Supplemental Table 1: Gender differences in fibromuscular dysplasia
Gender differences in patients with FMD. For MRBF, RSR, and GFRproxy data of the affected kidney were selected in case of unilateral FMD (9 males and 24 females). In case of bilateral FMD the right kidney was selected. Values expressed as medians and interquartile range or mean ± S.D.. RSR indicates renin secretion rate; FMD, fibromuscular dysplasia; EH, patients with essential hypertension; GFRproxy, a proxy for glomerular filtration rate per individual kidney. * p<0.05 vs.
females.
Parameter Male Female
n 14 44
Bilateral FMD (n) 5 20
Age (years) 58.5 ± 8.7* 51.9 ± 10.8
Body mass index (kg/m2) 29.7 ± 4.8* 25.9 ± 4.3
24h urinary sodium excretion (mmol/24h) 93 ± 60 95 ± 58
24h systolic blood pressure (mmHg) 155 ±35 158 ± 22
24h diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) 96 ± 21 91 ± 15
MRBF (mL/100g kidney/min) 238 ± 77 210 ± 82
Arterial renin level (mU/L) 34.7 (14.0-67.8)* 17.9 (14.2-27.6)
RSR (mU/100g kidney/min) 0.70 (0.27-3.07)* 0.33 (0.00-0.76)
GFRproxy (mL/100g kidney/min) 50.5 ± 17.2 34.0 ± 30.9
Supplemental Table 2: Differences between responders and non-responders
Differences in MRBF, renin secretion, and GFRproxy between FMD patients with and without blood pressure response to balloon angioplasty. Response was defined as a reduction in diastolic blood pressure ≥ 15 mmHg, a systolic blood pressure ≤ 140 mmHg, and/or a diastolic blood pressure ≤ 90 mmHg one year after balloon angioplasty. Follow-up data were not available for four patients (due to follow-up in another hospital) and in two patients no balloon angioplasty was performed. For MRBF, RSR, and GFRproxy data of the affected kidney were selected in case of unilateral FMD. In case of bilateral FMD the right kidney was selected. Values expressed as medians and interquartile range or mean ± S.D.. RSR indicates renin secretion rate; FMD, fibromuscular dysplasia; GFRproxy, a proxy for glomerular filtration rate per individual kidney; DDD, daily defined dose according to WHO Defined Daily Dose classification [19]. *p<0.05 vs. non-responders.
Parameter Responders Non-responders
n 25 27
Change in systolic blood pressure (mmHg) -23 ± 19* -6 ± 29
Change in diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) -13 ± 7* -2 ± 14
Change in number of antihypertensive drugs (DDD) -1.2 ± 1.2* 0.0 ± 2.2
Gender (male/female) 4/21 6/21
Age (years) 50.6 ± 9.3 55.7 ± 10.9
Body mass index (kg/m2) 25.5 ±3.6 27.8 ± 4.8
MRBF (mL/100g kidney/min) 212 ± 93 232 ± 76
Arterial renin level (mU/L) 18.9 (14.7 – 36.1) 20.6 (11.5 – 32.3)
RSR (mU/100g kidney/min) 0.35 (0.03-0.72) 0.33 (0.00-1.20)
GFRproxy (mL/100g kidney/min) 44.1 ± 24.4 34.5 ± 31.6
Supplemental Table 3: Differences between FMD patients with high and low renin levels
Differences between FMD patients with high and low renin levels. High renin level was defined as arterial renin level > 19.9 mU/L (corresponding to the upper quartile of renin levels found in patients with EH in the present study). For MRBF, RSR, and GFRproxy data of the affected kidney were selected in case of unilateral FMD (9 males and 24 females). In case of bilateral FMD the right kidney was selected. Values expressed as medians and interquartile range or mean ± S.D.. RSR indicates renin secretion rate; FMD, fibromuscular dysplasia; EH, patients with essential hypertension; GFRproxy, a proxy for glomerular filtration rate per individual kidney. * p<0.05 vs. low renin level.
Parameter High renin level Low renin level
n 27 31
Gender (male/female) 10/17 4/27
Arterial renin level (mU/L) 35.2 (25.6-55.3)* 12.2 (8.9-16.6)
RSR (mU/100g kidney/min) 0.77 (0.33-2.98)* 0.13 (0.00-0.41)
Age (years) 50.5 ± 8.7* 56.1 ± 11.6
Body mass index (kg/m2) 27.6 ± 4.8 26.1 ± 4.5
MRBF (mL/100g kidney/min) 232 ± 87 217 ± 75
Responders to balloon angioplasty (n) 10 15
GFRproxy (mL/100g kidney/min) 38.7 ± 28.2 39.2 ± 29.3
Supplemental Table 4: Baseline characteristics of patients participating in infusion studies.
Baseline characteristic FMD EH
n 33 66
Gender (male/female) 4/29 19/47
Age (years) 52.5 ± 8.5 52.3 ± 4.0
Body mass index (kg/m2) 26.4 ± 4.7 26.8 ± 4.0
24h ambulatory systolic blood pressure (mmHg) 157 ± 24 162 ± 25
24h ambulatory diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) 93 ± 16 98 ± 15
eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) 85 ± 16 78 ± 23
Urinary sodium excretion (mmol/24h) 99 ± 61 104 ± 61
Arterial renin level (mU/L) 18.1 (12.3-28.9) 15.6 (9.0-28.8)
Baseline MRBF right (mL/100g kidney/min) 237 ± 79 231 ± 84
RSR right (mU/100g kidney/min) 0.31 (0.02-0.65) 0.30 (0.01-0.71)
Baseline characteristics of the patients included in the infusion studies. Values expressed as mean ± S.D. or median (interquartile range). eGFR indicates estimated glomerular filtration rate using CKD- EPI formula [17]; FMD, fibromuscular dysplasia. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups.