EXPLORATION and IDENTIFICATION of PROTECTED FAUNA in PROTECTED FORESTS and COMMUNITY FORESTS in MAGELANG DISTRICT, CENTRAL JAVA
Akmal Badiansyah’s Team Email: [email protected]
Abstract: Menoreh Hill is famous for its various fauna. Menoreh Hill is a protected forest and community protected by the government. With many types of fauna that we can find in Menoreh Hill, poaching is rife. As a result, many endemic fauna whose populations continue to decrease drastically. Therefore the purpose of this exploration is to analyze as many bird fauna as possible, one of which is the prenjak jawa from the hills to identify. The method we use in this exploration is to identify the time of discovery of fauna, slope slope, azimuth, path distance and coordinates. The conclusion of this exploration is to prove that Menoreh Hills have the potential to be developed as a protected forest and community forest.
Keywords: Menoreh Hills, Fauna, Exploration, Prenjak jawa
INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is an archipelagic country with more than 10,000 islands. Indonesia is known as a country that has a lot of fauna and flora. Data from Mongabay (2021) states that Indonesia ranks second in areas that have the most biodiversity in the world, and the number of bird species is four according to BirdLife International with around 1615 bird species. This proves that Indonesia has many different flora and fauna in its own territory. At this stage, we took the initiative to explore the hills of Menoreh, one of the hills with the greatest biodiversity in Central Java. We targeted to identify various species of birds around the hill, one of which we got was the Javan Prenjak (Prinia familiaris). Javan trampler (Prinia familiaris) is a type of warbler from the family Cisticolidae, This bird is Brown, Green-olive, its
characteristic wings with two white stripes, as well as a long tail with black and white tips. This bird also has a total length measured from the tip of the beak to the tip of the tail of about 13 cm pointed long beak, the upper side is blackish, the lower side is yellowish, the throat is white, the belly is pale yellow, and the tip of the tail feathers is black-and-white. These birds include birds endemic to Java, Sumatra and several small islands in the vicinity. Inhabits shrubby habitats such as the edges of farmfields and old plantations. Often seen in low vegetation, but foraging throughout the habitat layer. Sometimes form small groups outside the breeding season. The singing is a repeated chiming tone of "chewt-chwet-chwet" or "cheweet-cheweet- cheweet". Looking for prey in the form of various insects and caterpillars, Javan tramplers hunt from ground level to the canopy of trees. This bird makes its nests in the grass or bushes to a height of about 1.5 m above the ground. Small ball-shaped nests are woven from grass and plant fibers. Only in the North Sumatra region is not found the habitat of Javan trampling. Meanwhile, the habitat of Javan trampling is very common found on Java Island and Bali Island at an altitude of 1,500 meters.
Males are distinguished from females by their larger body size and active chirping, longer tail and darker wing color. It can also be distinguished by the color of its lower beak:
• The lower beak of pale white color is female
• The lower beak is white with a black tip is a young male bird
• The lower beak of complete black color is an adult male bird
• When young can be distinguished through fingernails
• Dull toenails are male birds
• Clean toenails are female birds MATERIALS and METHODS Place and Time of Research
This research was conducted in the Menoreh Hill area which includes Acquaintance Village on September 30 and Menoreh Village on October 14, 2023. The research method used to collect data is observation with observation accompanied by geographical coordinates, search and interview.
Data Collection Technique
The recorded observation data includes the types of birds seen or heard. And interviewing Mr. Agung which is an experienced bird photographer. We were told the steps, types of birds, and methods used while exploring Menoreh Hill.
Research Tools and Materials
The tools and materials used in this research can be seen in Table 1.
Table 1. Tools Used in Bird Observation Research.
Tabel 1.
Tools and Their Functions RESULTS and DISCUSSION
During the study on September 30 and October 14, 2023, our results were about 12 species that we found in Bukt Menoreh. Of the 12 species of birds, one of them is an insect predator bird
Birds included in this type of insect predatory bird are Prenjak jawa (Prinia familiaris), Prenjak jawa can be found in Java, Sumatra and several small islands around it. Because food sources are easily found in Indonesia, especially in forests.
Prenjak's main food is small insects of Hong Kong crickets and caterpillars, prenjak birds also love other insects, such as kroto.
The results of this research can be seen in Table 2.
No Tools Function
1. Digital camera As an image storage medium 2. Observation table As a place to record research data 3. Handphone As a finder for coordinates, cardinal
directions and slope of the valley 4. Binoculars As a tool for observing birds
5. Stationery As a tool for recording research data
No
. Birds Species Koordinat
Time (WIB)
X Y
1. Prenjak Jawa(Prinia familiaris) 110 . 11773 7:32
2. Sriganti madu(Cinnyris jugularis) 110 . 23806 07.45
3. Tekukur(Spilopelia chinensis) -7.64793 110 . 23806 07.53
4 Wiwik uncuing(Cacomantis sepulcralis) 110 . 11773 07.54
5 Cekakak jawa(Halcyon cyanoventris) 110 . 11773 07.54
6 Kutilang(Pycnonotus aurigaster) 110 . 23806 07.55
7 Delimukan zambrut(Chalcophaps indica) 110 . 23806 07.56
8 Cekakak sungai(Todiramphus chloris) 110 . 22623 08.25
9 Elang hitam(Cacomantis sepulcralis) 110 . 11677 08.39
10 Kedasih(Cuculus merulinus) 110 . 11664 08.56
11 Cipoh kacat(Aegithina tiphia) 110 . 22184 09.19
12 Elang bido(Spilornis cheela) 110 . 22184 09.21
Tabel 2. Bird Species Data
The results of this study showed that the diversity of bird species at the
observation site was relatively low. This is because all observation points experience a dry season. This means that there is very little food available for some types of birds. Where there are some birds whose diet consists of seeds, fruits and insects, which on average are often found during the rainy season. This is why the number of bird species can be seen and identified at all these observation points.
-7.5990
-7.64793
-7.59901 -7.59901 -7.64793 -7.64793 -7.64793 -7.64379 -7.60048 -7.60077 -7.64259 -7.64259
Prinia superciliaris Spilornis cheela Chalcophaps indica
Picture 1. Several types of birds identified (Source: Ebird)
The number of bird species that inhabit a place is greatly influenced by the climatic conditions that occur. Many of them migrate to find a suitable place for them to get enough food.
CONCLUSION
From the results of research we conducted in Menoreh Hill, Acquaintance Village and Menoreh Village, Borobudur District, Magelang Regency, Central Java, it can be concluded as follows:
1. The number of bird species from our research results is 12 species of birds, one of which is an insect predator bird
2. Observations of bird species diversity in Menoreh Hill this time are relatively low.
This is influenced by the current dry season in the area of observation points.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1) Rheet A. Butler (21 May 2016). "The top 10 most biodiverse countries". Mongabay.
Retrieved 12 October 2023.