Growth of TiO

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Advanced Science Letters Vol. 23, 6582–6584, 2017

Growth of TiO

₂

Thin Films by High Energy Milling Assisted Pulsed Laser Deposition Method

Agus Subagio^1∗, Wahyu Setia Budi¹, Iis Nurhasanah¹, Sudarji², and Indras Marhendrajaya¹

1Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

2Alumnus of Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

TiO₂thin film can be deposited on the silicon substrate using pulse laser deposition method. To prove homo- geneity of grain size on surface, this study uses milling treatment for TiO₂powder before it is deposited. Milling treatment was conducted on samples of commercial TiO₂powder with high energy milling method. The variation of milling time was 0, 1, 3 and 6 hours. Furthermore, the samples were shaped as disc with diameter of 1 cm and used as a target source in growth of thin film. Variations in time for the milling treatment of the TiO₂powder has no effect on the phase change, but rather on the homogeneity of grain size on a thin layer of TiO₂. In this study, the optimum milling time to produce a homogeneous grain size of a thin layer of TiO₂for 3 hours.

Keywords: TiO₂, HEM-PLD, Milling Treatment, Thin Film.

1. INTRODUCTION

The development of science and technology of thin layers, espe- cially for electronic device applications was increasingly with a variety of methods. On the industrial scale, the method of chem- ical vapor deposition (CVD) has been established is used for thin film deposition. However, deposition of thin film with CVD methods required expensive support systems by utilizing precur- sors that are toxic and flammable. Some methods are more secure and cost, among others, pulsed laser deposition (PLD), sputter- ing and sol–gel. Especially for PLD and sputtering system can produce a thin layer with good quality. As for the sol–gel method usually produces relatively less homogeneous layer if deposited by spin coating system.

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂is one of the electronic materials that have been widely used for various applications. There are three types of the crystal structure of TiO₂, the rutile, anatase and brookite.¹ Brookite structure is thermodynamically highly unsta- ble when compared with the structure of rutile and anatase.¹² Rutile structure has better stability because it contains atoms which are solid.³ TiO₂ thin film deposition using PLD method is relatively easier than the CVD method. Utilization of the high power laser pulses have been used to deposit a thin layer of TiO₂ on silicon substrate.⁴ There are some drawbacks about PLD nat- urally. One of the major problems is the splashing or the depo- sition of particulates on the film. Two main causes for particle formation during laser evaporation are the breakaway of sur- face defects under thermal shock and splashing of liquid material

∗Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

due to superheating of subsurface layers. Some methods have been developed to reduce splashing. One is using a mechanical particle filter that consists of a velocity selector that acts as a high-velocity pass filter to remove slow moving particulates. The second is using targets of high density and smooth surface. The third is using relatively low energy density or low deposition rate.

Using high density and smooth surface of target can be pre- pared with milling treatment of target powder. Milling treatment prior to deposition of the target sample is usually required to obtain homogeneity in the particle size of the powder targets.

This paper reported the results of thin layer deposition using PLD method with previously performed milling treatment of the TiO₂ target material.

2. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS

Materials used in this study was a commercial TiO₂powder from Merck (M=7990 g/mol) and a silicon substrate (111). Equip- ment used for milling is high energy milling-3D motion ellipse (HEM-E3D) with a rotation speed of 1000 rpm, the motor power of 1 kW and a size of 100 ml vial. This system has a three- dimensional motion and rotation in the vial so that the formation of nano particles homogeneously can more quickly and effec- tively. PLD equipment used by utilizing high-power laser pulses on the order of nanoseconds narrow pulse type Nd-YAG (Lab series,=532 nm, 20 mJ, 6 ns).

Preparation of the TiO₂ targets was done by preparing each 5 grams TiO₂powder milling process was then performed with a 6582 Adv. Sci. Lett. Vol. 23, No. 7, 2017 1936-6612/2017/23/6582/003 doi:10.1166/asl.2017.9688

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variety of milling time 0, 1, 3 and 6 hours. Furthermore, the TiO₂ powder was molded into cylindrical pellets or tablet measuring 1 cm and a thickness of 0.5 cm by applying pressure using a pressing apparatus. Results of TiO₂ pellets with a variation of milling time were then used as the source or target material was deposited on silicon substrate using a PLD method. TiO₂ pellets as the target and the silicon substrate were placed in the sample chamber. The silicon substrate was set to form angle of 45to the direction of the laser beam. The pressure in the vacuum chamber about 5 Torr was measured using digital Piranimeter (Diavac PT- 1DA). Samples and quartz lens can be driven in two directions relative to the direction of the laser radiation by using step motors and with a micrometer in the direction perpendicular to the laser radiation. In order to obtain a high power density on the target surface, the laser radiation pulse was focused with quartz lens (f =15 cm) through the quartz window to the target surface of TiO₂. The laser was operated with a repetition frequency of 10 Hz.

Results of thin layer deposition of TiO₂ with a variety of milling time were further characterized using XRD (X-ray diffraction) to determine the crystal structure and using SEM (scanning electron microscope) to determine of the surface morphology.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Figure 1 shows the X-ray diffraction pattern of TiO₂ powder used to make target. Based on the resulting diffraction pat- tern of the powder has a commercial TiO₂ rutile and anatase phases.

Figure 2 shows the pattern of X-ray diffraction of a thin layer of TiO₂ was deposited on silicon substrate (111) with the untreated milling (Fig. 2(a)) and treatment with milling for 1 hour (Fig. 2(b)), 3 hours (Fig. 2(c)) and 6 hours (Fig. 2(d)). It is seen that all the thin layer of TiO₂ produced has the same phase con- sisting of rutile phase (R) and anatase (A). In the milling process is carried out both for 1, 3 or 6 hours does not lead to a new phase and is the same as that of the untreated milling. However, the highest intensity is generated in all the peaks in the samples with the treatment process of milling for 3 hours (Fig. 2(c)). It is shown from anatase peak FWHM value of the 400 orienta- tion (A400) in the samples #c are relatively small compared to other samples as shown in Table I, so that the quality of the crystallinity relatively better.

Fig. 1. Pattern of X-ray diffraction of commercial TiO₂powder.

Fig. 2. The pattern of X-ray diffraction of a thin layer of TiO₂was deposited on silicon substrate (111) with milling treatment of the TiO2powder for (a) 0, (b) 1, (c) 3 and (d) 6 hours.

Figure 3 shows the SEM image of a cross section of a thin layer of TiO₂ with a variety of milling treatment for 0, 1, 3 and 6 hours. The thickness of all layers of thin TiO₂ produced rel- atively the same, however the sample with milling treatment of 3 hours (Fig. 3(c)) relatively more regularly without the appear- ance of bumpy grains.

This is also shown in Figure 4 which shows SEM images of the surface of a thin layer of TiO₂ with a variety of milling treatment for 0, 1, 3 and 6 hours. The size of the grain produced in the sample by milling treatment for 3 hours relatively uniform or homogeneous.

In the treatment without milling (Fig. 4(a)) and the milling treatment for 1 hour (Fig. 4(b)) still indicates a droplet that causes irregularities in the granules. Meanwhile, milling treatment for 6 hours (Fig. 4(d)) produces porosity in thin layers. Milling treat- ment on TiO₂ material before it is made of pellets as the target aims to make more homogeneous material with a smaller particle size resulting compactness when made in the form of cylindri- cal pellets or tablets. The condition of the target density will affect the resulting film thickness. Increasing of the density and homogeneity of pellet sample will increase the rate of deposi- tion by the number of ions, atoms or radicals generated by laser ablation. It will be able to improve the efficiency of the result- ing thin layer deposition.⁵⁷ However, on the other hand if the deposition rate is too high will lead to increased growth rate of grain, resulting in intense competition nucleation process. This is resulting in overlap between grains and irregularities occur on the surface nucleation. Overlap of these granules occurs in the treated sample milling for 6 hours (Fig. 4(d)).

Thin film growth process itself is an amalgamation of a ran- dom collection of single particles, such as atoms, molecules or clusters to form a set of granular solids above a substrate sur- face which eventually form a thin film. This process involves

Table I. Value of FWHM on TiO2peak of the (400) orientation.

FWHM (degree)

Peak Sample #a Sample #b Sample #c Sample #d

A400 0,3 0,4 0,2 0,3

6583

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a b c d

Fig. 3. SEM image of a cross section of the TiO2thin film grown on Si substrate (111) using PLD method with milling treatment of the TiO2powder for (a) 0, (b) 1, (c) 3 and (d) 6 hours.

a b c d

Fig. 4. SEM images of the surface of a thin layer of TiO₂with a variety of milling treatment for 0, 1, 3 and 6 hours.

the transfer mechanism particles to the surface of the substrate which then undergo a process of lateral transport that will form a monomer which will be nucleated with characterized by adsorp- tion, diffusion surface, re-evaporation and nucleation.⁷ After nucleation occurs on the surface of the substrate, the next process is crystal growing, cultivation of grain, the coalition between the grains and the growth of film thickness. In samples with milling treatment for 3 hours allowed the coalition between the grains than other samples.

4. CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, this study shows that a thin layer of TiO₂ pro- duced relatively homogeneous for a given sample milling treat- ment during the manufacture of TiO₂target as target material for 3 hours.

Acknowledgments: This study was supported by Ministry of Research and Higher Education, the grant from Hibah Ber- saing 2016 and PT. Maju Makmur Mandiri Reseach Center Foun- dation has supported the laser system.

References and Notes

1. S. D. Mo and W. Y. Ching,Phys. Rev. B51, p13023(1995).

2. C. K. Jung, B. C. Kang, H. Y. Chae, Y. S. Kim, M. K. Seo, S. K. Kim, S. B.

Lee, J. H. Boo, Y. J. Moon, and J. Y. Lee,Journal of Crystal Growth235, p450 (2002).

3. A. Fahmi, C. Minot, B. Silvi, and M. Causa,Phys. Rev. B47, 11 717(1993).

4. W. Setiabudi and A. Subagio,Proc. of Seminar of Physics, Semarang State University(2010).

5. M. Zhu, J. Zhu, J. M. Liu, and Z. G. Liu,Appl. Phys. A80, 135(2005).

6. N. Sato, M. Matsuda, M. Yoshinaga, T. Nakamura, S. Sato, and A. Muramatsu, Top Catal.52, 1592(2009).

7. C. E. Sittner and A. Bergauer,Mat. Res. Soc. Proc. of Spring Meeting1 (2001).

Received: 5 September 2016. Accepted: 13 December 2016.

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Growth of TiO thin films by high energy milling assisted pulsed laser deposition method ^(Article)

, , , ,

Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Alumnus of Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Abstract

TiO thin film can be deposited on the silicon substrate using pulse laser deposition method. To prove homogeneity of grain size on surface, this study uses milling treatment for TiO powder before it is deposited. Milling treatment was conducted on samples of commercial TiO powder with high energy milling method. The variation of milling time was 0, 1, 3 and 6 hours. Furthermore, the samples were shaped as disc with diameter of 1 cm and used as a target source in growth of thin film. Variations in time for the milling treatment of the TiO powder has no effect on the phase change, but rather on the homogeneity of grain size on a thin layer of TiO . In this study, the optimum milling time to produce a homogeneous grain size of a thin layer of TiO for 3 hours. © 2017 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.

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HEM-PLD Milling treatment Thin film TiO

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Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research

Funding text

Acknowledgments: This study was supported by Ministry of Research and Higher Education, the grant from Hibah Ber-saing 2016 and PT. Maju Makmur Mandiri Reseach Center Foundation has supported the laser system.

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20 of 30 Mo, S.-D., Ching, W.Y.

(1995) Physical Review B, 51 (19), pp. 13023-13032.  . doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.51.13023

Jung, C.-K., Kang, B.-C., Chae, H.-Y., Kim, Y.-S., Seo, M.-K., Kim, S.-K., Lee, S.-B., (...), Lee, J.-Y.

(2002) Journal of Crystal Growth, 235 (1-4), pp. 450-456.  . doi: 10.1016/S0022-0248(01)01939-X

Fahmi, A., Minot, C., Silvi, B., Causá, M.

(1993) Physical Review B, 47 (18), pp. 11717-11724.  . doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.47.11717

Setiabudi, W., Subagio, A.

(2010) Proc. of Seminar of Physics Semarang State University

 

Zhu, M., Zhu, J., Liu, J.M., Liu, Z.O.

(2005) Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing, 80 (1), pp. 135-139.  . doi: 10.1007/s00339-003-2107-7

Sato, N., Matsuda, M., Yoshinaga, M., Nakamura, T., Sato, S., Muramatsu, A.

(2009) Topics in Catalysis, 52 (11), pp. 1592-1597.  . doi: 10.1007/s11244-009-9286-1

Sittner, C.E., Bergauer, A.

(2001) Mat. Res. Soc. Proc. of Spring Meeting, p. 1.

 

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ADVANCED SCIENCE LETTERS is a multidisciplinary peer-reviewed journal with a very wide-ranging coverage, consolidates fundamental and applied research activities by publishing proceedings from international scientific, technical and medical conferences in all areas of (1) Physical Sciences, (2) Engineering, (3) Biological Sciences/Health Sciences, (4) Medicine, (5) Computer and Information Sciences, (6) Mathematical Sciences, (7) Agriculture Science and Engineering, (8) Geosciences, and (9) Energy/Fuels/Environmental/Green Science and Engineering, and (10) Education, Social Sciences and Public Policies. This journal publishes both general research articles by individual authors as well as conference proceedings.

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Volume 25, Number 1 (January 2019) pp.1-224

A SPECIAL ISSUE

Selected Peer-Reviewed Articles from the 5th International Conference on Advances Technology in Telecommunication, Broadcasting, and Satellite 2017 (5th TelSaTech 2017), Jakarta, Indonesia, 21–22 October, 2017

Guest Editor:Ford Lumban Gaol Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 1–4 (2019)

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RESEARCH ARTICLES

Analysis of Social Epidemic Phenomena on Social Media Using Social Physics Approach Akira Ishii, Kana Fukui, Taigen Oda, Ayaka Miki, Shuta Fujiwara, and Yasuko Kawahata Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 5–9 (2019)

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Applying Fuzzy Logic Rules to Predict Computer Attacks on Honeynets

Oscar Vicente Arias, Ángel Julián González, Paulo Gaona-García, Carlos Montenegro-Marin, and Joaquín Sánchez Cifuentes

Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 10–14 (2019)

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A Fuzzy Logic Model Based on Web of Trust to Access Linked Open Data Resources

Paulo Alonso Gaona-García, Jhon Francined Herrera-Cubides, Kevin Riaño, Jorge Iván Alonso, and Adriana Gómez-Acosta Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 15–20 (2019)

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Evaluation of a Medical Alert Communication Infrastructure Based on Fuzzy Logic and IoT Devices Paulo Gaona-García, Daniel Mendoza, Fredy Vargas, and Carlos Montenegro-Marin

Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 21–24 (2019)

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The Causal Relationship Between the Human Evaluation Model (HEM) and Self-Regulation Man-Ki Moon

Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 25–32 (2019)

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An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle System for Detecting and Tracking Moving Objects Seung-Yeop Lee, So-Yeon Kim, Ji-Hwan Lee, Tae-Kyou Park, and Jin-Tae Kim Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 33–37 (2019)

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Objective Setting in Education and Training Process Management with Using the Situational Simulator (for Professional Training in the Sphere of Procurement Management)

Mamedova Natalia and Scherbakova Ksenia Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 38–41 (2019)

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Proposal of an Offline Data-Processing Network Model for Flood Analysis Jaime Alberto Parra Plazas and Paulo Alonso Gaona-Garcia

Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 42–46 (2019)

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Rubric Validation for the Review of Didactic Planning in Initial Teaching Training Maribel Brito-Lara, José López-Loya, and Sergio Tobón

Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 47–49 (2019)

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The Administrative Process in the Implementation of the Medicine Curriculum in the Knowledge Society Sergio Tobon, Haydeé Parra-Acosta, José López-Loya, Luis Gibran Juárez-Hernandez, and Bibiana Tobon Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 50–53 (2019)

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Complex Thought and Quality Accreditation of Curriculum in Online Higher Education Jorge Eduardo Martínez, Sergio Tobón, and Evangelina López

Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 54–56 (2019)

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Content Validity of a Scale to Assess the Curriculum in the Certification of University Study Programs Sergio Tobon, Luis Gibran Juárez-Hernandez, Bibiana Tobon, Julio H. Pimienta-Prieto, Clara Guzmán, and Haydeé Parra-Acosta

Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 57–61 (2019)

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d-Level (n, n) Quantum Secret Sharing Protocol Nayereh Majd and Abdolmajid Nazari

Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 62–65 (2019)

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Encyclopedia of Nanosci and Nanotechnolgy

25-Volumes Set

Volume 19, Number 11 (November 2013) Volume 19, Number 10 (October 2013) Volume 19, Number 9 (September 2013) Volume 19, Number 8 (August 2013) Volume 19, Number 7 (July 2013) Volume 19, Number 6 (June 2013) Volume 19, Number 5 (May 2013) Volume 19, Number 4 (April 2013) Volume 19, Number 3 (March 2013) Volume 19, Number 2 (February 2013) Volume 19, Number 1 (January 2013)

2012

Volume 18 (Nov/Dec 2012) Volume 17 (October 2012) Volume 16 (September 2012) Volume 15 (August 2012) Volume 14 (July 2012) Volume 13 (30 June 2012) Volume 12 (15 June 2012) Volume 11 (30 May 2012) Volume 10 (15 May 2012) Volume 9 (30 April 2012) Volume 8 (15 April 2012) Volume 7 (30 March 2012) Volume 6 (15 March 2012) Volume 5, Number 2 (February 2012) Volume 5, Number 1 (January 2012)

2011, Volume 4

Volume 4, Number 11/12 (Nov/ Dec 2011) Volume 4, Number 8/9/10 (Aug /Sep/Oct 2011)

Volume 4, Number 6/7 (June / July 2011) Volume 4, Number 4/5 (April / May 2011) Volume 4, Number 3 (March 2011) Volume 4, Number 2 (February 2011) Volume 4, Number 1 (January 2011)

2010, Volume 3

Volume 3, Number 4 (December 2010) Volume 3, Number 3 (September 2010) Volume 3, Number 2 (June 2010) Volume 3, Number 1 (March 2010)

2009, Volume 2

Volume 2, Number 4 (December 2009) Volume 2, Number 3 (September 2009) Volume 2, Number 2 (June 2009) Volume 2, Number 1 (March 2009)

2008, Volume 1

Volume 1, Number 2 (December 2008) Volume 1, Number 1 (June 2008)

Business Processes of Managing Media Assets: Technology and Practice of Implementation MAM-Class Systems Roman R. Veynberg and Valeriy A. Titov

Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 66–69 (2019)

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Performance of Temperature and Humidity Sensors with WSN Mesh Topology Akhmad Zainuri, Rudy Yuwono, S. Raden Arief, and Mohammad Ghadafi Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 70–74 (2019)

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Performance Modeling of DTN-Based File Transmission for Space Internet Jin-Woo Kim, Kyung-Rak Lee, Jin-Ho Jo, and Inwhee Joe

Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 75–78 (2019)

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How to Work with Comics: Innovation of Natural Science Education in Kindergartens Adriana Wiegerová, Hana Navrátilová, and Marta Koutníková

Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 79–82 (2019)

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Gamified MALL: Are Game Elements Key to Learning Mandarin?

Mona Masood and Nurfitri Halimi Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 83–87 (2019)

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Educational Factors Correlated to Ethnic Identity of Independent Chinese Secondary School Students in Malaysia Pei Yao Ho, Fong Peng Chew, and Ker Pong Thock

Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 88–90 (2019)

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Social Participation Activities Towards Urban Wellbeing Among Multi-Ethnic Community in Malaysia Juhari Ahmad, Abdul Razaq Ahmad, and Fong Peng Chew

Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 91–94 (2019)

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A Two-Step Local Search Enhancement with the Novel Solution Representation for Solving Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problems

Asma Ull Hosna, A. K. M. Foysal Ahmed, and Ji Ung Sun Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 95–99 (2019)

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Development and Validation of Smartphone Addiction Scale Based on the Human Evaluation Model (HEM) Man-Ki Moon

Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 100–107 (2019) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

The Effectiveness of Training for Parents in Improving the Social Skills of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Herlina, Ishak Abdulhak, Zaenal Alimin, and Rudi Susilana

Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 108–112 (2019) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

Sight Word Reading Approach in Reading Syllables for Children with ASD: A Case Study

Yoga Budhi Santoso, Syihabbudin, Zaenal Alimin, Endang Rochyadi, Yeti Mulyati Ernie, C. Siregar, Budi Santoso, and Ranti Novianti

Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 113–116 (2019) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

Factor Analysis of the Companies Demands to the Polytechnic Graduates in Indonesia Achmad Muhammad, Emma Dwi Ariyani, Supriyadi Sadikin, and Dede Sujana

Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 117–121 (2019) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

Effectiveness of Applied Behavior Analysis and Floortime Methods Combination in Enhancing Cognitive and Functional Emotionals Ability Simultaneously of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Ernie C. Siregar, Sunaryo Kartadinata, Zaenal Alimin, and Yoga Budhi Santoso Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 122–125 (2019)

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The Assessment of Communication Ability on Deafblind Students Tati Nurul Hayati, Rahman, Juang Sunanto, and Toni Yudha Pratama Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 126–129 (2019)

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Training Effectiveness of Differentiated Instruction to Enhance Teachers’ Attitude Towards Inclusive School Mira Aliza Rachmawati, Nur Widiasmara, and Thobagus Muh Nu’man

Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 130–133 (2019) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

Effectiveness of Collaborative Learning Model Based on Assessment in Dyscalculia Students Tjutju Soendari

Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 134–137 (2019) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

Metacognitive Attitude and Knowledge of Biology Teacher Candidates Yanti Herlanti, Zulfiani, Fonny D. Hutagalung, and Diana V. Sigit Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 138–142 (2019)

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Exploring the Narratives on Domestic Violence Experienced by Married Immigrant Women in Korea Youngsoon Kim, Haiying Huang, Gihwa Kim, Youngsub Oh, and Chunyang Li

Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 143–146 (2019) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

Exploring the Meaning of Care in the Teaching Case of North Korean Defector Elementary School Students Hyunhee Yoon and Youngsoon Kim

Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 147–150 (2019) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

The New Assessment of Social-Emotional Competences and Self-Determination in the Prediction of Gifted Enrollment

Eka Sakti Yudha, Sunaryo Kartadinata, and Nandang Rusmana Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 151–154 (2019)

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Forgiveness Among Maduraness Ethnic: The Relation Between Religiosity, Interpersonal Attachment and Personality Trait

H. Fuad Nashori, Hariz E. Wijaya, Raden Rachmy Diana, and Netty Herawati

Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 155–157 (2019) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

Designing Program to Improve Parent’s Awareness Towards Autism Child Endang Rochyadi, Rona Wulandari, Mayasari Manar, Endun Sunanda, and Yopi Yuliana Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 158–161 (2019)

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Development of Vocational Programs Culinary Based on Competence of the World of Work Sri Rizqi Widasari, Permanarian Somad, and Tjutju Soendari

Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 162–165 (2019) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

Inclusive Education as One of Best Solution for Bullying on Students with Special Need Sunardi, Nadya Muniroh, and Mita Apriyanti

Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 166–169 (2019) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

Implementation Inclusive Education Through Ecological Approach Zaenal Alimin, Nandi Warnandi, Riksma Akhlan, and Een Ratnengsih Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 170–174 (2019)

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A Study on the Need of Entrepreneurship Local Content Curriculum in Bandung Senior High School Rudi Susilana, Laksmi Dewi, and Mohammad Ali

Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 175–178 (2019) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

Trauma Among Teachers Counseling and Religion Counseling at the High School in Banda Aceh City Post-Earthquake and Tsunami

Kusmawati Hatta

Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 179–182 (2019) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

Mathematics Assessment Design and Implementation in Inclusive School (Case Study at SMPN X Bandung)

Endang Rochyadi, Prima Dea Pangestu, Ika Karlina, and Nita Nitiya Intan Tanbrin Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 183–188 (2019)

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Elderly’s Thought About Nursing Homes: A Case Study of Vietnamese Elderly Vu Dung, Hoang Ba Thinh, Nguyen Thi Mai Lan, Vu Thu Trang, and Le Minh Thien Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 189–193 (2019)

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Patients’ Satisfaction from Dental Services in Public University in Selangor, Malaysia Ahmad Kamarul Juperi

Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 194–198 (2019) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

The Role of Schools and Parents on the Process of Entrepreneurship Learning in Children with Special Needs Edi Purwanta, Farida Harahap, Mumpuniarti, Hermanto, and Sukinah

Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 199–203 (2019) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

Effectiveness of Behavior Modification Models on Reducing of Non-Adaptive Behavior in Children with Intellectual Disability

Iding Tarsidi, Yuyus Suherman, and Setyo Wahyu Wibowo Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 204–207 (2019)

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Holistic Wellness of Neglected Children

Linda Jamaludin, Ku Suhaila Ku Johari, and Salleh Amat Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 208–211 (2019)

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Model of Differentiated Counselling on Teachers from Students Disability of Basic Education in District Bandung, Cimahi City, and Bandung City

Hidayat

Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 212–215 (2019) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

Subjective Well-Being of Orphans

Tina Hayati Dahlan, Diah Zaleha Wyandini, and Viena Rusmiati Hasanah Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 216–220 (2019)

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A Review of the Literature on the Issues and Roles of E-Learning in UAE Higher Education Saeed Alblooshi and Nor Aziati Binti Abdul Hamid

Adv. Sci. Lett. 25, 221–224 (2019) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

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Advanced Science Letters

ISSN 1936-6612 (Print)

Publisher: American Scientific Publishers More about this publication?

ADVANCED SCIENCE LETTERS is an international peer-reviewed journal with a very wide-ranging coverage, consolidates research activities in all areas of (1) Physical Sciences, (2) Biological Sciences, (3) Mathematical Sciences, (4) Engineering, (5) Computer and Information Sciences, and (6) Geosciences to publish original short communications, full research papers and timely brief (mini) reviews with authors photo and biography

encompassing the basic and applied research and current developments in educational aspects of these scientific areas.

Volume 23, Number 7, July 2017

research-article

Selected Peer-Reviewed Articles from the International Conference on Architecture and Built Environment 2016 (ICABE 2016), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 5–6 October, 2016

pp. 6029-6030(2)

Authors: Osman, Mariana Mohammed; Abdullah, Muhammad Faris; Abdullah, Alias

Demand for Low-Cost Housing Among Local People in Perak

pp. 6031-6034(4)

Authors: Osman, Mariana Mohamed; Khalid, Najihan; Syuid, Syafiee

The Challenges of Quantity Surveyor in Sustainable Construction Projects

pp. 6035-6039(5)

Authors: Haron, Roziha Che; Ibrahim, Putri Haryati; Rawi, Azya Binti Mat Contents

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Supplementary Data

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11/30/2019 Advanced Science Letters: Ingenta Connect Table Of Contents

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Illegal Occupation of State Land in Perak: A Review of the State’s Legalisation Program (PATUH)

pp. 6040-6043(4)

Authors: Osman, Mariana Mohamed; Wahab, Hanisah Ab; Abdullah, Muhammad Faris;

Mohamed, Mohd Zain

Linking Motivation, Satisfaction and Academic Performance of Construction Management Programmes: A Case Study of Malaysia

pp. 6044-6048(5)

Authors: Tey, Kim Hai; Lim, Shun Jinn; Song, Poh Choo; Olanrewaju, AbdulLateef

Housing Affordability Index for Districts in Perak

pp. 6049-6052(4)

Authors: Osman, Mariana Mohamed; Yusop, Siti Wahidah Muhamad; Shuid, Syafiee;

Abdullah, Muhammad Faris

Critical Factors Affecting Productivity for Table Form System in the Malaysian Construction Industry

pp. 6053-6056(4)

Authors: Wah-Peng, Lee; See-Seng, Ng; Tien-Choon, Toh; Cheng-Sim, Lim; Jeffrey, Yap Boon- Hui

Assessment of Gated Community and Guarded Neighbourhood from Public Perspective

pp. 6057-6059(3)

Authors: Abdullah, Muhammad Faris; Daniar, Nurul Ain Mohd; Osman, Mariana Mohamed;

Bachok, Syahriah

Sustainability Assessment of Community-Based Poverty Reduction Projects (CPRP) in Nigeria

pp. 6060-6063(4)

Authors: Zayyanu, Muhammad; Johar, Foziah; Zungwenen, Utange J; Siddiq, Usman A

Distribution of Special Education Programs in Mainstream Schools in Selangor

pp. 6064-6067(4)

Authors: Osman, Mariana Mohamed; Shuhaimi, Ainul Ashiqin Ahmad; Rabe, Noor Suzilawati

Design Factors Contributing to Active Urban Squares in Malaysia

pp. 6068-6072(5)

Authors: Zakariya, Khalilah; Harun, Nor Zalina; Mansor, Mazlina

11/30/2019 Advanced Science Letters: Ingenta Connect Table Of Contents

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Solid Waste Management Practice and Environmental Awareness Level of Postgraduate and Undergraduate Students: Case Study of UTM

pp. 6073-6077(5)

Authors: Hashim, Kamil; Rabe, Noor Suzilawati; Osman, Mariana Mohamed; Zahari, Rustam Khairi

Vacant Land Utilization Agreement Model Based on Community Aspiration to Strengthen Food Security: A Case Study in Sleman District, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia

pp. 6078-6082(5) Author: Suparwoko

Parents’ Perception on Children Safe Distance: A Case Study of Kuala Lumpur and Selangor

pp. 6083-6086(4)

Authors: Rabe, Noor Suzilawati; Osman, Mariana Mohamed; Bachok, Syahriah; Abdullah, Muhammad Faris; Shuid, Syafiee; Ponrahono, Zakiah

Communities’ Local Knowledge of Flood Disaster Management in Pakistan

pp. 6087-6090(4)

Authors: Khan, Muhammad Gohram; Johar, Foziah; Chado, Jiman

Awareness and Involvement of Downstream Residents Toward the Mitigation Plan of Dam Failure: A Case Study of Klang Gate Dam

pp. 6091-6094(4)

Authors: Ibrahim, Illyani; Ghazali, Ahmad Aiman; Jaafar, Samsuddin; Mahamood, Lukman Hakim

Memory, Hope, and Sense—Design as Generator (DAG) Premises for Empowering Community

pp. 6095-6101(7)

Authors: Katoppo, Martin L; Triyadi, Sugeng; Siregar, M. Jehansyah

Assessment on Public Perception Towards the Development of 1Malaysia Youth Cities

pp. 6102-6105(4)

Authors: Rabe, Noor Suzilawati; Osman, Mariana Mohamed; Abdullah, Muhammad Faris