ESM 2: Study characteristics of included studies
Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
Study Population Mean
Age, y
Males,
%
Illness severity Surg, % Oliguria,
%
Cr, μM Sepsis, % APACHE II SAPS II MODS or
SOFA
Ventilated,
%
Vasopressors, %
Abe 2010 Japan (n=60)
ICU patients with AKI that required RRT. AKI was defined by at least one of following conditions: (i) volume overload despite diuretic administration, (ii) oliguria (urine output <200 mL/12 h) in spite of fluid resuscitation and diuretic administration, (iii) anuria (urine output <50 mL/12 h), (iv) azotemia (blood urea nitrogen >80 mg/dL), (v) hyperkalemia (K value >6.5 mmol/L), and (vi) classification under the “R,” “I,” or “F” categories of the Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-stage kidney disease (RIFLE) classification system.
68.7 65.0 27.3 NR 9.0 (SOFA) 48.5 85.0 13.0 63.5 419.9 71.5
Abe 2011 Japan (n=50)
Critically ill patients with AKI, defined by at least one of the following conditions: (i) volume overload despite diuretic
65.9 66.0 19.8 NR 8.2 (SOFA) 34.0 26.0 8.0 60.0 415.5 50.0
administration, (ii) oliguria (urine output <200 mL/12 h) in spite of fluid resuscitation and diuretic administration, (iii) anuria (urine output <50 mL/12 h), (iv) azotemia (blood urea nitrogen >80 mg/dL), (v) hyperkalemia (K value > 6.5 mEq/L), or (vi) classification under the “R,” “I,” or “F” categories of the Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End- stage kidney disease (RIFLE) classification system
Al-Hwiesh 2018 Saudi Arabia (n=125)
ICU patients with AKI and multi- organ involvement and requiring RRT. AKI was defined as a rise in serum creatinine of 0.3 mg/ dL or more from baseline or an hourly urine output of less than 0.5 mL/kg, as per the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) classification.
45.0 73.6 21.8 NR NR 65.6 21.6 NR NR CVVH
DF=450 .84 (median );
TPD=43 3.16 (median )
NR
Augustine 2004 USA (n=80)
ICU patients with ARF requiring dialysis.
61.4 67.5 NR NR NR NR 53.8 66.3 46.3 424.3 NR
Badawy 2013 Egypt (n=80)
AKI after cardiac surgery and who needed RRT. RRT was initially guided by the RIFLE criteria for
47.5 65.0 23.1 NR NR NR NR 100.0 NR 335.9 27.5
stage 1 AKI: a doubling in the serum creatinine level and/or urine output less than 0.5 ml/kg for 12 h.
Chang 2009 Korea (n=65)
ICU patients with sepsis with ARF. 67.0 49.2 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 100.0
Dai 2016 China (n=73)
ICU patients with sepsis induced AKI, and sCr increased by 2 times, GFR decreased by 50%, or urine volume < 0.5ml ·h-1·kg-1 exceeded 6h.
58.6 60.3 21.5 NR NR NR NR NR NR 392.2 100.0
Duad 2006 Malaysia (n=20)
Adults patients who were critically ill on ventilatory support in ICU or coronary care unit with ARF. ARF was defined by a sudden rise in serum creatinine concentration to over 2.3 mg/dL (200 umol/L) in patients with prior normal renal function, and/or a rise by more than 2.3 mg/dL (200 umol/L) in patients with prior renal dysfunction plus one of the following: (i) oliguria (urine output of less than 200ml in the preceeding 12 hours) despite fluid resuscitation and frusemide administration, (ii) severe acidaemia (pH < 7.1) due to metabolic acidosis,
50.4 60.0 NR 65.9 NR 100.0 NR 30.0 NR 263.1 90.0
(iii) hyperkalaemia (plasma K > 6.5 mmol/L) , and (iv) suspeted uraemic organ involvement (pericarditis, encephalopathy)
Gasparovic 2003
Croatia (n=104)
General surgical, cardiac surgical, and medical ICU Patients with ARF, always in conjunction with multiple organ failure.
NR NR 21.1 NR 9.45 (SOFA) NR NR NR NR NR 76.9
George 2007 India (n=20)
ICU patients with ARF. 43.5 NR 16.3 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR
John 2001 Germany (n=33)
Medical ICU patients with the following inclusion criteria: age between 18 and 80 years, body weight between 50 and 100 kg, presence of ARF (serum creatinine>3.0 mg/dl and/or urine output＜10 ml/h), presence of severe septic shock, need for MV>48 h, severe illness defined by an APACHE II score between 20 and 45, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure ≥12 mmHg but＜18 mmHg to exclude severe fluid overload or fluid deficit, no history of chronic renal insufficiency.
60.7 86.7 33.7 NR NR 100.0 100.0 0 NR 450.8 100 (septic
shock)
Lins 2009 ICU patients with AKI with a serum 65.9 59.2 26.7 NR 10.8 (SOFA) 74.7 NR 28.0 NR >176.8 64.9
Belgium (n=316)
creatinine >2 mg/dL and need for RRT.
Mehta 2001 USA (n=166)
Adult ICU patients with ARF, which was defined using standard laboratory parameters. For patients with no prior history of kidney disease or available laboratory values, ARF was defined by a blood urea nitrogen ≥40 mg/dL (140 μmol/L) or a serum creatinine of
≥2.0 mg/dL (177 μmol/L). For patients with available baseline laboratory values, ARF was defined by a sustained rise in serum creatinine of ≥1 mg/dL (88.4 μmol/L) compared with baseline. A patient was considered for enrollment if in the judgment of the treating nephrologist he or she required dialysis and if the mean arterial blood pressure was> 70 mm Hg with or without pressor support in the eight hours preceding randomization.
55.4 75.9 24.6 NR NR 60.4 NR 27.7 22.3 397.7 NR
Morgera 2004 Germany
Critically ill patients with septic shock. The inclusion criterion was
64.6 58.3 31.3 NR 10.4
(MODS)
100 100 (all
norepinephrine,
20.8 NR 254.2 100.0
(septic
(n=24) the onset of ARF in the course of a septic multiple organ failure syndrome. ARF was based on 1 of the following criteria: (i) fluid overload owing to inadequate urine production despite administration of diuretic agents and maintenance of adequate blood pressure, (ii) an increase in serum creatinine level to greater than 2.5 mg/dL (221 μmol/L, from normal baseline values) or doubling of the baseline creatinine value, or (iii) serum potassium level greater than 5.5 mEq/L (mmol/L) because of oligoanuria.
60%
epinephrine)
shock)
Nand 2010 India (n=30)
The inclusion criterion was based on one or more of the following: (i) the patients of ARF who were critically ill (APACHE III score>80) and hemodynamically unstable (SBP
<90 mm Hg), (ii) the patients of ARF who were on invasive ventilator support. (iii) persistent volume overload despite daily hemodialysis.
41.6 53.3 101.1
(APAHCE III)
NR NR 37 60.0 13.3 100.0 512.0 46.7
Pettilä 2001 Finland (n=38)
Medical-surgical ICU patients with ARF with serum urea concentration
48.5 81.6 19.5 NR 10.3
(MODS)
NR NR NR NR 448.6 13.2
over 30 mmol/l or serum creatinine concentration increase over 50 umol/L/24h.
Phu 2002 Vietnam (n=70)
Patient in whom urgent renal- replacement therapy was indicated to treat acute renal failure was considered eligible for the study.
36 81 NR NR NR NR NR NR 80 556.9 31.4
Plata-Menchaca 2017
Spain (n=106)
ICU patients with sepsis and AKI who met CRRT initiation criteria.
64.0 66.0 25.0 NR 11.0 (SOFA) NR NR NR NR NR 100.0
Ponce 2012 Brazil (n=179)
Critically ill adults with AKI (defined according to AKIN) due to acute tubular necrosis who require use of vasoactive drugs in Intensive Care Unit.
65.6 70.3 NR NR NR NR 100 32.9 NR 446.4 NR
Ponce 2013 Brazil (n=407)
Critically ill patients with acute tubular necrosis as etiology of AKI, with noradrenalin dose lower than 0.8 ucg/kg/min, and they were treated with at least two sessions of EHD or HVPD. AKI was defined as a rapidly rising serum creatinine level according to Acute Kidney Network Criteria and acute tubular necrosis as a history of prolonged and profound hypotension, severe
61.8 71.3 27.0 NR NR 85.3 100 NR 62.9 400.2 47.7
nephrotoxic drugs overdose, or excess endogenous nephrotoxic pigments (hemoglobinuria and myoglobinuria).
Ratanarat 2012 Thailand (n=60)
ICU patients who had developed AKI that required RRT. The main criteria for inclusion was a clinical diagnosis of AKI and that the patient fulfilled at least one of following conditions: (i) volume overload despite diuretic administration, (ii) oliguria or anuria in spite of fluid resuscitation and diuretic administration, (iii) azotemia (blood urea nitrogen > 70 mg/dL), (iv) hyperkalemia (serum K > 6.5 mmol/L) that was refractory to medical treatment and (v) severe metabolic acidosis despite medical treatment.
57.3 60.0 26.7 NR NR 93.3 66.7 NR NR 448.6 81.7
Sandy 1998 (n=79)
ICU patients with new onset ARF 60.7 NR 23.0 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR
Saudan 2006 Switzerland (n=206)
Medical and surgical ICU patients.
They were eligible for extra-renal replacement therapy if they fulfilled the following inclusion criteria:
63.5 61.0 25.0 NR 9.5 (SOFA) NR NR 22.8 37.0 428.4 60.0
oliguria (urine output < 200 ml/12 h) despite fluid resuscitation and intravenous diuretic treatment, and/or aezotemia (BUN >30 mmol/l) with urine output <1500 ml/12 h.
Schefold 2014 Germany (n=252)
Medical ICU adult patients with ARF requiring RRT. Need for RRT was defined as presence of at least one of the following criteria: (i) clinical symptoms of uremia; (ii) persisting oliguria (urinary excretion rate <0.5 ml/kg/min for >12 hours), or anuria (anuria for >12 hours or
<0.3 ml/kg/h for >24 hours), despite adequate fluid management; (iii) fluid overload not responding to diuretic treatment; (iv) BUN levels >100 mg/dl or creatinine clearance <0.1 ml/ kg of body weight/min; (v) severe metabolic acidosis (pH <7.2) not responding to conventional treatment; and (vi) hyperkalemia not responding to conservative treatment.
61.5 62.4 28.6 65.0 13.1 (SOFA) 86.4 84.0 5.2
(postsurgery )
NR 318.8 68.0
Schwenger Surgical ICU patients with AKI 66.2 67.7 31.8 68.5 NR 88.4 100 100% 14.0 227.2 54.0
2012 Germany (n=232)
requiring RRT and met at least one of the following inclusion criteria:
oligoanuria (urine output < 500 ml in a 24-hour period) and exclusion of post renal AKI, volume overload and unresponsiveness to fluid resuscitation measures, serum potassium > 6.5 mmol/l and an acute rise in plasma urea nitrogen level above 70 mg/dl.
surgical ICU
Shin 2011 Korea (n=46)
Critically ill patients with AKI. 63 63.0 26.5 NR NR NR NR 30.4% NR 367.7 45.7
Skofic 2012 Slovenia (n=290)
ICU-treated critically ill patients, who had AKI due to ATN (based on clinical criteria) requiring acute dialysis support as well as a failure of at least one additional (non-renal) organ.
68.7 66.3 31.1 NR 8.7
(MOSF)
75.1 NR 39.2 42.1 472 80.6
Uehlinger 2005 Switzerland (n=125)
ICU patients who were scheduled for RRT for ARF as defined by serum creatinine levels >350 mmol/l (>4.0 mg/dl) and/or urine output <20 ml/h.
Median 67 (n=70) 66 (n=55)*
68.8 NR Median
55(in both groups)
*
NR 77.6 76.8 49.6 63.2 Median
324 (n=70) 335 (n=55)*
46.4
Vinsonneau 2006
France (n=360)
Medical or multidisciplinary ICU patients with the following inclusion criteria (i) acute renal failure-defined
65 72.7 NR 64.5 10 (LODS) 96.1 87.2 29.8
(Reason for admission:
57.9 427.1 62.7
as serum urea concentration of 36 mmol/L or more or serum creatinine concentration of 310 μmol/L or more; (ii) the need for RRT; and (iii) a multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome-defined by a logistic organ dysfunction score of 6 or more.
surgical)
Wald 2012 Multicentre (n=78)
Critically ill adults (≥16 years of age) with AKI (a serum creatinine increase of ≥50% from baseline) and hemodynamic instability (SOFA- Cardiovascular score of ≥1, and the patient have a mean arterial pressure
<70 mmHg or receipt of at least one vasopressor or inotrope) and at least one of the following indications for RRT initiation: (i) oliguria; (ii) metabolic acidosis; (iii) refractory hyperkalemia; (iv) serum urea >50 mmol/L; or (v) suspected uremic organ involvement
61.5 61.0 NR NR 15.9 (SOFA) 94.8 89.6 NR NR 261.2 81.8
APACHE II=acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II; SAPS II=simplified acute physiology score II; MODS=multiple organ dysfunction score; SOFA=sequential organ failure assessment score; Cr=serum creatinine concentration in micromoles per litre; ICU=intensive care unit; AKI= acute kidney injury; RRT=renal-replacement therapy; ARF=acute renal failure; MV=mechanical ventilation; BUN= blood urea nitrogen.
Table 2
Study Anticoagulation Comparator 1 Comparator 2
Mode Filter; dialysate Blood flow, mL/min
Dose Mode Filter; dialysate Blood flow,
mL/min
Dose
Abe 2010 Japan (n=60)
heparin or nafamostat mesilate
CVVHDF (post) (n=30)
Asahi ACH- 10hemofiltratio n machine (Asahi Kasei Medical Co.,Tokyo, Japan);
Sublood-BS (Fuso
Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.,Osaka, Japan
80-200 34.5 mL/kg/h S-HDF (post)
(n=30)
Nikkiso DBB- 02(Nikkiso Co., Tokyo, Japan);
Sublood-BS (FusoPharmaceutic al Industries Ltd., Osaka, Japan)
80-200 NR
Abe 2011 Japan (n=50)
Heparin or
nafamostat mesilate
CVVHDF (post) (continuous venovenous haemodiafilt
A 1.0 m2 polymethylmeth acrylate (PMMA;
Hemofeel CH-
80-200 26.6 ml/kg/h SHDF (post)
(sustained hemodiafiltration ) (n=25)
A 1.0 m2
polymethylmethac rylate (PMMA;
Hemofeel CH-1.0;
Toray, Tokyo,
80-200 NR
ration) (n=25)
1.0; Toray, Tokyo, Japan) or polyester- polymer alloy (PEPA; FDY- 100GW;Nikkiso , Tokyo, Japan) membrane;
sterile bicarbonate solution containing acetate
Japan) or
polyester-polymer alloy (PEPA; FDY- 100GW;Nikkiso, Tokyo, Japan) membrane;
acetate-free bicarbonate dialysate
Al-Hwiesh 2018
Saudi Arabia (n=125)
Unfractionated heparin
CVVHDF (continuous venovenous haemodiafilt ration) (n=62)
PrismaFlex system, Gambro, Hospal, Lyon, France);
Hemosol (Gambro)
180-200 23.55 ml/kg/h TPD (tidal
peritoneal dialysis) (n=63)
Flex-Neck Classic Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter, Merit Medical Systems, Inc. South Jordan, UT, USA
Tidal peritoneal dialysis of 25 L/day, using Physioneal 1.36–2.27%
and occasionally 3.8% as clinically indicated, each fill 2.0
NR
L and tidal volume of 70%.
Augustine 2004 USA (n=80)
heparin CVVHD
(continuous venovenous hemodialysi s) (n=40)
polysulfone low-flux membranes;
bicarbonate dialysate
200 Low dose (not
specified)
IHD (intermittent hemodialysis) (n=40)
polysulfone low- flux membranes;
bicarbonate dialysate
300 NR
Badawy 2013 Egypt (n=80)
heparin CVVHDF
(Continuous venovenous hemodiafiltr ation) (n=40)
a multifiltrate continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) machine (Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany) or a Prismaflex machine (Gambro)
150-200 NR EDD (Extended
daily dialysis) (n=40)
4008S machine (Fresenius Medical Care)
100-200 NR
Chang 2009 Korea (n=65)
NR CVVHDF
(continuous vevo- venous hemodiafiltr ation)
Prisma (Hospal- Gambro)
NR NR CVVHF
(continuous vevo-venous hemofiltration) (n=32)
NR NR NR
(n=33) Dai 2016
China (n=73)
Unfractionated heparin
CRRT (Continuous renal replacement therapy) (n=35)
Prismaflex- 113080
100-200 NR IHD (intermittent
haemodialysis) (n=38)
Germany fresenius 4008B
hemodialysis machine
NR NR
Duad 2006 Malaysia (n=20)
heparin CVVHD
(pre) (continuous venovenous hemodialysi s) (n=11)
a 0.6 m2 AN 69 hemofilter (Hospal Multiflow 60) and Prisma (predilution) machine
≥ 120 NR CVVH (pre)
(continuous venovenous haemofiltration) (n=9)
a 0.6 m2 AN 69 hemofilter (Hospal Multiflow 60) and Prisma
(predilution) machine.
NR ≥ 120
Gasparovic 2003 Croatia (n=104)
Heparin or no anticoagulant
CVVH (continuous venovenous hemofiltrati on) (n=52)
polysulfone NR 18 ml/kg/h (in 33 patients)
35 ml/kg/h (in 19 patients)
IHD (Intermittent hemodialysis) (n=52)
biocompatible polysulfone membrane (1.4–
1.6m2)
200-250 NR
George 2007 India (n=20)
NR CVVHDF
(continuous veno venous hemodiafiltr ation) (n=9)
NR NR NR CPD (continuous
peritoneal dialysis) (n=11)
NR NR NR
John 2001 Germany
heparin CVVH
(post)
Biocompatible polysulphone
250 ml/min
NR IHD (n=11)* Biocompatible
polysulphone
250 ml/min NR
(n=33) (n=22)* membranes (AV 600, 1.35 m2 active surface area, Fresenius, Bad Homburg, Germany),
membranes (F6HPS, 1.3 m2active surface area, Fresenius, Bad Homburg, Germany), bicarbonate- buffered dialysate Lins 2009
Belgium (n=316)
Heparin or LMWH or Citrate
CVVH (post) (n=172)
polysulfone or AN 69; lactate or bicarbonate dialysate
100-250 It was continued during 24 h/day with an ultrafiltration rate of 1–
2 L/h
IHD (n=144) polysulfone or AN 69; bicarbonate dialysate
100-300 Daily dialysis was performed during 4–6 h per session with a dialysate flow of 300–500 mL/min
Mehta 2001 USA (n=166)
Heparin or Saline or Regional Citrate
CVVHDF (was CAVHDF for ~15%
of patients) (n=84)
Polysulfone or polyacrylonitrile membranes; NR
100 Dialysate flow rates of 16.7 mL/min, and ultrafiltration rates of 400 to 800 mL/hour
IHD (n=82) Cellulosic (cuprophan, cellulose acetate) and noncellulosic (polysulfone, polymethylmethac rylate, and polya- crylonitrile) membranes ; bicarbonate-based
200-300 500mL/min
Morgera 2004 Germany (n=24)
Unfractionated Heparin
CVVH (post) (n=12)
polyflux hemofilter (effective surface area, 1.1
NR NR CVVHD (post)
(n=12)
polyflux hemofilter (effective surface area, 1.1 m2; steam sterilized; P2SH;
NR NR
m2; steam sterilized;
P2SH; Gambro Corporate Research, Hechingen, Germany);
Bicarbonate Buffered Solution
Gambro Corporate Research,
Hechingen, Germany);
Bicarbonate Buffered Solution
Nand 2010 India (n=30)
Heparin CVVHDF
(n=15)
A 1.1-M² hollow fibre
haemodiafilter (cellulose acetate);
Standard dialysis fluid
NR 16-25ml/min;
depending upon patient’s stability a net negative balance or 100-200 ml/hour was attempted
CAVHDF (n=15) A 1.1-M² hollow fibre
haemodiafilter (cellulose acetate);
Standard
peritonneal dialysis fluid
NR 16-25ml/min; depending upon patient’s stability a net negative balance or 100-200 ml/hour was attempted
Pettilä 2001 Finland (n=38)
Enoxoparin IHD
(intermittent hemodialysi s) (n=17)
Polyflux 17 hemodiafilter (Gambro, Hechingen, Germany);
BiCart 205 acid sodium bicarboante concentrate
250 Diasylate Flow:
700mL/min with 4L ultrafiltration
IHDF
(intermittent on- line predilution hemodiafiltration ) (n=21)
Polyflux 17 hemodiafilter (Gambro, Hechingen, Germany) ; BiCart 205 acid sodium bicarboante concentrate (Gambro, Lund,
250 533mL/min diasylate flow with 167mL/min ultrafiltration fluid
(Gambro, Lund, Sweden)
Sweden)
Phu 2002 Vietnam (n=70)
Heparin PD
(peritoneal dialysis) (n=36)
FH-66 hemofilter;
Lactate-based hemofiltration fluid
150 Two-liter exchanges were used with a 30- minute dwell time in the abdomen (a total of approximately 70 liters per day).
pumped venovenous hemofiltration (pre) (n=34)
NR; sterile, acetate-based dialysis fluid
NR NR
Plata- Menchaca 2017
Spain (n=106)
Heparin or Other CVVH (n=49)
AN69-ST-150;
NR
NR 30mL/kg/hr CVVHD (n=57) AN69-ST-150; NR NR 30mL/kg/hr
Ponce 2012 Brazil (n=179)
NR HVPD (high
volume peritoneal dialysis) (n=70)*
NR NR NR SLED (sustained
low efficiency dialysis)
(n=109)*
NR NR NR
Ponce 2013 Brazil (n=407)
Heparin or Saline EHD (extended daily hemodialysi s) (n=283)*
NR ; Dianeal PD solution
NR NR HVPD (high
volume peritoneal dialysis) (n=124)*
Cellulose acetate dialyzers (CA 150
or 170);
Bicarbonate, potassium, and sodium dialysate
150-200 NR
Ratanarat 2012 Thailand (n=60)
Heparin (unless contraindicated)
SLEDD-ƒ (sustained low-
standard 1.8 m2 polysulfone high flux
NR NR SLEDD
(sustained low- efficiency daily
standard 1.8 m2 polysulfone high flux dialyzer
NR NR
efficiency daily diafiltration) (n=27)
dialyzer (HF80S;
Fresenius, Kuf 55 ml/h x mmHg);
sterile-pyrogen free replacement solution dialysate
dialysis) (n=33) (HF80S; Fresenius, Kuf 55 ml/h x mmHg);
bicarbonate- containing dialysis fluid
Sandy 1998 (n=79)
NR CVVHD
(n=39)
Dialyzer membrane (PSN-low flux)
NR NR IHD (n=40) Dialyzer
membrane (PSN- low flux)
NR NR
Saudan 2006 Switzerland (n=206)
Heparin or no anticoagulant
CVVH (pre) (n=102)
100
polyacrylonitrile , 0.9m2 AN 69 membrane (Hospal- Gambro)
100-125 Mean prescribed ultrafiltration
dose (ml/kg/h) =25 + - 5
CVVHDF (pre) (n=104)
100
polyacrylonitrile, 0.9m2 AN 69 membrane (Hospal-Gambro)
100-125 Mean prescribed dialysis dose (ml/kg/h) =18 + - 5 ml/kg/h
Mean prescribed ultrafiltration dose (ml/kg/h) = 24 + - 6
Schefold 2014 Germany (n=252)
UFH, hirudine derivates or citrate/calcium
CVVH (post) (n=123)*
BM11/BM14;
Baxter Medical, Deerfield, IL,
USA, or
Multifiltrate, Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg,
188.7 NR IHD (n=129)* AK100/AK200;
Gambro, Lund, Sweden,
polysulfone synthetic membranes;
bicarbonate dialysate
222.9 NR
Germany;
polysulfone synthetic membrane;
bicarbonate- buffered substitution fluids Schwenger
2012 Germany (n=232)
Heparin CVVH (pre)
(n=117)*
high-flux polysulfone filters (Asahi KASEI APS- 650, Asahi Kasei Medical Co, Ltd., Japan)
100-120 30.9 ml/kg/h SLED-BD
(n=115)*
high-flux polysulfone filters (FX 50, Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany)
100-120 NR
Shin 2011 Korea (n=46)
Heparin CRRT
(n=21)
AN69; NR NR NR SLED (n=25) Fresenius 4008
ArRT plus machine
150-160 NR
Skofic 2012 Slovenia (n=290)
prescribed individually;
standard heparin (61.5%), regional citrate anticoagulation (33.7%), no anticoagulation
IHF (Intermittent high- volume predilution online Haemofiltra tion) (pre)
biocompatible synthetic highly permeable hollow-fibre membrane, with an area of 2.4 m2 (Polyflux 24S; Gambro)
316 NR IHD (intermittent
haemodialysis) (n=144)*
biocompatible synthetic highly permeable hollow- fibre membrane (Polyflux; Gambro or FX
271 NR
(heparin-free, 4.8%) (n=146)* or 2.2 m2 (FX 100; Fresenius Medical Care) Uehlinger
2005 Switzerland (n=125)
Heparin or no anticoagulant
CVVHDF (pre) (n=70)
acetonitrile membranes (AN69) high- flux; standard lactate-buffered fluid
159 NR IHD (n=55) Biocompatible
polysulfone membranes(Fresen ius, GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany) starting the first session with a small surface area filter (F50) and increasing the filter size (F60 or F80) on further sessions;
bicarbonate- buffered dialysate
231 NR
Vinsonneau 2006 France (n=360)
UFH or LMWH CVVDHF
(pre) (n=176)*
AN 69, 0.9 m², Hospal;
bicarbonate based solution
146 29 ml/kg/h IHD (n=184)* Nephral 500,
AN69, or AN 69 ST, 2 m², Hospal;
bicarbonate based dialysate
278 NR
Wald 2012 Multicentre
NR CVVH
(evenly split
polyacrylonitrile AN69
NR 33.6 ml/kg/h CVVHD (n=39)* polyacrylonitrile AN69 membrane
NR 34.7 ml/kg/h
(n=78) between pre- and post-filter) (n=39)*
membrane (Gambro, Richmond Hill, ON)
(Gambro,
Richmond Hill, ON)
