Secretary of the Institution, revisited during the field season of 1913.. in Ihitisli C'oluml)ia and .\11)erta, and the region around the Field. 13.—Summit of Mount Resplendent, with the mist passing over the three members of the Alpine Club of Canada.
12 SMITHSONIAN' MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS \ OL. O3
GEOLOGIC HISTORY OF THE APPALACHL\N VALLEY TX
MARYLAND
During the Jurassic period, the area remained stationary for so long that the land surface of the Appalachian province was reduced to a rolling plain. Plmtooraph liy Armhruster. more successful than that of the previous year, reports the 1912 Smithsonian Research Report.
A FOSSIL HUNTING EXPEDITION IN MONTANA
In (,Hviduals of the animal reco\ered) were parts representing all parts of the skeleton, so that it will be possible to assemble a composite skeleton for exhibition. It thus adds greatly to our knowledge of the skeletal anatomy of this interesting group of extinct reptiles.
20 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 6'
LIFE ZONES TN THE ALPS
It was found that the heat of all the \al Su.yana,^s helon in the rpl'<-'i' Austral area. The elaboration of the detailed observations will be included with the general report on the biological recognition of the Western Alps.
DR. ABBOTT'S EXPEDITION IN DUTCH EAST BORNEO AND CASHMERE
Despite the hackwanhiess of the season, he was. aljle to trace the l)un(hiries of the Australian hfe areas in detail, as well as for ^other data relating to the ])rior connection of these areas to the Western Alps and corresi)on-. Figure 2^i, is a view of the gorge of Yal Frenzela, the narrow valley through which the descent was made from Sette Comuni, near.
24 SMTTIISOXIAX MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 63
Tliis comhtion is ])r()l)al)ly ])ro(here(l)y cold springs seeping through the floor of the height. 1he material l)een identified with great care, and the results of the ex ] iedition will])e i)ul) be published in the Proceedings of the L'.
28 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 63 tailed report of his findings is published in the annual report of the
The largest specimens found have only seven post-nuclear whorls, leaving two to three whorls yet to be developed, and these make up U]) fully half the length of the carapace. The response of the germplasm to the changed environment will await interpretation until the next generation arrives. Bartsch also kept a record of the birds seen on the various Keys visited between Miami, Florida and the Tortugas, and also published it in the Carnegie Year Book for 1913, pp.
BIRD STUDIES IN ILLINOIS
FISHES FROM THE REGION OF QUATERNARY LAKE LAHON'i'AN
34 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 63 the region now included in northern Nevada and eastern Cahfornia
63the region now included in northern Nevada and eastern California.. 8 SMITHSONIAN EXPLORATIONS, I913 35esque islands, two of which should be permanently reserved by the esque islands, two of which should be permanently reserved by the Government, because they harbor thousands of 1) birds durini;- the nest.
36 SMITHSONIAN MISCFXLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 63 These rivers and lakes are well supplied with fishes, exceedingly
A study of the tish fauna of the basin confirms the conclusions of geologists about its long isolation. Almost all the species are distinct from those of neii^hborinj^ systems, and some belong to gnuips of very limited distrilnition. An account of the fish, their habits and distribution will appear in a future bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries.
CACTUSES AND DESERT PLANTS FROM THE WEST INDFES
AND SOUTHWESTERN UNFFED STATES
no. 8 S.MITHSONIAN EXPLORATIONS, I913 ?>7 fly or small spoon, and occasionally contribute1) to the camper's breakfast. His collection consisted of more than 3,000 species, consisting of two sets, one of which was sent to the National Museum for exchange.
NO. SMITHSONIAN EXPLORATIONS, I913 39
40 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 63
Botanic Garden, while other sets were sent to the Bureau of Science in Manila and to the Royal Botanic Garden and Museum in Berlin for use by Dr. In addition to the herbarium material, 12 boxes and crates of living plants, mainly cacti, were sent by the doctor from the West Indies. Roses, and two boxes of live plants were sent to Lady Katharine A. Many packets of seeds, bulbs, cuttings, etc., were obtained for exchange purposes from the Museum or for study by the various workers in the U.
PLANTS FROM SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES
8 SMITHSONIAN EXPLORATIONS, I913 4I At the same time Doctor Rose's party visited St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. Kitts, Antigua and SantoDomingo.. there was a great need for duplicates for exchange purposes, general collection was made whenever possible. Of these, a set l)een mounted for the museum and has become part of the herbarium's research series. In this there are some new species, one in particular being a very remarkable Annona from the desert plain of Azua, Santo Domingo.
THE FLORA OF WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA
Mitchell is a monument marking the grave of the man whose name it bears, who lost his life while exploring its slopes. I9I3 45 Mitchell, gives none of the boreal plants which make the flora of the New England mountains so interesting. The lower mountains of North Carolina and some of the other high peaks are much higher. interesting otania like this one, the tallest of them all.
ANCIENT MICA MINES OF NORTH CAROLINA
An important site of ancient operations, now known as the Clarissa Mine, three miles east of Bakersville, Mitchell County, was also visited. This is probably the best preserved and most striking of the Aboriginal works in this general region, and serves to illustrate the importance of the mica industry in prehistoric times. The modern operators of the mine, who have worked the vein at the upper end to a depth of 300 feet, have filled in the old shafts left by the natives.
ANTHROPOLOGICAL EXPLORALION IN PERU
The outer edge is buried under the heavy carcasses of an ancient dump, which now supports a number of chestiuit trees, the trunks of which are four or five feet in diameter. Holmes extended his reconnaissance to South Carolina, where they examined an ancient mound of great dimensions, situated twelve miles below Columbia on the Congaree river. 48 SMITHSONIAN SCFXLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL of the ancient Peruvians of the mountains with those along the coast,.
48 SMITHSONIAN MISCFXLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL of the ancient Peruvians of the mountains with those of the coast,
8 SMITHSONIAN KXI'LORATIONS, I913 49 The results of the expedition will prove of unusual value to anthropology. While some of the links in the chain of evidence .. are still missing', it can now be said with certainty that the I'eruan coast from Chiclayo. in the north, to ^'auca, in tiie south — a distance of more than 600 miles — was predominantly peopled before the coming of the whites by one and the same physical ty])e of Indian. They seem to have been organized into numerous political groups, which developed smaller or larger cultural differences according to environment and other influences.
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NO. 8 SMITHSONIAN EXPLORATIONS, I913 51
The Senators appear to have been free from general bodily diseases before the coming of the whites: on the other hand, they suffered from many peculiar local diseases affecting the hip bone, head, and ear. The mountain dwellers had a well average developed body and skull and were even more disease free than the coastal people. The results of the expedition failed to strengthen the theories of any great opposition of man in IV^r, but rather tended to prove a hoax.
ARCHEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS IN WESTERN NEW MEXICO
Apart from the cemeteries or burial caves of the common coastal or mountain people, and their archaeological remains, there was no sign of human occupation of these regions. Xo signs indicated that any group had inhabited any of the sites for even as long as 20 centuries; nor do any of these peoples seem to have developed their culture, except in certain details, in these places.
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NO. 8 SMITHSONIAN EXPLORATIONS, I913 DO
56 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 63
I9I3 57 . has not been obtained, there is reason to believe that it was occupied by the ancestors of the Tanya or Calal)ash, a clan of the Acoma tribe, and . isi)()ssibly the one known to jiheni as Kowina. On the whole the work proves to be of great interest, and it is surprising to note that these early builders were unsuccessful: they seem to have been oblivious to the necessity of breaking the vertical joints in the courses of masonry, which caused many weak points in the otherwise excellent walls. Hodge discovered a burial site where skeletons, pottery and remains of mulch were found; three small basement loggias located on the sides.
ANTIQUITIES OF THE WEST INDIES
World and old to properly appreciate the position of the American Indian in the progress of human history and his relation to the dawn of human history. In order to continue his comparative studies of the Stone Age of Ancient America and the corresponding period in the Old World, Dr. Since then, schools, railroads, and the lumber industry have progressed rapidly, as must with the departure of the older generation before many.
62 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 63
The shotgun, which used to be used for shooting small game, is now almost a thing of the past, along with the turban and the moccasin. Pliotiigrapli liv Swantori. to attend several of the ceremonial dances or buske about which he had gathered much information in previous years. Mcintosh County, that of the Hilibi and Fish Pond Creeks near llanna, in Hughes County, and that of the Tukaba'tci near Yeager.
66 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 63 was secured from the older men regarding the bnsk ceremonial and
CEREMONIES AND RITUALS OF THE OSAGE
In certain sections of the ritual it is suggested that these implements were originally made from his wing and were used for medicine as well as for tattooing. in tattooing is made of charcoal mixed with kettle hlack and water.Hie charcoal is made from certain trees that serve assymholes of long life in war ceremonies.
A STUDY OF SIOUX MUSIC
Woodpecker tail quills are used for drawing ink and drawing lines. These herbs were identified by the Department of Agriculture in Washington and found to be in widespread use among white physicians. The method of cooking meat without a kettle was also shown, Mrs. Densmore witnessed the process and subsequently purchased the entire equipment shown in Figure 67.
STRANGK RIT]':S ()! TIIK TEWA INDIANS
34; In a distant past, Ava^'nyu, the great feathered serpent, whose home is in the depths of the Lake of the Departed, decided to make a journey over the higher planes so that he could look down and see the people of this world could observe. Since then, the abandoned village has been called Si'de ge, small bird place. Catholic priests retain more of their elaborate rituals, and native Catholic priests retain more of their elaborate rituals and native paraphernalia than those who have been under the control of the Church.
NO. SMITHSONIAN EXPLORATIONS, 1913 11
Photo by Ms. Stevenson. and so slec]). not to die, to wake up in the world with the gods.. in order for the priest of the land to come into closer communion with the gods, the flesh must die.. every year, at the winter and summer solstice, the rain priests of the people of Sun and Ice retire, . each with his associates, in the kivas for a retreat of four days and . nights, to i)rav for rain. ol) the service of strict fasts, taking only meal- bread and drinking])oi) corn water. Zooic worship is concerned with the healing of the sick, the beast gods acting as mediators between man and the anthropic gods. The most shocking ceremony connected with the zooic worship of the Tewa .. is the propitiation of the rattlesnake by human sacrifice to prevent further destruction by the venomous bites of the reptiles.
NOTES ON THE ALSEA AND KALAPUYAN INDIANS
In one village the topic is . reportedly the youngest female child; in the other village an adult woman is said to be sacrificed, with a woman without a husband or children selected where possible. At the appropriate time the body is laid on a floor in front of the table altar and painted on the floor, and the ceremony proceeds amid incantations and strange performances.
82 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 63 porlant new linguistic material, he obtained a nuniher of myths
84 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 63 rived from a common ancestor, but had diiTerentiated at an early
Different types of work were done; hours, the usual spectrobolometric determination of the solar constant of radiation. It has also provided a value for the sun's radiation constant, which is believed to be within one cent. The results achieved are no different from what I would expect in light of the value of.
