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FACTORS RELATED TO THE FATIGUE OF ONLINE MOTORCYCLE TAXI WORKERS IN CIPAYUNG DISTRICT, EAST JAKARTA IN 2021
Fitri Handayani
Master of Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta K.H. Ahmad Dahlan St., Cireundeu, Ciputat, South Jakarta 15419
E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT
Traffic accidents in Indonesia are still one of the most significant contributors to the death rate caused by accidents of online motorcycle taxi workers caused by fatigue. Although Indonesia is ranked third in the data, judging from the statistical percentage of the total population, Indonesia is ranked first with a mortality rate of 0.015 percent of the total population, below China with a ratio of 0.018 percent and India with 0.017. The general purpose of this study is to find out the factors related to the willingness of online motorcycle taxi workers in Cipayung District, East Jakarta, in 2021. The method used to measure fatigue in online motorcycle taxi workers uses a Quantitative design with a cross-sectional way. Fatigue is a state that is accompanied by a decrease in performance and endurance in working with the primary sources of visible fatigue, physical fatigue, emotional fatigue, fatigue due to the environment itself, as well as fatigue and an environment that does not heal as a fact. There is no relationship between sex and age with fatigue (P > 0.05). There is a relationship between the length of work and quality of sleep with fatigue (P <0.05). From the data, it is stated that two variables say that there is a relationship between long work, Julieta sleeps with the willingness of online motorcycle taxi workers in Cipayung District, East Jakarta, in 2021.
Keywords: Fatigue, Workers, Ojek Online
ABSTRAK
Kecelakaan lalu lintas di Indonesia masih menjadi salah satu penyumbang angka kematian paling signifikan yang disebabkan oleh kecelakaan pekerja ojek online yang disebabkan oleh kelelahan.
Meskipun Indonesia berada di peringkat ketiga dalam data, dilihat dari persentase statistik dari total populasi, Indonesia berada di peringkat pertama dengan tingkat kematian 0,015 persen dari total populasi, di bawah China dengan rasio 0,018 persen dan India dengan 0,017. Tujuan umum dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang terkait dengan kesediaan pekerja ojek online di Kabupaten Cipayung, Jakarta Timur, pada tahun 2021. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengukur kelelahan pada pekerja ojek online menggunakan desain Kuantitatif dengan cara penampang.
Kelelahan adalah keadaan yang disertai dengan penurunan kinerja dan daya tahan dalam bekerja dengan sumber utama kelelahan yang terlihat, kelelahan fisik, kelelahan emosional, kelelahan karena lingkungan itu sendiri, serta kelelahan dan lingkungan yang tidak sembuh sebagai fakta. Tidak ada hubungan antara jenis kelamin dan usia dengan kelelahan (P > 0,05). Ada hubungan antara lama kerja dan kualitas tidur dengan kelelahan (P <0,05). Dari data tersebut disebutkan bahwa ada dua variabel yang mengatakan bahwa ada hubungan antara pekerjaan yang panjang, Julieta tidur dengan kesediaan pekerja ojek online di Kabupaten Cipayung, Jakarta Timur, pada tahun 2021.
Kata Kunci: Kelelahan, Pekerja, Ojek Online
INTRODUCTION
In general, transportation is divided into three types, namely land transportation, sea transportation, and air transportation. Indonesia is one of the countries that has transformed in terms of vehicles since 2011. The transformation that occurred in Indonesian transit was caused by the development of increasingly sophisticated and modern technology, which then added to the world of transportation. This can be seen by the emergence of online-based transportation models in major cities
304 in Indonesia.
Motorists who experience accidents due to fatigue are, on average, caused by working overtime; accidents that occur in tired motorists usually happen in the early hours of the morning (1 to 6 am). Likewise, online motorcycle taxi drivers, considering that the services offered operate for 24 hours, make some online motorcycle taxi drivers work overtime until the early morning hours without thinking about the time to rest. Data from WHO currently, transportation accidents in the world have reached 1.5 million deaths and 35 million injuries/disabilities due to traffic accidents per year (2,739 people and injured 63,013 people per day). According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), on average, per year, there are 99,000 cases of work accidents, and 70% of them are fatal, namely death and disability for life. On average, per year, the total loss reaches Rp.280 trillion. As many as 85% of the victims die from accidents worldwide, and Indonesia is included in it. According to the ILO (2004), every year, as many as two million workers die due to work accidents caused by fatigue factors. The study stated that of the 58115 samples, 32.8% of them, or about 18828 models suffered from fatigue.
This is also said in Setyawati's research (2007), which states that one of the main contributing factors to work accidents caused by humans is stress and fatigue (fatigue). Work fatigue contributes 50% to the occurrence of work accidents.
Preliminary studies were conducted on online motorcycle taxi drivers about fatigue.
Researchers distributed questionnaires to online motorcycle taxi workers. The result obtained from the survey was that most drivers experienced as much as 80% fatigue. Based on the results of the study, it is necessary to know the factors that are related to fatigue in online motorcycle taxi workers. This study aims to find out the aspects associated with the fatigue of online motorcycle taxi workers in Cipayung District, East Jakarta, in 2021.
METHOD
This study is a study that uses a quantitative design with a cross-sectional method, namely, measurements of independent variables and dependent variables are carried out at the same time and carried out simultaneously at one time or occasionally. The population of this study was all online motorcycle taxi workers in the Cipayung sub-district, East Jakarta, who filled out a questionnaire through a google form of 115 people. The size of the sample that was the object of the study was the entire total population of 115 people. The instruments used for primary data collection are in the form of questionnaires or lists of questions that describe the characteristics or background of respondents regarding the variables studied and data analysis using SPSS.
In this study, the sampling technique used was Non-Probability Sampling. Non Probability Sampling is a sampling technique in which members of a population do not have the same chance of becoming members of the sample.
305 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The distribution of gender-based respondents was found that the number of male gender respondents was 85 respondents (73.9%), and the number of female gender respondents was 30 respondents (26.1%).
Table 1. Frequency Distribution of Respondents By Gender
No. Gender Frequency Percentage
1. Man 85 73.9%
2. Woman 30 26.1%
Total 115 100%
Age-based respondent distribution found that the number of respondents aged 17-25 years was 46 respondents (40%), and the number of respondents aged > 25 years was 69 respondents (60%).
Table 2. Frequency Distribution of Respondents By Age
No. Age Frequency Percentage
1. 17-25 Years 46 40%
2. > 25 Years 69 60%
Total 115 100%
The distribution of respondents based on sleep quality was found that the number of respondents who had good sleep quality was 33 (28.7%), and those who had poor sleep quality were 82 (71.3%).
Table 3. Distribution of Respondents By Sleep Quality
No. Sleep Quality Frequency Percentage
1. Good 33 28.7%
2. Not Good Enough 82 71.3%
Total 115 100%
According to respondents based on length of work, there were 80 (69.6%) who had 8-hour working hours and those who had >8-hour working hours (69.6%).
Table 4. Distribution of Respondents By Length of Work
No. Length of Work Frequency Percentage
1. Eight jam 35 30.4%
2. > 8 jam 80 69.6%
Total 115 100%
From table 5 of the distribution of respondents based on work fatigue, 44 respondents had mild fatigue (38.3%), and among those who had moderate work fatigue, as many as 71 (61.7%).
Table 5. Distribution of Respondents Based on Work Burnout
No. Work Fatigue Frequency Percentage
1. Light 44 38.3%
2. Keep 71 61.7%
Total 115 100%
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Based on table 6, it can be seen that work fatigue is more done by men by 85 respondents.
Compared to women, as many as 30 responded. However, from the results of the Analysis of the Chi- Square statistical test, a p-value of 0.669 (p > 0.05) was obtained. So it can be concluded that there is no meaningful relationship between gender and work fatigue among online motorcycle taxi workers in Cipayung sub-district, East Jakarta, in 2021.
Table 6. The result of The Relationship Between Sex And Work Burnout
Gender
Work fatigue
Total
OR 95% CI P-value
Light Keep
F % F % F %
Man 34 40.00 51 60.00 85 100.00 1.333(0.556-3.196) 0.669 Woman 10 33.30 20 66.70 30 100.00
Total 44 38.30 71 61.70 115 100.00
Based on table 7, it can be seen that work fatigue is more experienced by 26-45 years old as many as 69 respondents. Compared to the age of 17-25 years, as many as 46 respondents. However, from the Chi-Square statistical test analysis, a p-value of 1,000 (p > 0.05) was obtained. So it can be concluded that there is no meaningful relationship between age and work fatigue among online motorcycle taxi workers in Cipayung district, East Jakarta, in 2021.
Table 7. Results of the Relationship Between Age and Work Fatigue
Age
Work fatigue
Total
OR 95% CI P-value
Light Keep
F % F % F %
17-25 Years 18 39.1% 28 60% 46 100% 1.063(0.494-2.288) 1.000 26-45 Years 26 37.7% 43 66.70% 69 100%
Total 44 38.3% 71 61.70% 115 100
Based on table 8, it can be seen that work fatigue is more experienced by online motorcycle taxis, which work for >8 hours, with as many as 80 respondents. Compared to online motorcycle taxis that worked 8 pse, there were 35 respondents. However, from the Chi-Square statistical test analysis, a p-value of 0.037 (p < 0.05) was obtained. So it can be concluded that there is a meaningful relationship between the length of work and work fatigue in online motorcycle taxi workers in cipayung district, East Jakarta, in 2021. The OR calculation yields a value of 2,529.
Table 8. Results of the Relationship Between Length of Work and Work Fatigue
Length of Work Work fatigue Total OR 95% CI P-value
Light Keep
F % F % F %
8 jam 15 42.9% 20 57.1% 35 100% 2.529(1.137-5.625) 0.037
>8 jam 29 36.3% 51 63.8% 80 100%
Total 44 38.3% 71 61.7% 115 100
It can be seen in the results of a study that has been carried out From 115 respondents based male sex have a higher level of work fatigue than female respondents who have a fatigue level of 30
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respondents who had mild work fatigue as much as (33.30%), and who have a moderate level of work fatigue as much as (66.70%). There is no relationship between gender and work. Of the 115 respondents based on the age of 17-25 years had a work fatigue rate of 35 respondents, of which 39% had a favorable work fatigue rate and those with a moderate work fatigue rate of 60%, while for >25 years old had a work fatigue rate of 96 respondents, of which those with mild work fatigue were 26 (37.7%) and those with a sedag fatigue level of 43 (66.70%). The absence of a relationship between age and work fatigue.
Of the 115 respondents, based on the length of work for 8 hours, 35 respondents had work fatigue. Of the 115 respondents based on good sleep quality, 33 respondents had a level of fatigue.
Those who experienced moderate work fatigue totaled 17 (51.5%), and those who had moderate work fatigue totaled 16 (48.5%), while for poor sleep quality, work fatigue totaled 82 respondents. Where those with mild work fatigue totaled 27 (32.9%), and those who had work fatigue were 55. There is a relationship between sleep quality and work fatigue. Even from the study results, it is stated that of the 80% of human error, 50% is caused by work fatigue (Tarwaka, 2004). Fatigue can noticeably affect the health of the workforce.
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
Work fatigue is characterized by a weakening of labor in carrying out work or activities, thereby increasing errors in doing work, and the fatal result is the occurrence of work accidents. Based on the results of research that has been carried out, it can be seen that work fatigue is more experienced by online motorcycle taxis, which work for more than 8 hours, the length of work with work fatigue, and poor sleep quality. Meanwhile, online motorcycle taxi workers who work within regular working hours under 8 hours have a low risk of work fatigue.
For Online Ojek Companies, it is necessary to provide information or education to online motorcycle taxi workers about the risk of fatigue and the factors that result in fatigue. For other researchers, it is hoped that they can further develop research related to work fatigue in online motorcycle taxis.
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