 BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM 3-14
3.2.1 Terrestrial Flora 3-14
3.2.1.1 Flora Sampling Methodology 3-14
3.2.1.2 Flora Sampling Results 3-14
3.2.2 Aquatic Fauna 3-17
3.2.2.1 Fauna Sampling Methodology 3-17
3.2.2.2 Fauna Sampling Results 3-17
3.2.3 Mammals, Amphibians, Reptiles and Birds 3-18 3.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS 3-19
3.3.1 Socio-Economic Profile 3-19
3.3.1.1 Settlements along the Proposed Alignment 3-21
3.3.2 Study Methodology and Approach 3-21
3.3.2.1 Data Collection and Review 3-22
3.3.2.2 Population and Sample 3-23
3.3.2.3 Instrument 3-23
3.3.2.4 Data Analyses 3-23
3.3.3 Study Findings/Results 3-24
3.3.3.1 Respondents’ Profiles 3-24
3.3.3.2 Age Structure and Education Attainment 3-24
3.3.3.3 Occupation and Income 3-25
3.3.3.4 Length of Stay in the Villages/Longhouses 3-29
3.3.3.5 House Type and Condition 3-29
3.3.3.6 Land Ownership and Land Use 3-30
3.3.3.7 Participation in Social Institutions 3-31
3.3.4 Infrastructures and Utilities 3-31
3.3.4.1 Accessibility 3-31
3.3.4.2 Electricity, Water Supply and Telecommunication 3-32
3.3.4.3 Health Services 3-34
3.3.4.4 Educational Institutions 3-34
3.3.4.5 Religious Institutions 3-35
3.3.4.6 Burial Ground 3-36
3.3.4.7 Community Hall 3-36
k
3.3.4.8 Waste Disposal and Sanitation 3-37 3.3.5 Awareness and Perception on the Development of the Proposed Road 3-38
3.3.6 Incidence of Communicable Disease 3-38
3.4 LAND USE 3-40
3.4.1 Agriculture Capacity and Limitation 3-42
3.5 WASTE MANAGEMENT 3-43
3.6 TRAFFIC 3-45
SECTION 4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND ACTION PLAN
4.1 INTRODUCTION 4-1
4.2 STUDY BOUNDARIES / SENSITIVE RECEPTORS 4-2
4.3 IMPACTS AND ACTION PLAN DURING PRE-CONSTRUCTION
STAGE 4-4
4.3.1 Impact: Land Acquisition 4-4
4.3.2 Action Plan: Land Acquisition 4-4
4.4 IMPACTS AND ACTION PLAN DURING CONSTRUCTION STAGE 4-5
4.4.1 Impact: Air Pollution 4-8
4.4.1.1 Assessment Method 4-9
4.4.1.2 Assessment Results 4-9
4.4.2 Action Plan: Air Pollution 4-15
4.4.2.1 Fugitive Dust Suppression Measures 4-15
4.4.2.2 Reducing Gaseous Emission 4-18
4.4.3 Impact: Noise Level 4-18
4.4.3.1 Assessment Method 4-20
4.4.3.2 Assessment Results 4-22
4.4.4 Action Plan: Noise Level 4-23
4.4.4.1 Duration of Construction Activities 4-23
4.4.4.2 Temporary Noise Barriers 4-23
4.4.4.3 Temporary Acoustic Enclosures 4-24
4.4.4.4 Administrative Control 4-24
4.4.5 Impact: Soil Erosion and Slope Stability 4-25
4.4.5.1 Assessment Method 4-25
4.4.5.2 Assessment Results 4-30
4.4.5.3 Slope Stability 4-31
4.4.6 Action Plan: Soil Erosion and Slope Stability 4-33
4.4.7 Impact: Water Quality 4-37
4.4.7.1 Prediction of TSS Concentration in the Water Bodies 4-37
4.4.7.2 Assessment Method 4-37
4.4.7.3 Assessment Results 4-40
4.4.7.4 Other Potential Impacts to Water 4-41
4.4.8 Action Plan: Water Quality 4-43
4.4.8.1 Management of Construction Site Runoff 4-43 4.4.8.2 Management of Scheduled Wastes at Maintenance Yard 4-44 4.4.8.3 Management of Wastewater from Concrete Batching Plant 4-47
4.4.8.4 Management of Sewage & Sullage 4-49
4.4.9 Impact: Flooding 4-50
4.4.9.1 Assessment Method 4-51
4.4.9.2 Assessment Results 4-52
4.4.10 Action Plan: Hydrology / Flooding 4-54
4.4.10.1 Planning 4-54
4.4.10.2 Site Inspection and Maintenance 4-55
4.4.10.3 Best Management Practices (BMPs) 4-55
4.4.11 Impact: Waste Management / Storage and Disposal of Excess
Materials 4-56
4.4.11.1 Assessment Method 4-56
4.4.11.2 Assessment Results 4-59
4.4.12 Action Plan: Waste Management / Storage and Disposal of Excess
Materials 4-62
4.4.12.1 Biomass Management 4-63
4.4.12.2 Excavated Material 4-64
4.4.12.3 Solid Waste 4-65
4.4.12.4 Scheduled waste 4-67
4.4.13 Impact: Ecology 4-70
4.4.13.1 Assessment Method 4-70
4.4.13.2 Assessment Results 4-70
4.4.14 Action Plan: Ecology 4-71
4.4.15 Impact: Socio-Economic and Land Issues / Health and Hygiene
Issues 4-71
4.4.15.1 Employment Opportunities 4-72
4.4.15.2 Health Risk 4-72
4.4.16 Action Plan: Socio-Economic 4-73
4.4.16.1 General Public Management 4-73
4.4.16.2 Employment of Foreign Workers 4-74
4.4.16.3 Health Risk 4-74
4.4.17 Impact: Occupational Safety and Health 4-75 4.4.18 Action Plan: Occupational Safety and Health 4-76 4.4.18.1 Occupational Safety and Health Measures 4-76 4.5 IMPACTS AND ACTION PLAN DURING OPERATION STAGE 4-78
4.5.1 Impact: Water Pollution 4-80
4.5.1.1 Stormwater Runoff Pollution 4-80
4.5.2 Action Plan: Water Pollution 4-80
4.5.2.1 Runoff Pollution from Road and Bridges 4-80 4.5.3 Impact: Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions 4-82
4.5.4 Impact: Socio-Economic 4-82
4.5.5 Action Plan: Socio-Economic 4-83
EIA for the Package 1 – Road Infrastructure Projects in Lapok/Tinjar/Long Lama/Marudi
Project No. 5: Proposed Construction of New Road from Kampung Benawa to Long Kuala Tutoh, Miri Division, Sarawak
4.6 Impact: Project Abandonment 4-83
4.7 Action Plan: Project Abandonment 4-84
SECTION 5 MONITORING AND AUDITING
5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND MONITORING
PROGRAMME 4-1
5.1.1 Monitoring of Silt Trap Discharge 4-2
5.1.2 Monitoring of River Water Quality 4-2
5.1.3 Monitoring of Air Quality 4-2
5.1.4 Monitoring of Noise Levels 4-2
SECTION 6 RESIDUAL IMPACTS AND RECOMMENDATION FOR MANAGEMENT
5.1 INTRODUCTION 4-1
5.2 RESIDUAL IMPACT 4-1
5.3 RECOMMENDATION FOR MANAGEMENT 4-4
5.3.1 Environmental Management Framework 4-4
5.3.2 Organisational Structure 4-5
5.3.2.1 Roles and Responsibilities 4-5
5.3.2.2 Meeting and Reporting System 4-6
5.3.3 Reporting 4-6
5.3.3.1 Reporting to Natural Resources and Environment Board (NREB) 4-6
5.3.4 Emergency Response Plan 4-7
SECTION 7 : CONCLUSION 7-1
6.1 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION 7-1
6.2 POTENTIAL SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 7-1
6.2.1 Pre-Construction Stage 7-1
6.2.2 Construction Stage 7-2
6.2.3 Operation Stage 7-3
EIA for the Package 1 – Road Infrastructure Projects in Lapok/Tinjar/Long Lama/Marudi Project No. 5: Proposed Construction of New Road from Kampung Benawa to Long Kuala Tutoh, Miri Division, Sarawak
6.3 CONCLUSION 7-3
SECTION 8: REFERENCES 8-1
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX A MINUTES OF SCOPING MEETING FOR TOR APPENDIX B DETAILED DRAWING DOCUMENTS
APPENDIX C CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS
APPENDIX D STANDARD SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
ix
EIA for the Package 1 – Road Infrastructure Projects in Lapok/Tinjar/Long Lama/Marudi
Project No. 5: Proposed Construction of New Road from Kampung Benawa to Long Kuala Tutoh, Miri Division, Sarawak
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
APHA : American Public Health Association BMP : Best Management Practice
BOD : Biochemical Oxygen Demand
CH : Chainage
COD : Chemical Oxygen Demand CO : Carbon Monoxide
DOE : Department of Environment DO : Dissolved Oxygen
DS : Dissolved Solids
EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment EMP : Environmental Management Plan ERP : Emergency Response Plan FCC : Faecal Coliform Count FOS : Factor of Safety
GDP : Gross Domestic Product HDD : Horizontal Direct Drilling
JBALB : Jabatan Bekalan Air Luar Bandar JKR : Jabatan Kerja Raya
LHS : Left Hand Side
LIDAR : Light Detection and Ranging LOS : Level of Service
MAAQG : Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guideline MAAQS : Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Standard NKRA : National Key Result Area
NO2 : Nitrogen Dioxide
NREB : Natural Resources and Environment Board NWQS : National Water Quality Standards
PED : Preliminary Engineering Design PM10 : Particulate Matters
PVD : Prefabricated Vertical Drains R&R : Removal and Replacement RC : Reinforced Concrete RCP : Reinforced Concrete Pipe RHS : Right Hand Side
RMK-10 : Tenth Malaysia Plan
EIA for the Package 1 – Road Infrastructure Projects in Lapok/Tinjar/Long Lama/Marudi Project No. 5: Proposed Construction of New Road from Kampung Benawa to Long Kuala Tutoh, Miri Division, Sarawak
RMK-11 : Eleventh Malaysia Plan ROW : Right of Way
SO2 : Sulphur dioxide SRB : Sarawak River Board SS : Suspended Solids TCC : Total Coliform Count TOR : Terms of Reference
TSP : Total Suspended Particulates TSS : Total Suspended Solids WIP : Water Intake Point WQI : Water Quality Index WTP : Water Treatment Plant
xi
EIA for the Package 1 – Road Infrastructure Projects in Lapok/Tinjar/Long Lama/Marudi
Project No. 5: Proposed Construction of New Road from Kampung Benawa to Long Kuala Tutoh, Miri Division, Sarawak
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1.1-1 Project Alignment of Project 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 under Package 1 1-11 Figure 1.1.1-2 Proposed Alignment of Project 5 1-12 Figure 2.1-1 Proposed Alignment within Marudi DIstrict 2-13 Figure 3.1.2-1 Geological Map of the Proposed Alignment 3-47 Figure 3.1.2-2 Soil Map of the Proposed Alignment 3-48 Figure 3.1.2-3 Hydrogeological Map of the Proposed Alignment 3-49 Figure 3.1.4-1 River Basin and River Systems along the Proposed Alignment 3-50 Figure 3.1.4-2 Water Intake Point and Water Treatment Plant Locations within
Water Catchment Area 3-51
Figure 3.1.4-3 Flood Prone Area along the Proposed Alignment 3-52
Figure 3.1.5-1 Baseline Sampling Locations 3-53
Figure 3.4-1 Land Use within 3 km Radius of the Proposed Alignment 3-54 Figure 3.4-2 Land Classification of the Proposed Alignment 3-55 Figure 4.4.5-1a Soil Erosion Risk Map (Pre-Construction 1-4) 4-85 Figure 4.4.5-1b Soil Erosion Risk Map (Pre-Construction 2-4) 4-86 Figure 4.4.5-1c Soil Erosion Risk Map (Pre-Construction 3-4) 4-87 Figure 4.4.5-1d Soil Erosion Risk Map (Pre-Construction 4-4) 4-88 Figure 4.4.5-2a Soil Erosion Risk Map (Construction Worst Case 1-4) 4-89 Figure 4.4.5-2b Soil Erosion Risk Map (Construction Worst Case 2-4) 4-90 Figure 4.4.5-2c Soil Erosion Risk Map (Construction Worst Case 3-4) 4-91
EIA for the Package 1 – Road Infrastructure Projects in Lapok/Tinjar/Long Lama/Marudi Project No. 5: Proposed Construction of New Road from Kampung Benawa to Long Kuala Tutoh, Miri Division, Sarawak
Figure 4.4.5-2d Soil Erosion Risk Map (Construction Worst Case 4-4) 4-92 Figure 4.4.5-3a Soil Erosion Risk Map (Construction with Mitigation 1-4) 4-93 Figure 4.4.5-3b Soil Erosion Risk Map (Construction with Mitigation 2-4) 4-94 Figure 4.4.5-3c Soil Erosion Risk Map (Construction with Mitigation 3-4) 4-95 Figure 4.4.5-3d Soil Erosion Risk Map (Construction with Mitigation 4-4) 4-96 Figure 4.4.5-4a Soil Erosion Risk Map (Post Construction 1-4) 4-97 Figure 4.4.5-4b Soil Erosion Risk Map (Post Construction 2-4) 4-98 Figure 4.4.5-4c Soil Erosion Risk Map (Post Construction 3-4) 4-99 Figure 4.4.5-4d Soil Erosion Risk Map (Post Construction 4-4) 4-100
Figure 5.1-1 Proposed Monitoring Locations 4-5
EIA for the Package 1 – Road Infrastructure Projects in Lapok/Tinjar/Long Lama/Marudi
Project No. 5: Proposed Construction of New Road from Kampung Benawa to Long Kuala Tutoh, Miri Division, Sarawak
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.4.6-1 BMPs Components for Soil Erosion and Slope Stability 4-34 Table 4.4.7-1 Summary of TSS Concentration Impacts to Receiving Waterways
Evaluation Matrix Parameters 4-39
Table 4.4.7-2 Predicted Concentration of TSS for Scenario 1 and 2 4-40 Table 4.4.7-3 Summary of TSS Concentration Impacts Magnitude Evaluation Matrix
4-41 Table 4.4.7-4 Potential Sources of Water Pollution, Receptors and Impacts 4-42 Table 4.4.9-1 Details of Rainfall Stations in Sarawak and Samarahan Basin 4-51 Table 4.4.9-2 Flood Record in Project Site 4-52 Table 4.4.9-2 Flood Record in Project Site (Cont..) 4-53 Table 4.4.9-2 Flood Record in Project Site (Cont..) 4-54 Table 4.4.11-1 Category and Method to Quantify Waste 4-57
Table 4.4.11-2 Estimated Biomass Generation 4-59
Table 4.4.11-3 Estimated Excavated Material 4-60
Table 4.4.11-4 Potential Impacts from Improper Waste Management 4-62 Table 4.4.12-1 List of Landfills nearby the Project Site 4-67 Table 4.4.17-1 Occupational Safety and Health Hazards and its Possible Causes and
Consequences 4-75
Table 4.5-2 Summary of Impacts during Operation Stage 4-78
Table 4.5-1 Operation Stage Impact Matrix 4-79
Table 5.1-1 Proposed Monitoring Locations for River Water, Air Quality and Noise 4-1 Table 5.1-2
Table 6.2-1
Proposed Environmental Monitoring Programme
Summary of Residual Impacts during Construction and
4-3 Operation
Stage 4-2
Table 6.3.2-1 Roles and responsibilities during Construction 4-5
EIA for the Package 1 – Road Infrastructure Projects in Lapok/Tinjar/Long Lama/Marudi Project No. 5: Proposed Construction of New Road from Kampung Benawa to Long Kuala Tutoh, Miri Division, Sarawak
LIST OF PLATES
Plate 2.5.2-1: Examples of Ground Improvement Activities 2-11 Plate 3.1.5-1 River Water Station at Batang Baram River 3-8 Plate 3.1.6-1 Ambient Air Quality at Long Kuala Tutoh 3-11 Plate 3.1.7-1 Ambient noise sampling at N1 – Long Kuala Tutoh settlement 3-13
Plate 3.2.1-1 Existing Terrestrial Flora 3-16
Plate 3.2.2-1 Aquatic Fauna Found 3-18
Table 3.3.1-1 Total Population of Villages Understudy 3-21 Plate 3.3.2-1 Interview Sessions with the Local Communities 3-22
Plate 3.3.3-1 Crops Grown by the Villagers 3-26
Plate 3.3.3-2 Fishes Caught by the Villagers 3-28
Plate 3.3.3-3 Other Economic Income 3-29
Plate 3.3.3-4 House Types and Condition 3-30
Plate 3.3.3-5 Social Institututions 3-31
Plate 3.3.4-1 Access Mode to Villages/Longhouses 3-32
Plate 3.3.4-2 Existing Amenities 3-33
Plate 3.3.4-3 Health Services 3-34
Plate 3.3.4-4 Educational Institutions 3-35
Plate 3.3.4-5 Religious Institutions 3-36
Plate 3.3.4-6 Kuala Tutoh’s Cristian burial ground at Bukit Tebuwing 3-36
Plate 3.3.4-7 Community Hall 3-37
EIA for the Package 1 – Road Infrastructure Projects in Lapok/Tinjar/Long Lama/Marudi
Project No. 5: Proposed Construction of New Road from Kampung Benawa to Long Kuala Tutoh, Miri Division, Sarawak
Plate 3.3.4-8 Garbage bin seen outside Kuala Tutoh’s longhouse 3-37 Plate 3.4-1 Existing Land Use along Proposed Alignment 3-41 Plate 4.4.1-1 Examples of Potential Air Pollution Impacts from Construction
Activities 4-8
Plate 4.4.2-1 Examples of Fugitive Dust Dispersion Mitigation Measures 4-17 Plate 4.4.4-1 Examples of Temporary Noise Barriers and Enclosures 4-24 Plate 4.4.6-1 Examples of Soil Erosion and Sediment Runoff Control Measures 4-36
Plate 4.4.8-1 Examples of Skid Tank 4-45
Plate 4.4.8-2 Examples of Sewage and Sullage Management 4-50 Plate 4.4.10-1 Examples of BMPs for Hydrology/Flooding 4-55 Plate 4.4.11-1 Existing Vegetation Along Project Alignment 4-59 Plate 4.4.12-1 Examples of Biomass Management as Bund for Sedimentation
Basin 4-64
Plate 4.4.12-2 Examples of Different Types of Waste Bins 4-66 Plate 4.4.12-3 Examples of Scheduled Wastes Management. 4-69 Plate 4.5.2-1 Examples of Structural BMPs for Runoff Pollution 4-81
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