LIST OF EDITIONS REFERRED TO THE LIFE OF HEYLYN, BY JOHN BARNARD, D.D. THE HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION. Visit of the Queen Regent of Scotland Trial and condemnation of Somerset The King’s diversions.
THEOLOGO-HISTORICITS,
LIFE
MOST REVEREND DIVINE,
PETER HEYLYN, D.D
INTRODUCTORY NOTICE
Thus Vernon knew nothing of the principle on which the folio Life had been constructed, and his own sentences had been borrowed for it. I have introduced the account of the newspaper-writing into the text,. marking the insertion by brackets).
THE LIFE
DR. PETER HEYLYN
TO write the lives of worthy personages was ever accounted a most laudable custom among the heathens; for to perpetuate the memory of the
For which cause St Jerome writ his Catalogus Il1ustrium Virorum;
Therefore for the Reverend Doctor’s sake, and in due veneration of his name, — which I doubt not is honored by all true sons of the Church of
To give satisfaction in the former, here is nothing inserted but the relations of truth, which hath been often heard from his own mouth,
First of all, I shall begin with his birth, in that country above all other ennobled with the famous seat of the Muses, to which he was a constant
If Camden Clarencieux be of good authority, (as with most he is unquestionable), the Doctor deriveth his pedigree from Gronoap-Heylyn,
First of all, I shall begin with his birth, in that country above all otherennobled with the famous seat of the Muses, to which he was a constant. The aforesaid Gronoap-Heylyn’s, from whom the Doctor is one of thedescendants, was a man of so great authority with the Princes of North.
The aforesaid Gronoap-Heylyn’s, from whom the Doctor is one of the descendants, was a man of so great authority with the Princes of North
But this little monarchy of Wales may be compared to a finger or toe, or the least joint, indiscernible in the vast body of the four great empires, and
Notwithstanding those great alterations in Wales, no longer a kingdom of itself, but annexed to the crown of England, the family of Pentre-Heylyn,
As the Doctor was of honorable extraction by his father’s side, so his mother’s pedigree was not mean and contemptible, but answered the
Notwithstanding those great alterations in Wales, no longer a kingdomof itself, but annexed to the crown of England, the family of Pentre-Heylyn,. Dodge of Stopworth in Cheshire, unto whom King Edward the First gave the seigniory or lordship of Padenhugh in the barony of Coldingham, in the realm of Scotland, as well for his special services that he did in the siege of Barwick and Dunbar, as for his valor showed in several battles, encontre son grand enemy et rebelle le Baillol, roy d’Escose et vassal d’Angle terre, as the words are in the original charter of arms, given to the said Peter Dodge by Guyen King of Arms, at the King’s command, dated April the 8th, in the 84th year of the said King Edward the First.
The Doctor in his green and tender years was put to school at Burford, (the place of his nativity and education), under the care of Mr William
But to find many of prodigious wits and memories from childhood, and for such persons to live unto extraordinary years, and keep up their wonted parts most vigorously after they are turned sixty, — which is the deep autumn of man’s life, — I believe Dr Heylyn had the happy fortune in youth and age above many others, that his virtues and excellent abilities kept equal balance together for all his life, primus ad extremum similis sibi f71 — that as he began 84 happily, so he went on; like Isocrates his master, who, being always the same, could say, Nihil habeo quod senectutem meam accusem — “ He had nothing to accuse his old age with.” f72. After he was first disciplined under his master North, whom death tookfrom the school to another world, f73 he was committed to his successor.
About the same time, being very eager upon his juvenile studies, he composed an English tragedy, called by him Spurins, that was so generally well liked by the society, that Dr Langton, the President, commanded it to be acted in his lodgings. After those and many other specimina ingenii, fair testimonies of hiswit and scholarship, he easily obtained his grace for the degree of Bachelor.
After those and many other specimina ingenii, fair testimonies of his wit and scholarship, he easily obtained his grace for the degree of Bachelor
And surely a young master he was, that not one of twenty is capable of this degree at his years; but more remarkable it was at that time, because he was one of those masters that first sat with their caps on in the Convocation-house, by order of the Earl of Pembroke, then Chancellor of the University, who signified his. The first copy was presented to his Royal Highness King Charles the First, then Prince of Wales, unto whom the young author dedicated his work, and by the young Prince was as graciously received, being brought into his Highness’ presence by Sir Robert Carr, afterward Earl of Ancram, f86 but then one of the Gentlemen of the Prince’s Bed chamber.
Having so fortunate a beginning, to gain the Prince his patron, he desisted in geography, and proceeded to higher studies, that might
1623; f88 the fruits of whose fatherly benediction, [and] devout prayers, with imposition of hands, did manifestly appear in this true son of the Church; whom the Almighty did bless, and. Being thus confirmed by the Bishop, according to the order of the Church of England, he afterward applied himself to the study of divinity, which St Basil calleth qewri>a tou~ o]ntov f90 the theory or contemplation of the great God, or his being, so far as he hath revealed himself to us in the book of nature and Scripture.
By this time his book of Geography, — in the first edition bought up by scholars, gentlemen, and almost every householder, for the pleasantness of
As an angel of God, so is my lord the King.”) Who, lighting upon a line that proved an unlucky passage in the author, who gave precedency to the French King, and called France the more famous kingdom; with which King James was so highly displeased, that he presently ordered the Lord Keeper to call the book in: but this being said in his anger and passion, no further notice was taken of it. I promised a description of all the world, and have, according to the measure of my poor ability, f114 fully performed it;.
But now we must come to him as a divine, wherein he acted his part as well as of a cosmographer, when he was called unto the Divinity School to
They are naturally disposed for courtship, as makes all the people complimental, that the poorest cobbler in the parish hath his court cringes, and his eau beniste de cour, his ‘court holy water,’. as they call it), as perfectly as the best gentleman-usher of Paris. But now we must come to him as a divine, wherein he acted his part aswell as of a cosmographer, when he was called unto the Divinity School to.
But chiefly the quarrel did arise for two words in Mr Heylyn’s hypothesis, after he had proved the Church of England received no succession of doctrine or government from the Berengarians, Wicklifists, etc., who held many heterodoxes in religion, as different from the established doctrine of our Church as any point f130 that was maintained at that time in the Church of Rome: that the writers of that Church, [and] f131 BeHar-mine himself [amongst them] f131 hath stood up as cordially in maintenance of some fundamental points of the Christian faith against Anti-trinitarians,. Anabaptists, and other heretics of these last ages, as any of the divines f132 and other learned men of the Protestant Churches; which point Mr Heylyn closed up with these words: Utinam (quod ipse de Calvino,) f133 sic semper errasset nobilissimus Cardinalis.
Notwithstanding the respondent acquitted him- [self most bravely before all the company, ascribing no more honor to Bellarmine than for his
After those heats of disputation were over, Mr Heylyn took a journey to London, f140 where he waited on Bishop Laud, then Bishop of Bath and
And when that clamor was revived again by his enemies, that he had some inclinations to the Romish religion, he gave such satisfaction in his third and fourth sermon preached at Whitehall, in the year 1638, upon the Parable of the Tares, on these words, <401326>Matthew 13:26, Tunc. More especially being a great man, at that time very popular in the University, profoundly admired by the junior masters, and some of the seniors inclined to Puritanism; his own College then observed to be. communis pestis adolescentum f146 ) the common nursery of west-country, men in Puritan principles, so that Mr Heylyn could expect no favor nor fair dealing in the way of his disputation, when it ran contrary to the.
To this young gentlewoman, Mrs Letitia High-gate aforesaid, Mr Heylyn was no stranger; for his elder brother, Mr Edward Heylyn, had
Which said Thomas High-gate, the father before mentioned, was second son of that Thomas High-gate who was Field-Marshal-General of the English forces before St Quintine, under the command of the Earl of Pembroke, anno Dom. 1557, . f150 and of Elizabeth Stoner his wife, a daughter of the ancient family of the Stoners in the county of Oxon. His courtship of her was not after a romantic manner, nor as a gallant of the times, but like a scholar and a divine, as appears by a copy of verses written upon a rich gilded Bible which he presented to her; and the verses are as followeth.
The verses with the Bible were most affectionately received by her, as the best tokens of love that could be given, to lay the foundation of a
At his marriage with this virtuous gentle woman, he had a good estate of his own, besides her portion, to begin the world with; for he had a rent
Therefore he took the first opportunity offered to him as a more probable means of his future preferment; and that was to attend the right honorable the Earl of Danby f162 to the Isles of Guernsey and Jersey, (of which afterward he writ a description). The good Bishop instructed him with counsel and wise cautions, how to behave himself in all circumstances suitable to the calling and dignity of his place; telling him amongst other things, that “the King did not love silk nor satin Chaplains;”.
In humble gratitude to the Earl his original patron, who first
And for this good service f163 he so much endeared himself to his Lordship, who took great notice of his extraordinary merits, that at their return back, the noble Lord commended him, not only to some Lords in court, but presented him to Archbishop Laud, then Bishop of London, who had cast a singular eye of favor upon him before; f164 but now, reminded by the Earl, he presently got him admitted Chaplain to the King; f165 knowing that step to preferment would carry him on further, because the rise of the Clergy is either from the press or the pulpit, in both which Mr Heylyn was exercised. From all which slanderous accusations of the one side, and from thefoppish superstitions and forgeries of the other, Mr Heylyn hath redeemed.
From all which slanderous accusations of the one side, and from the foppish superstitions and forgeries of the other, Mr Heylyn hath redeemed
236, f169 (who was a martyr himself), to preserve the memory of the Christian martyrs, by causing all their acts and passions to be written by public notaries, and afterwards laid up in the register of the Church, as Platina f170 tells us; and we find in Gregory’s Epistles f171 that in the ancient martyrologies the time of their death and place where they suffered is described, but not the circumstance and manner of their deaths: whereby hath risen so many fables and incredible stories, especially of St George, which the monks of old hath filled their legends with. Let me finally add what the author of the “Present State of England,” in honor of St George, hath written: — “The greatest monarchs,” saith he,.
Seldom misfortunes go alone, but one of them is a prologue to another, though in conclusion of all the scene may end with a pleasant epilogue
Crow’s singing) to get the meat out of his mouth: for, after he had persuaded Mr Heylyn to leave his presentation in his hands, and enter a caveat in his court, and promising that he would grant no institution to any person till the title was cleared, his Lordship immediately after gave. His Lordship’s hypocrisy was detected in a sermon afterwards preached, for which he was not only questioned, but sentenced to a recantation before the King.
The King, hearing the news of Mr Heylyn’s rough entertainment at Bugden, — how his royal presentation was slighted, and his Chaplain with
Soon after he applied himself to the Bishop of Lincoln f198 for institution; which was not only denied him, but the Bishop, more boldly than did befit his Lordship, disputed his own title against his Sovereign, and fell upon Mr Heylyn with most foul opprobrious language, because he presumed to defend the King’s right against his Lordship: which he proved by the instruments of conveyance made from the other party; f199 at which the Bishop was the more highly offended with him, that such a young divine should have so great. F200 But this was not the main business, — latet anguis in herba, f201 “there was a snake in the garden;” f202 for his Lordship had a subtle design under disguise, or otherwise he would have easily waived his right of.
So that he is now entered into one of the fairest preferments, that hath all the accommodations and pleasures which a scholar’s heart can wish: —
Therefore Mr Heylyn was happily disappointed of his formerexpectations, (as Providence ordained), to embrace a more noble.
Therefore Mr Heylyn was happily disappointed of his former expectations, (as Providence ordained), to embrace a more noble
Several letters passed betwixt his Lordship and Mr Heylyn; but in one particularly his Lordship commended “the honest old Captain to his
After the receipt of his Lordship’s letter, Mr Heylyn, who was everforward to promote any probable notion in learning, and as ready to obey.
After the receipt of his Lordship’s letter, Mr Heylyn, who was ever forward to promote any probable notion in learning, and as ready to obey
Thus at last the old Captain was weaned from his dear opinion, which he had doted upon for so many years; but to his further grief, and worthily to be lamented by others, followed the death of his friend and learned Lord, who was the honor of his time and degree. And had his Lordship but lived unto these times of ours, since the institution of the Royal Society, unto whom he had commended the hypothesis, their profound learning and exquisite knowledge, rare invention and judgment, by which they have made so many wonderful discoveries of things, would have quickly satisfied his Lordship’s scrupulosity, which was more to be regarded than the Captain’s fancy: “For this noble society has made particular inquiries of tides, currents, and depths of the sea, since their first foundation, having [made] a vast number of experiments,” f216 — “a new instrument,” saith Dr Sprat, f217 “to sound the depth of the sea without a line.” The sea’s.
Mr Heylyn’s being released of this troublesome Captain and the sea’s longitude, which was out of Mr Heylyn’s reach and proper element, he
Mr Heylyn’s being released of this troublesome Captain and the sea’slongitude, which was out of Mr Heylyn’s reach and proper element, he. For this and other good services, which with wonderful prudence, aswell as diligence, Mr Heylyn faithfully performed, his Majesty was.
For this and other good services, which with wonderful prudence, as well as diligence, Mr Heylyn faithfully performed, his Majesty was
Having thus showed his care first for the house of God, to set it in good order, the next work followed was to make his own dwelling-house a
After so much cost bestowed upon Alresford and his prebend-house in Westminster, he constantly resided in one of those places, where he kept
And, now we are fallen upon this point, we will proceed a little further in the proposal of some things to be considered. Are they not most of them the most active and best affected men in the whole cause, et magna partium momenta, and chief patrons of this growing faction.
But now we must come to the Divinity Schools again, where Mr Heylyn must undergo the public exercise of disputation for his degree of
The noise and calumnies that were raised and fixed upon Mr Heylyn after this Sermon incited him to make a more narrow search into the matter, and to multiply as well as strengthen his former arguments; which he delivered to his endeared friend Mr Noy, who undertook the suppression of the feoffees in the King’s name; and they were accordingly suppressed in a judicial way of proceeding in the Exchequer chamber, Feb. In the former disputation Mr Heylyn asserted the visibility and infallibility of the Church, but now he insisteth upon its authority; and his questions were these following.
In determinandis fidei controversiis?
Interpretandi S. Scripturas?
And at this point of time it was that the Queen’s Almoner left the Schools, f243 professing afterwards that he could see no hope of a fair disputation from so foul a beginning f244 The Doctor f245 went about to prove that it was not the Convocation but the high court of Parliament which had the power of ordering matters in the Church, in making canons, ordaining ceremonies, and determining controversies in religion; and could find out no other medium to make it good, but the authority of Sir Edward Cook (a learned but mere common lawyer) in one of the books of his Reports. An argument — (if by that name it may be called) — which the Respondent thought not fit to gratify with a better answer than Non credendum esse cuique extra suam artem.” fa1 And certainly a better answer could not be given by Mr Heylyn, (I may say).
This last exercise completed him in all degrees that the University could confer upon him. Being now a Doctor in Divinity, he returned home with
But this fancy was soon turned into a mournful elegy, by the death ofhis noble friend the Attorney General, Mr Noy, fa8 whose memory he could.
But this fancy was soon turned into a mournful elegy, by the death of his noble friend the Attorney General, Mr Noy, fa8 whose memory he could
The death of Mr Noy the more sadly afflicted the Doctor, to lose sodear a friend and an entire lover of learned men; during whose time, no.
The death of Mr Noy the more sadly afflicted the Doctor, to lose so dear a friend and an entire lover of learned men; during whose time, no
The Articles were ordered by the Council Table to be translated into Latin by Dr Heylyn, (which accordingly he performed), to avoid the
Upon which the former commission was revived, a day of hearing appointed, and a citation fixed upon the church-door of Westminster, for
The business now brought on so fairly, the Lords Commissioners met again on February the 8th following, before whom the Bishop put in his
Finally, upon hearing the matters on both sides, it was ordered by general consent of the Lords Commissioners, that the Prebends should be restored to their old seat, and that none should sit there with them but Lords of the Parliament and Earls’ eldest sons, according to the ancient custom. 15, fa23 the Lords Commissioners went on in hearing the particulars of the second petition; and so they proceeded from one Monday to another, till Monday, April 4, and then adjourned till the 25th of the same month; upon which day the business was again resumed, and the Bishop of Lincoln appeared not so well to the Lords Commissioners, except those of the laity, who were apparently inclined to favor him: and therefore those of the Clergy thought it neither fit nor safe to proceed to sentence; and upon that the commission was put off sine die.
But what were those differences about a seat, to the disputes risen at that time about the Sabbath? In the History of which Dr Seylyn was then
Upon complaint made before Lord Chief Justice Richardson, fa31 of some disorders by feasts, wakes, revels, and ordinary pastimes on Sundays, particularly in the county of Somerset, his Majesty ordered that the Bishop of Bath and Wells fa32 should send a speedy account of the same. Since our Savior’s reproof of the Jews for their superstitious fear oftransgressing the traditions and commandments of their fathers, by which.
Since our Savior’s reproof of the Jews for their superstitious fear of transgressing the traditions and commandments of their fathers, by which
The “name of Prideaux was then so sacred, that the book was greedily bought up by those of the Puritan faction; but when they found themselves deceived of their expectation, the book did cool their courage fa34 and abate their clamor.” fa35.
Notwithstanding this scrupulosity in them, the world knows their hypocritical practices under all those zealous pretences, how light they are
But now John Lord Bishop of Lincoln, who would have removed the holy communion-table from its proper place, and had displaced his Prebends of their ancient seat, was himself at this time, anno Dom. During the time of his Lordship’s imprisonment, Dr Heylyn was chosenTreasurer for the church of Westminster; in which office he discharged.
During the time of his Lordship’s imprisonment, Dr Heylyn was chosen Treasurer for the church of Westminster; in which office he discharged
While he was Treasurer, he took care for the repairs of the church, that had been neglected for many years: first, fa55 the great west aisle, that was ready to fall down, was made firm and strong;. He regulated also some disorders of the quire, particularly the exacting of sconces or perdition money, which he divided among them that best deserved it, who diligently kept prayers, and attended upon other Church duties.
Whilst he was Treasurer, his brethren the Prebendaries, to testify their good affections to him, presented him to the Parsonage of Islip, near
Whilst he was Treasurer, his brethren the Prebendaries, to testify theirgood affections to him, presented him to the Parsonage of Islip, near. The heathens scorned to rake in the ashes of the dead, but, as Tacitus says of Agricola, ut in loco piorum manibus destinato placide quiescat, fa64 “that he might rest without disturbance in the place appointed for souls.” However the Doctor’s learning and fidelity in history is so publicly known, that it is not in the power of any Scot or English Aristarchus to blast his good name.
In the mean while let not men be too credulous of another’s transcriptions, that are under question, an verbum de verbo expressum extulit fa63 — whether they are copied out exactly from the originals, (wherein lies the main controversy in matter of fact), which I am not bound, nor other men, to believe till we are convinced by our own eyes; besides, it is an inglorious encounter to fight with a man’s ghost, after he has been dead near twenty years, with whom the late historian, nor any other whilst he was living, durst venture with him in the point. Hamilton, whom Dr Burner doth so highly applaud, fa68 had a party that not only opposed this Liturgy but betrayed the King on all occasions; nay some of the bed-chamber, who were Scots, were grown so sauey and impudent, that they used to ransack the good King’s pockets when he was in bed; to transcribe such letters as they found, and send the copies to their country men in the way of intelligence.
To appease the tumults in Scotland, and quench the sparks of sedition that began to kindle in England, the King called a parliament, and issued
To appease the tumults in Scotland, and quench the sparks of seditionthat began to kindle in England, the King called a parliament, and issued. A sad and unfortunate day it was,” saith the Doctor, fa79 “and the news so unpleasing, [unto the author of these papers, whosoever he be, fa80 that, being] brought him by a friend, whilst he was writing some dispatches, it so astonished him (though he had heard some inkling of it the night before) that suddenly the pen fell out of his hand, and long it was before he could recollect his spirits to return.
The Convocation usually endeth in course the next day after the
The motion, backed by these reasons, did so well please the Prolocutor, with the rest of the Clergy, that they desired the Doctor, in pursuit of his own project, to undertake the compiling of the said Book of Articles, and to present it to the house with all convenient speed. And for the better authorizing of the Articles, he placed before every one of them in the margin the canon, rubric, law, injunction, or other authentic evidence, upon which they were grounded.
On Friday, May 29, the Canons of that Convocation were unanimously subscribed unto by all the Bishops and Clergy, no one of them dissenting
In another of his speeches he tells them, “that if they could bring the Lords to sit in the House of Commons, and the King to be but as one of the Lords, then the work was done.” And finally, in another,. During all the time of their sitting they were under those horrid fears, by reason of the discontents falling upon the parliament’s dissolution,.
And now the fire smothering in the embers at last broke forth into an open flame at the session of the next parliament, which was fatal both to
It is worth our while, to see what he hath written upon this point in the cause of blood many years after the first discourse of the Bishops’ Peerage,
And now the fire smothering in the embers at last broke forth into anopen flame at the session of the next parliament, which was fatal both to. But this was not the main point which the Commons aimed at; they were resolved to have a close committee to take examination in the business of the Earl of.
Whilst the Doctor was thus harassed before the committees, his old friend the Bishop of Lincoln, in great favor with them and the whole
Thus far the Doctor writ of this subject, when he lived in Lacye’s Court in Abingdon. Whilst the Doctor was thus harassed before the committees, his oldfriend the Bishop of Lincoln, in great favor with them and the whole.
Strange! that a Bishop could not rule his passions for one hour, when no provocation was given by the Doctor, whose Sermon from the
Whereas diversity of opinions, if wisely managed, would rather tend to the discovery of the truth than the disturbance of the Church, and rather whet our industry than excite our passions. At this, and all the other parts of his Sermon, the auditory was highlypleased, but the Bishop in so great wrath that his voice, and the noise of his.
At this, and all the other parts of his Sermon, the auditory was highly pleased, but the Bishop in so great wrath that his voice, and the noise of his
Nay, more than all this, as the Doctor informs us in his Animadversions on the Church History of Britain, fa128 “he caused a comedy to be acted before him at his house at Bugden, fa129 not only on a Sunday in the afternoon, but upon such a Sunday also on which he had publicly given sacred orders both to Priests and Deacons; and to this comedy he invited the Earl of Manchester, and divers others of the neighboring gentry; though, on this turning of the tide, he did not only cause these Doctors to be condemned for some opinions which formerly himself allowed of, but moved at the assembly in Jerusalem-chamber, fa130 that all books should be publicly burnt which had disputed the morality of the Lord’s-day-sabbath.” But the Bishop, now restored to his dignity by means of that unhappy parliament, with whom he was in high favor, expected that Dr Heylyn should have submitted himself to his Lordship, and particularly acknowledge his error in putting out the Antidotum Lincolniense, which he commended fa131 him to call in; to which the Doctor replied, that he received his Majesty’s royal command for the writing and printing of that book, in which he had asserted nothing but what he was still ready to justify and defend against the opposers of it. No sooner was the Doctor out of the pulpit, but he must come againbefore the chair of the old committee, to answer unto new articles that Mr.
No sooner was the Doctor out of the pulpit, but he must come again before the chair of the old committee, to answer unto new articles that Mr
But, contrary to all their expectation, he got the victory of the day, was dismissed with a quietus est, by reason of a letter which he had wisely sent before-hand (ingenium res adversoe nudare solent) fa139 to a leading gentleman of that committee, who was before his most bitter enemy, fa140 but now, mollified with the letter, he allayed the fury of his brethren. Upon which he removed his study to Alresford, letting his house for no more than 3 pounds a year.] fa141 And glad was he to be so delivered out of the lion’s mouth, telling his friends, that he would now go to Alresford with a purpose never to come back to Westminster whilst these two good friends of his abode in it, viz.
Welcome was he to his parishioners in the country, who always loved him in the time of his prosperity and adversity, because of his affable and
Welcome was he to his parishioners in the country, who always lovedhim in the time of his prosperity and adversity, because of his affable and. His books carried away to Portsmouth; many of them were sold by the way, as folios for a flagon of ale a-piece, which some of his good parishioners bought of the soldiers, that the right owner might come to them again.
After the loss of them, those Sabeans drove away his goods and chattels, they seized upon his corn and hay; for immediately, by order of
These zealous services produced the very same effect that he foresaw when he first undertook them.] fa152 The news of his flying to Oxford quickly took wings to the old committee in London, who forthwith voted him a delinquent, [this being given for a reason, viz. Yet now he is but in the beginning of his misfortunes, and he hath along race to run through them with patience.
Yet now he is but in the beginning of his misfortunes, and he hath a long race to run through them with patience. Not being able to maintain
Being put to hard straits that he never knew before, indocilis pauperiem pati, fa157 he must now learn a new lesson, how to shift in the world for a mere livelihood. It pleased God afterward to send him some supplies of money, that hesettled himself, wife, and eldest daughter at Winchester, in the house of a.
It pleased God afterward to send him some supplies of money, that he settled himself, wife, and eldest daughter at Winchester, in the house of a
And fa164 yet even now the exuberancy of an honest zeal — (that I may use his own words, though upon another occasion,) — carried him rather to the maintenance of his brethren’s and the Church’s cause than to the preservation of his own peace and particular concernments. He took his opportunity on the market-day to put on his travelling robes, with a long staff in his hand, and so walked out of the town confidently with the country crowd, bidding adieu to the conclave or little room, that he left for the next distressed gentleman; in the mean while his wife and daughter he intrusted to Mr Lizard’s care, his faithful friend.
And now he must again seek his fortune, which proved more kind to him than she did before; yet he met with a hard adventure not many miles
And indeed it was so cunningly contrived that there was no door to be seen, nor entering into it but behind an old bed’s-head; and if the bed had not been there, the door was so neatly made like the other wainscot of the chamber, that it was impossible for a stranger to find it out. In which room, instead of a Papist, a right protestant Doctor, who was a professed enemy both to Popery and Puritanism, was now secured from the rage and violence of the soldiers, who sought after him with no less eagerness than if he had been a heretic followed by the Spanish Inquisition, when he, good man, was in the very next room to them, adjoining to the dining-chamber, where he could hear all their raillery and mirth, their gaming at cards and dice; for those idle lurdanes spent their time only in riot and pleasure at home, and when they went abroad, they would tread the maze near the town.
At what friend’s house he was now secured from danger, though I have heard it named, indeed I have forgot; but from thence he traveled to
At what friend’s house he was now secured from danger, though I haveheard it named, indeed I have forgot; but from thence he traveled to. Being deprived of his ecclesiastical preferments, he must think of some honest way for a livelihood.
Yet notwithstanding he followed his studies, which was his chief delight; for though the usurped powers had silenced his tongue from
At the same time he enlarged his book of Geography into a large folio, which was before but a little quarto, and entitled it with the name of
The Doctor himself modestly speaks of his own hospitality, how many (that were not domestics) had eaten of his bread and drunk of his cup.
A virtue highly to be praised, and most worthy of commendation in itself; for which Tacitus giveth this character of the old Germans,
The good Doctor’s charity did not only extend itself to ancient friends and acquaintance, but to mere strangers, by whom he had like to run
Upon which the Doctor relates the whole story to the Governor, and withal shows the diurnal, which the Governor read to the fellow, often asking him, “Is this right. Being thus delivered from the treachery of his servant, his great carewas to provide one more faithful; which the good Lady Wainman, his.
Being thus delivered from the treachery of his servant, his great care was to provide one more faithful; which the good Lady Wainman, his
Strange news it was, knowing his own innocency, to hear that soldiers had beset his house so early in the morning, before he was out of bed. For at the time of his sad pilgrimage, when he was forced to wanderand take sanctuary at any friend’s house, his thoughts were not.
For at the time of his sad pilgrimage, when he was forced to wander and take sanctuary at any friend’s house, his thoughts were not
Particularly he was beholden to his reverend and learned friend Doctor Barlow, now Lord Bishop of Lincoln, fa187 who sometimes accommodated him with choice books: of whom I have heard the Doctor say, “If the times ever altered, he was confident that man of learning would be made a Bishop;” which indeed is now come to pass. In the year 1656, the Doctor printed some observations fa197 upon the History of the Reign of King Charles, published by H[amon] L[‘Estrange], Esq.: with whom the Doctor dealt very candidly, and modestly corrected some of his mistakes in most mild and amicable terms, telling him, viz.,.
Notwithstanding all this, the Doctor, like the palm-tree, (crescit sub pondere virtus,) the more he was pressed with these heavy loads, did
Several journeys the good Doctor took to London, sparing neither his pains nor purse in so pious a cause; for the managing of which he
Do not we read, that when Zacharias offered up incense, which figured the prayers of the saints, within the temple, the people waited all that while in the outward courts. The sword of the Committee had as sharp an edge, and was managed with as strong a malice, as any ordinance of a later date.
After this good letter, Mr Huish went on in his prayers as formerly, and this little Church withstood all the batteries and fierce assaults of its
In the one, he treateth learnedly about the Sabbath; the other relating to the Lord Primate, the Articles of the Church of Ireland, and the Earl of Strafford: to neither of which his adversaries could make a reply; but instead thereof, Dr Bernard. Archbishop’s book against Fisher the Jesuit was newly published, it was affirmed by some that the Doctor in his sermon had pulled up Popery by the roots, yet one of the company most maliciously replied thereunto — “ That the Archbishop might print, and the Doctor might preach, what they pleased against Popery; but that he should never think them or either of them to be the less Papists for all that.” fa232 A censure of so strange a nature, (saith the Doctor himself) that he believed it is not easy to be paralleled in the worst of times.
LIFE AND DEATH
DR PETER HEYLYN
And now the sun shone more gloriously in our hemisphere than ever;
After his re-entrance into his prebendary of Westminster, he had the honor to attend his sacred Majesty at the time of his coronation, in the solemnity of which, according to his office and place as Subdean of the church, he presented upon his knees the royal scepter unto his Majesty, in whose exile to the utmost of his power he had exercised his pen in the defense both of the crown, scepter, and miter: his soul then transported with joy, that he should survive the usurped powers, and see with his old bad eyes the King settled upon his father’s throne, and ,peace upon Israel. In the evening, after the ceremonies of the coronation were over, while the ordinance was playing from the Tower, it happened to thunder violently, at which some persons who were at supper with him seemed much affrighted.
Thus being settled in Westminster, he fell upon the old work of
For, first, I hope that the selecting of some few Bishops, and other learned men, of the lower Clergy, to debate on certain points contained in the Common Prayer Book, is not intended for a representation of the Church of England, which is a body more. For neither the selecting of some learned men out of both the orders for the composing and reviewing of the two Liturgies.
Now having run through the principal circumstances of this reverend man’s life, it behooves us to say something of his person, conversation,
Our blessed Savior said, “The light of the body is the eye;” for without these two luminaries which God hath placed in the microcosm of man,
I will not say of him as the Cardinal did of Melanchthon, that most learned divine of the Reformation — O ingratam Germaniam, quoe tanti viri tantos labores non pluris oestimet. And it is the best part of man indeed, though all the members and parts of our bodies are so excellently compacted together by the wisdom of the Creator, and have such a necessary.
But the loss of his eyes, considering the cause, was no blemish to his person, but rather a mark of honor, as the Caeci among the Romans, a
And it is the best part of man indeed, though all the members and parts of our bodies are so excellently compacted together by the wisdom of the Creator, and have such a necessary. dependence upon one another for the exercise of their several offices, that the compositum of man cannot be complete without them; and chiefly the eye, being the guide of the whole body, hath pre-eminence over the rest of the members, saith the philosopher, fa257o[ti ma>lista poiei~ gnwri>zein ti hJma~v au[th tw~n aijsqh>sewn“because by it we receive the greatest share of knowledge and understanding,” it being the principal organ of sense for that use. He macerated his body with the immoderate exercises of his mind,often fasting, and taking little or nothing for the space of two or three days.
He macerated his body with the immoderate exercises of his mind, often fasting, and taking little or nothing for the space of two or three days
For on the Saturday night before he sickened, he dreamed that he was in an extraordinary pleasant and. On all occasions he was a constant assertor of the Church’s right and the King’s prerogative, as well in their afflicted as prosperous estate.
Spurins, a Tragedy, MS., 1616
Theomachia, a Comedy, MS., 1619
Geography [Microcosmus, a Description of the Great World]
A Coal from the Altar, or] An Answer to the Bishop of Lincoln’s Letter to the Vicar of Grantham, 1636, twice reprinted. A short Treatise concerning a Form of Prayer to be used accordingto what is enjoined in the Fifty fifth Canon: written at the request of the.
A short Treatise concerning a Form of Prayer to be used according to what is enjoined in the Fifty fifth Canon: written at the request of the
An uniform Book of Articles,.fitted for Bishops and Archdeacons in their Visitations, 1640
The History of Episcopacy, first under the name of Theoph
The History of Liturgies, written 1649 [printed in the Eccl
A Relation of the Queen’s Return from Holland, and the Siege of Newark [1642]
A View of the Proceedings in the West for a Pacification
The Rebel’s Catechism: all these [17 to 23] printed at Oxon, 1644 [1642-3]
An Answer to the Papists’ groundless clamor, who nickname the Religion of the Church of England by the name of a Parliamentary
The Stumbling-block of Disobedience Removed, written 1644, printed 1658, [reprinted in the Tracts.]
The Promised Seed, in English Verse
Theologia Veterum, or an Exposition of the Creed, folio, 1654 [1673.]
Survey of France, with an account of the Isles of Guernsey and Jersey, 1656, quarto
Respondet Petrus, or the Answer of Peter Heylyn, D.D., to DrBernard’s book, entitled The Judgment of the late Primate, etc., quarto, Bernard’s book, entitled The Judgment of the late Primate, etc., quarto, Lond. 1658 [with an Appendix in answer to certain Passages in Mr Sandersoh’s History of the Life and Reign of King Charles.].
Thirteen Sermons, some [ten] of which are an Exposition of the Parable of the Tares, printed at London, ] 659, and again 166]
Historia Quinqu-articularis, [with a Postscript concerning some Particulars in a scurrilous Pamphlet entituled a Review of the Certamen
Sermon preached in the Collegiate Church of St Peter in
Ecclesia Restaurata, or the History of the Reformation, folio, Lond
Aerius Redivivus, or the History of the Presbyterians, folio, [1670, 1672.]
ECCLESIA RESTAURATA;
HISTORY
REFORMATION OF THE CHURCH
ENGLAND
TO THE MOST SACRED MAJESTY
KING CHARLES THE SECOND
TO THE MOST SACRED MAJESTY . the Vulgar reads it FB2 ) and sown on purpose by a cunning and industrious enemy, to raise an harvest to himself, they neither can pretend to the same antiquity, and much less to the purity, of that sacred seed with which the field was sown at first by the heavenly Husbandman. I leave the application of this parable to the following History, and shall conclude with this.
TO THE READER
READER,
- This gave a powerful animation to the Zuinglian gospellers (as they are called by Bishop Hooper, and some other writers), to practice first upon
- But the great business of this reign related to the restitution of the abbey-lands, endeavored earnestly by the Queen, FB25 and no less
- And so Queen Mary makes her exit, and leaves the stage to Queen Elizabeth, her younger sister—a princess which had long been trained up in
- This is the sum and method of the following History; in the particulars whereof thou wilt find more to satisfy thy curiosity and inform thy
Most of which lands were either exchanged for others with the lords and gentry, or sold, for valuable consideration, to the rest of the subjects. FB28 Where still observe, that nothing made a lawful title in the Pope’s opinion, but the Kings letters patents, grounded on the laws of the land, as is expressed more clearly in the former passages.
PARENTAGE, BIRTH, AND FIRST FORTUNES
PRINCE EDWARD,
- And first, Sir Edward Seimour, the eldest son, received the order of knighthood at the hands of Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, and brother-
- In the mean time we are to know, that, having married one of the daughters and co-heirs of William Filol, FB53 of Woodlands, in the county
- Of a far different temper was his brother Thomas, the youngest son of Sir John Seimour; of a daring and enterprising nature, arrogant in himself, a
- As for Sir Henry Seimour, the second son of Sir John Seimour, he was not found to be of so fine a metal as to make a courtier, and was therefore
- But the great ornament of this house was their sister Jane, the only daughter of her father, by whose care she was preferred to the court, and
- It is not to be thought that so many rare perfections should be long concealed from the eye of the King; or that love should not work in him its
- And though it might please God, as it after did, to give the King some lawful issue by this Queen, yet took he so much care for this natural son as
- But all these expectations and provisions were to no effect, the Duke departing this life at the age of 17 years, or thereabouts, within few days
- It appears also by a passage in this act of parliament, above mentioned, that the King was not only hurried to this marriage by his own affections,
- Besides, it may appear by two several letters, the one written by the appointment of the Queen herself, immediately after her delivery, the other
- But, having a hard labor of it, as before was said, it brought her first into a very high distemper, and after into a very great looseness, which so
- So died this noble, beautiful, and virtuous Queen, to the general
- But to return unto the Prince,—It is affirmed with like confidence, and as little truth, that on the 18 th FB91 day of October, then next following,
- The ground of this error I conceive first to be taken from John Stow, who, finding a creation of some noblemen, and the making of many
- But in the face of the Church there appeared some lines which looked directly towards a Reformation. For, besides the surrendering of divers
- The next year brings an end to almost all the monasteries and religious houses in the realm of England, surrendered into the King’s hands by
- The surrenderies of the former year, confirmed by act of parliament in the beginning of this, drew after it the final dissolution of all the rest, none
- And being further doubtful in himself what course to steer, he marries
- This could not be so closely carried but that the King had notice of it, who from thenceforth began to have a watchful eye upon the actions of his
- On the 19th of December the Scottish Lords, and other of the principal prisoners, to the number of twenty or thereabouts, were brought into
- That at ten years of age she should be brought into England, the contract being first finished by a proxy in Scotland
- That within two months after the date hereof, six noble Scots should be given as hostages for the performance of the conditions on their
- And furthermore it was agreed upon, that the realm of Scotland (by that name) should preserve its laws and rights; and that peace should be
- In the meantime the Prince, having attained unto the age of six years, was taken out of the hands of his women, and committed to the tuition of
No other alteration made in the face of the court; but that Sir William Paulet was made. But in the face of the Church there appeared some lines which lookeddirectly towards a Reformation.
PRINCE EDWARD’S EPISTLE TO THE KING, FB139
For a companion at his book, or rather for a proxy to bear the punishment of such errors as either through negligence or inadvertency
One thing I must not pretermit, to shew the extraordinary piety of this hopeful Prince in the days of his childhood, when, being about to take down something which seemed to be above his reach, one of his fellows proffered him a bossed-plated bible, to stand upon, and heighten him for taking that which he desired. Having attained the age of nine, there were great preparations made forhis solemn investiture in the Principality of Wales, together with the.
Having attained the age of nine, there were great preparations made for his solemn investiture in the Principality of Wales, together with the
Which, when he perceived to be a bible, with holy indignation he refused it, and sharply reprehended him that made the offer. FB146 A strong assurance of that dear esteem and veneration in which he held that sacred book in his riper years.
For the King, having long lived a voluptuous life, and indulgent too much unto his palate, was grown so corpulent, or rather so overgrown
In the midst of which distempers, it was not his least care to provide for the safety of his son, and preserve the succession of the crown to his own posterity. For which cause he procured an act of parliament, in the thirty-fifth year of his reign, in which it is declared, “That in default of issue of the said Prince Edward, the crown should be entailed to the King’s daughter, the Lady Mary, and the heirs of her body, and for default thereof to the King’s daughter, the Lady Elizabeth, and the heirs of her body, and for lack of such issue, to such as the King by his letters patents or his last will in writing should limit.” FB152.
So that he had three children by three several wives, two of them born of questionable marriages, yet all made capable by this act of having their
At such time as he had married Queen Anne Bollen, he procured his daughter Mary to be declared illegitimate by act of. So that he had three children by three several wives, two of them bornof questionable marriages, yet all made capable by this act of having their.
This care being over, and the succession settled by his last will and testament, bearing date the 28th of December, FB153 being a full month
So as it cannot be denied that he had too much, (as all great monarchs must have somewhat), of the tyrant in him. And yet I dare not say with Sir Walter Raleigh, “that if all the patterns of a merciless Prince had been lost in the world, they might have been found in this one King;” FB157 some of his executions being justifiable by the very nature of their crimes, others to be imputed to the infelicity of the times in which he lived, and may be ascribed unto reasons of state, the exigencies whereof are seldom squared by the rule of justice.
His infirmity, and the weakness which it brought upon him, having confined him to his bed, he had a great desire to receive the Sacrament;
The Earl himself, beheld in general by the English as the chief ornament of the nation; highly esteemed for his chivalry, his affability, his learning, and whatsoever other graces might either make him amiable in the eyes of the people, or formidable in the sight of a jealous, impotent, and wayward Prince. Howsoever, applying himself to the King’s present condition, and discoursing to him on this point, that salvation was to be obtained only by faith in Christ, he desired the King, that, if he understood the effect of his words, and believed the same, he would signify as much by some sign or other; which the King did, by wringing him gently by the hand, and within short time after he gave up the ghost; FB160 when he had lived fifty-five years, seven months, and six days over; of which he had reigned thirty-seven years, nine months, and six days also.
Having brought King Henry to his death, we must next see in what estate he left the kingdom to his son, with reference to the condition of
And on the other side, the French Kings were not only in the quiet possession of those goodly territories, (Normandy, Guienne, and the rest), which anciently belonged to the Kings of England; but lately had impatronized themselves of the dukedoms of Burgoine and Bretagne, and the earldom of Provence, all meeting in the person of King Francis the First. It was therefore King Henry’s chiefest care, as it was his interest, to keep the scales so even between them, that neither of them should preponderate, or weigh down the other, to the endangering of the rest of the Princes of Christendom: which he performed with so great constancy and courage, as made him in effect the arbitrer at all times between them.
To look to matters near at home, we find the Scots exasperated by his annual inroads, but more by his demanding the long-neglected duty of
Insomuch that in the year 1543, being within less than seven years after the general suppression of religious houses, he was fain to have recourse for moneys to his houses of parliament, by which he was supplied after an extraordinary manner; the clergy at the same time giving him a subsidy of 6s. Most true it is, that it was somewhat of the latest before he cast his eyeon the lands of bishoprics, though there were some who thought the time.
Most true it is, that it was somewhat of the latest before he cast his eye on the lands of bishoprics, though there were some who thought the time
The King soon smelt out the device, and shortly after sent him on an errand to Lambeth, about dinner-time, where he found all the tables in the great hall to be very bountifully furnished, the Archbishop himself accompanied at dinner with divers persons of quality, his table exceeding plentifully served, and all things answerable to the port of so great a prelate: wherewith the King being made acquainted at his coming back, he gave him such a rattle for his false information, and the design which visibly depended on it, that neither he nor any other of the courtiers durst stir any further in the suit, whilst King Henry lived. But the King, considering further of it, could not think fit that such aplausible proposition as taking to himself the lands of the Bishops should.
But the King, considering further of it, could not think fit that such a plausible proposition as taking to himself the lands of the Bishops should
But then it cannot be denied but that King Henry left the Church, inmany respects, in a better condition than he found it; not only in order to.
But then it cannot be denied but that King Henry left the Church, in many respects, in a better condition than he found it; not only in order to
As for the polity of the Church, he settled it in such a manner that Archbishops and Bishops might be chosen, confirmed, and consecrated,
For having, by his proclamation of the 19th of September, anno 1530, FB177 prohibited all addresses and appeals to the Popes of Rome, he prevailed so far upon his Bishops and Clergy, entangled by the. Cardinal’s fall in a praemunire, FB178 that they acknowledged him in their convocation to be the “Supreme Head on earth of the Church of England,”.
In order to a reformation in points of doctrine, he first directed his Bishops and Clergy in their convocation, anno 1537, to compile a book,
FB180 In the form of consecrating Archbishops and Bishops, and the rule by which they exercised their jurisdiction, there was no change made, but what the transposition of the supreme power from the Pope to the King must of necessity infer. Finally, that the people might be better made acquainted with the prayers of the Church, it was appointed, a little before the King’s going to Bulloign, anno 1544, FB194 that the Litany (being put into the same form almost in which now it stands) should from thenceforth be said in the English tongue.
In reference to the regal state, he added to the royal style these three glorious attributes, that is to say, Defender of the Faith, The Supreme
And so it stood, (but not with such a general observation as the case required,) till the finishing of the new translation, printed by Grafton, countenanced by a learned preface of Archbishop Cranmer, and authorized by the King’s proclamation of the sixth of May, as before was said. In reference to the regal state, he added to the royal style these threeglorious attributes, that is to say, Defender of the Faith, The Supreme.
As for the title of King of Ireland, it was first given unto this King by a parliament, there holden in the month of June, 1541, under Sir Anthony St
The Scots had then some footing in the north parts of that island, and thought the taking of that title by the Kings of England to tend to the endangering of their possession, FB207 or at least to bring them under subjection of a foreign Prince. And on the other side, it was complained of in the court of Rome, as a great and visible encroachment on the papal power, to which it only appertained to erect new kingdoms; and that the injury was the greater in the present case, because the King, holding that island by no other title, (as it was then and there pretended), than by the donation of Pope Adrian to King Henry the Second, was not without the Pope’s consent to assume that title.
Having thus settled and confirmed the regal style, his next care was for settling and preventing all disputes and quarrels which might be raised
And we will that if our said daughter Mary do marry without the assent and consent of the Privy Counselors and others,. And all these we will to be our executors, and counselors of the Privy Council with our said son, Prince Edward, in all.
LIFE AND REIGN
KING EDWARD THE SIXTH
These men being thus advanced to the highest titles, Sir Thomas
In the third place came Sir William Willoughby, descended from a younger branch of the house of Eresby, created Lord Willoughby of Parham in the county of Suffolk. These preparations being dispatched, they next proceed unto thecoronation of the King, performed with the accustomed rites on the.
These preparations being dispatched, they next proceed unto the coronation of the King, performed with the accustomed rites on the
Of the two others, Fortescue and Throgmorton, I have found nothing but the names; FB284 and thereupon can but name them only. Pate preferred unto the actual possession of the See of Worcester, of which he formerly had enjoyed no more but the empty title.
These great solemnities being thus passed over, the grandees of the court began to entertain some thoughts of a Reformation; in which they
And therefore, on the sixth of March, the great seal was taken from him by the King’s command, and for a while committed to the custody of Sir William Pawlet, FB286 created Lord St John of Basing and made Great Master of the Household by King Henry the Eighth. And on the other side it was thought expedient, for the better carryingon of the design, not only to release all such as had been committed unto.
And on the other side it was thought expedient, for the better carrying on of the design, not only to release all such as had been committed unto
But the business was of greater moment than to expect the coming back of the learned men; who, though they came not time enough to begin the
Which he, who was not to be told what these matters aimed at, refused to give consent unto; and so lost the seal, FB292 —committed, (as before is said), to the custody of the Lord Great Master, by whom the said Commissioners were dispatched, and the visitors thereby authorized in due form of law. Now, as for the Injunctions above mentioned, although I mightexemplify them as they stand at large in the first edition of the Acts and.
Now, as for the Injunctions above mentioned, although I might exemplify them as they stand at large in the first edition of the Acts and
That, within three months after this Visitation, the Bible, of the larger FB296 volume, in English; and within twelve months Erasmus his Paraphrases on the Gospels, be provided, and conveniently placed in the church, for the people to read therein. That, because of the lack of preachers, FB305 curates shall read homilies, which are or shall be set forth by the King’s authority.
Besides these general Injunctions for the whole estate of the realm, there were also certain others, particularly appointed for the Bishops only;
And, lastly, that they should not at any time or place preach or set forth unto the people any doctrine contrary or repugnant to the effect and intent contained or set forth in the King’s highness’s Homilies: neither yet should admit or give license to preach to any within their diocese, but to such as they should know (or at least assuredly trust) would do the same: and, if at any time, by hearing or by report proved, they should perceive the contrary; they should then incontinent not only inhibit that person so offending, but also punish him, and revoke their license. Thirdly, you shall pray for all them that be departed out of this world in the faith of Christ; that they with us, and we with them, at the day of judgment, may rest, both body and soul, with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, in the kingdom of heaven.”.
Such were the Orders and Injunctions wherewith the King’s
The law being such, there is no question to be made in point of practice, nor consequently of the meaning of the King’s Injunction. George’s day delivered, in the parish-church of Saint Andrew Undershaft, for sound catholic doctrine, “That the pictures of Christ, and of the saints were to be adored,”.
But there was something more than the authority of a minor King, which drew on such a general conformity to these Injunctions, and thereby
In order whereunto it was commanded by the King’s proclamation, that restitution should be made of such ships and goods which had been taken from the French since the death of King Henry. Which being done also by the French,—though far short in the value of such reprisals as had been taken by the English,—.
This great solemnity being thus honorably performed, the
But afterwards, considering better with himself, as well of his own danger, as of the scandal and ill. This humble carriage of the Bishop so wrought upon the King and theLords of the Council, that the edge of their displeasure was taken off:.
This humble carriage of the Bishop so wrought upon the King and the Lords of the Council, that the edge of their displeasure was taken off
In the meantime, whilst matters were thus calmly acted on the stage ofEngland, all things went no less fortunately forward with the Lord.
In the meantime, whilst matters were thus calmly acted on the stage of England, all things went no less fortunately forward with the Lord
It was no hard matter to foresee that either the Scots would return no answer to this declaration, or such an answer, at the best, as should signify
All thoughts of peace being laid aside, the army draws together at Newcastle, about the middle of August, FB342 consisting of twelve or
FB345 The issues out of it made into several paths, which the Scots had caused to be cut in divers places with traverse trenches: and thereby so encumbered the army in their marching forwards, till the pioneers had smoothed the way, that a small power of the enemy, (if their fortune had been answerable to the opportunity), might have given a very good account of them to the rest of their nation. Which difficulty being overcome, and a passage thereby given them unto places of more advantage, they made themselves masters of the three next castles, for making good of their retreat, if the worst should happen.
The armies drawing near together, the General and the Earl of
Making some little stay at Berwick, they entered not on Scottish ground till the third of September; FB344 keeping their march along the shore, within sight of the fleet, that they might be both aided and relieved by it, as occasion served: and, making all along the shore, they fell, at the end of two days, into a valley called the Peathes, containing six miles in length, in breadth about four hundred paces toward the sea, and but one hundred toward the land, where it was shut up by a river. FB347 Which proclamation being made, and the danger in which the kingdom stood represented to them, the people flocked in such multitudes to their rendezvous, that it was thought fit to make choice of such as were most serviceable, and dismiss the rest.
