FIGURE S1: Liver histology with HBcAg staining. Immunoperoxidase staining was used to detect the presence of HBcAg in liver biopsy specimens from hepatitis B mono-infected and HIV-HBV co-infected patients.
A) Panel A shows the typical aspect of HBcAg immunohistochemical staining of a patient with chronic hepatitis B, with predominantly nuclear expression of HBcAg.
B) Panel B shows very strong and diffuse HBcAg expression with a mixed pattern (nuclear and cytoplasmic) in a patient co-infected with chronic hepatitis B virus and HIV.
2
FIGURE S2: Core, but not surface, hepatitis B antigen was increased with HIV co-infection.
Liver biopsy specimens from HBV mono-infected and HIV-HBV co-infected patients were read and scored by a hepatic pathologist to determine prevalence of HBcAg and HBsAg by immunoperoxidase staining. Scores were based on a scale of 0-4, in which 0= none, 1+=<10%, 2+= 10-50%, 3+ = 50-90% and 4+=>90% of hepatocytes with positive antigen staining.
A) Distribution of HBcAg scores for HBV mono-infected and HIV-HBV co-infected groups.
Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the proportion of ordered categorical levels; p = 0.003.
0 10 20 30 40
HBV HBV-HIV
%
HBcAg
0 1 2 3 4B) Distribution of HBsAg scores in HBV versus HBV and HIV co-infected patients. Kruskal- Wallis test was used to compare the proportion of ordered categorical levels; p = 0.176
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
HBV HBV-HIV
%
HBsAg
0 1 2 3FIGUR counts.
measure
A) HBV infected as red. H
RE S3: HBV HBV DNA ed as part o
V DNA leve d patients w
HBcAg was
V DNA leve A levels in s
f routine lab
els (x-axis) were designa s increased
els correlate erum were boratory tes
were graph ated as blue in HBV pat
4 ed with degr
measured u sting.
hed against H while HBV tients co-inf
ree of HBcA using quanti
HBcAg sco V-HIV co-in
fected with
Ag staining tative PCR.
ores (y-axis) nfected patie
HIV.
g, but not CD . CD4 coun
). HBV mon ents were m
D4 nts were
no- marked
B) HBV DNA levels (x-axis) were plotted against CD4 counts (y-axis).
Only HBV-HIV co-infected patients had CD4 data. CD4 counts were independent of HBV DNA levels.
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
CD4 Counts
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
DNA log
6
C) CD4 counts were divided into 3 groups of <200, 200-500, and >500 (x-axis), and plotted versus HBV DNA level (y-axis). Distribution of HBV DNA (log) did not correlate with any CD4 group.
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
<200 200-500 >500
CD4 Counts