I certify that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my work and that all assistance received in the preparation of this thesis and sources are acknowledged. Thanks be to Allah SWT, the Merciful, the Merciful, the Lord of the Universe, I was finally able to accomplish this thesis. This thesis is arranged as one of the requirements to achieve the Sarjana Degree in the Faculty of Arts and Technocrat Education.
The completion of this thesis could not have been achieved without the contribution of a few great persons. Suprayogi, S.S., M.Hum., Head of English Literature of the Faculty of Arts and Education of Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia. Moreover, this research applied qualitative method to gain a deep understanding of the object of research and to answer and solve research problems.
INTRODUCTION
- Problem of The Study
- Research Objective
- Scope of The Study
- Significance of The Study
It is then important to explore other elements of the poems, for example by using figurative language. Therefore, it helps the writer in analyzing a literary text, where the literary work in this study is a poem by Audre Lorde. In this research, the author wants to analyze poems about female voices written in selected poems by Audre Lorde.
The author chooses three selected poems by Audre Lorde entitled "A Litany for Survival" and "A Woman Speaks". Based on the background, it is important during the analysis process to make a specification of the problem to be analyzed. In this research, the author limits himself to two selected poems by Audre Lorde entitled "A Litany for Survival" and "A Woman Speaks".
LITERATURE REVIEW
- Theoretical Concept
- Expressive Approach
- Black Feminism Concept
- Poetry
- Figurative Language
- The Kinds of Figurative Language
- Audre Lorde Biography
The difference is that previous research focuses on finding the types of imagery and revealing the content meaning of imagery, while this research focuses on how the poems' messages are expressed through the use of imagery. From the results of the analysis, the researcher concluded that in the song titled "Insha Allah" there are 9 types of figurative language namely: Personification, Metaphor, Simile, Hyperbole, Irony, Alliteration,. Furthermore, this theory considers the extent of the intention of exposure contained in the literary work.
In this expressive study, the author's intention or tendency becomes decisive in the process of analysis and interpretation of the work. Expressive theory is also called a theory that looks at the work primarily as a statement or expression of the author's inner world. In other words, literature is an imaginative process that organizes and synthesizes the author's imagination, thoughts, and feelings (Abrams 1978, p. 20).
Expressive Approach treats the literary work primarily in relation to the author, expression of the author's feeling and emotions, or as a product of the author's imagination that drives his or her perceptions. The analytical practice of this approach leads to the authentic examination of the author's personal visions in a structural genetic way called the worldview. Conceptually, it can thus be seen that the expressive approach places literary works as an expression of the author, the author's imaginary with his perceptions” (p.22).
Based on the above definition, it can be concluded that the expressive approach focuses on the existence of the author as the creator of the artistic work and is concerned with the degree to which the author is successful in expressing his ideas. The writer chooses an expressive approach that means focusing on the literary work and the author herself. What distinguishes poetry from fiction such as short stories and novels is the form and use of language.
This is different from the literal language used in short stories or novels, which can result in the author's intended meaning. The most important feature of figurative language used in poetry is to make the poetry easier to read. On the other hand, repetition refers to using the same words, phrases, syllables, or even sounds throughout a song.
Data and Data Source
One of the concerns when choosing a research subject is the availability of a data source. In this case, the source of data is the literary work itself, selected poems by Audre Lorde entitled "Litany of Survival" and "Woman". Data is taken from words, phrases and lines within the poem that indicate the research problems of this research.
Data Collecting Techniques
Data Analyzing Techniques
The selected poems to be discussed here are A Litany for Survival, a poem from Audre Lorde's collection "The Black Unicorn", published in 1978. The other poem, A Woman Speaks, was first published in Audre Lorde's collection "The Black Unicorn” in 1997. A sequence of fear appears in the third stanza, Lorde outlines how marginalized people can never feel comfortable or safe.
In the last stanza, which is noticeably shorter than the previous three and contains only three lines (lines 42-44). On the other hand, pain and grief train black women to become strong and resilient in the face of adversity. The words "we are afraid" are repeated at the end of line eight in the third stanza, making the reader wonder what exactly it is.
In the final lines of this section, Lorde uses the example of “bread” in the mouths of children. A faint line in the center of our forehead is used to convey feelings or human emotions. It involves juxtaposing words that imply different ideas or meanings to create a deeper meaning in context.
Audre Lorde believed in the power of words and the ability of poetry to shape language. The eight different types of figurative language used in poems can convey a wide variety of messages. On the other hand, pain and grief train black women to become stronger, more confident, and more resilient in the face of adversity.
Types and the Roles of Feminism in Angelou's Selected Poems (Doctoral Dissertation, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar).
DISCUSSION
Women’s Voices in Audre Lorde’s Selected Poems
In this poem, Lorde encourages the audience to recognize their rights, to use their intrinsic courage, wisdom and individuality to overcome their fears, and to use their voice as a tool to increase their visibility in the front row. This poem expresses the identity and pride of being a black woman as well as the strength of black women to fight for their right to convey a powerful message about the lives of black women whose voices are often ignored wear. Because of this, Lorde states that people have the right to fight for their dreams, as their dreams determine their future destiny.
Lorde wants to speak to the reader about the lack of respect black women have for their existence. The second stanza discusses the verbal abuse Lorde or marginalized people experience at the hands of the dominant group and presents a false narrative that marginalized people will not be able to survive. Marginalized people are forced to remain silent about oppression in order to protect themselves and their loved ones.
Lorde also stated that she wants to express her fight for the right to live safely without being haunted by fear. Lorde wants to emphasize the importance of dealing with this situation, because everyone has the right to a sense of security and peace, as well as protection from the prospect of being forced to act. Finally, Lorde argues that it is better to speak up because individuals have the right to freedom regardless of their race, color, or gender.
Lorde proudly affirms her identity as a black woman and warns not to look down on black women. She also wants to demonstrate that black women have the power to fight injustice because their voices are being ignored. Even though black women have experienced pain, misery and sorrow throughout history, it does not mean that they are hopeless.
The willingness to show black women's identity was part of a campaign to speak out and unite with all black women who are discriminated against to gain more power and assert their rights accordingly.
The messages of the poems expressed by figurative language
The poem is written in the plural voice 'we', which invites the reader to relate or empathize with the suffering of the individuals described in the poem. Lorde ends each line with the phrase "we're afraid." This is an excellent example of epistrophe, one that prompts a close reader to investigate the effect it has on rhyme and rhythm. Lorde repeats the phrase "we're afraid" to describe a situation in which Lorde feels afraid and to identify the object of fear.
In lines 25-27, the repetition of sentence constructions emphasizes the reality that the Lord and the marginalized people are afraid no matter what the sun does. They fear that when the sun rises it will not stand and when it sets it will not return. In line 29-31, when they eat, they are afraid of stomachaches, and they are afraid of going hungry if they don't eat.
Finally, in line 37-41, they fear that if they speak, no one will hear them, but the fear persists even if they remain silent. This implies a link between fear and oppression, the inability to think about the will of the future keeps marginalized people stuck in the present, afraid to speak up or fight for change. Memories and emotions that are too painful, humiliating, embarrassing or distressing to face consciously are stored in the vast reservoir that is the unconscious mind.
God compares bread as food that is important for human life with the importance of his efforts for the survival of the younger generation in the future. Imagery is a literary strategy that helps authors build vivid images in readers' minds to help them imagine situations, characters, emotions, and settings in a work. There are no stereotypes or disadvantages in the environment (sphere) of a level playing field, only opportunities to be seen as equals.
Based on the findings and discussions, the author has identified 10 different types of figurative language in Audre Lorde's poems.
CONCLUSION
