Supplemental Digital Content Table 1. Emotional, cultural, professional, and physical safety of the clinical learning environment as experienced by nursing students during their most recent clinical rotation
Variables
Not at all n = 406
(4.2%)
Only a little n = 2,598 (27.0%)
To some extent n = 4,048 (42.1%)
Always n = 2,555
(26.0%)
p-valuec Individual-level
Age, years, mean (95% CI) 23.5 22.9 22.7 23.0 < .001
(23.0-24.0) (22.7-23.0) (22.6-22.8) (22.8-23.1)
Female (n = 9,596), n (%) 313 (77.3) 2,037 (78.5) 3,063 (75.8) 1,890 (74.0) .002
Civil status, n (%)
Unmarried Married/Cohabitant Divorced Widowed Missing
370 (91.1) 24 (5.9)
2 (0.5) 2 (0.5) 8 (2.0)
2,441 (94.0) 122 (4.7)
6 (0.2) 2 (0.1) 27 (1.0)
3,841 (94.9) 160 (4.0)
13 (0.3) 1 (0.0) 33 (0.8)
2,393 (93.7) 129 (5.0)
16 (0.6) 2 (0.1) 15 (0.6)
.001
With children, n (%) 22 (5.5) 108 (4.2) 170 (4.2) 128 (5.1) .243
Secondary education (n = 9,442), n (%) High school Technical school Professional school Teacher school Abroad
276 (69.3) 18 (4.5) 61 (15.3)
39 (9.8) 4 (1.0)
1,806 (70.9) 115 (4.4) 392 (15.4)
208 (8.2) 32 (1.3)
2,768 (69.7) 192 (4.8) 644 (16.2)
321 (8.1) 47 (1.2)
1,780 (70.6) 89 (3.5) 421 (16.7)
200 (7.9) 33 (1.3)
.624
Academic year attended (n = 9,579), n (%)
First Second Third
105 (25.9) 143 (35.3) 157 (38.8)
833 (32.2) 874 (33.8) 878 (34.8)
1,238 (30.7) 1,441 (35.7) 1,358 (33.6)
733 (28.7) 824 (32.3) 995 (39.0)
< .001
Academic experience (n = 9,515), n (%) None Graduated in other fields Uncompleted degree Other
261 (64.4) 22 (5.4) 118 (29.1)
4 (1.0)
1,745 (67.9) 117 (4.6) 680 (26.5)
28 (1.1)
2,819 (70.2) 166 (4.1) 996 (24.8)
37 (0.9)
1,762 (69.9) 115 (4.6) 632 (25.1)
13 (0.5)
.127
Previous work experience (n = 9,553), n (%)
159 (39.7) 860 (33.3) 1,386 (34.4) 896 (35.3) .069
Work experience during the degree (n = 9,526), n (%)
96 (23.8) 521 (20.2) 817 (20.4) 508 (20.8) .382
Nursing programme level
Previous clinical rotations, (n = 9,498), number, mean (95% CI)
5.06 (4.73-5.39) 4.97 (4.84-5.11) 4.78 (4.68-4.87) 5.02 (4.90-5.15) .009 Setting (n = 9,551), n (%)
Only hospital Only community setting Hospital and community
305 (75.1) 6 (1.5) 95 (23.4)
1,865 (72.2) 45 (1.7) 672 (26.0)
2,701 (67.1) 63 (1.6) 1,262 (31.3)
1,635 (64.4) 39 (1.5) 863 (34.0)
< .001
Length of the most recent clinical
rotation, weeks, mean (95% CI)a 5.95 (5.58-6.32) 5.71 (5.60-5.82) 5.76 (5.68-5.84) 5.95 (5.86-6.04) .005 Tutorial model of the most recent
clinical rotation (n = 9,563), n (%)a I was supervised by
A clinical preceptor Nursing staff A nurse identified daily A nurse teacher The head nurse
144 (35.5) 234 (57.6) 4 (1.0) 21 (5.2)
3 (0.7)
1,063 (41.2) 1,322 (51.3)
26 (1.0) 128 (5.0)
40 (1.6)
2,251 (55.8) 1,497 (37.1)
33 (0.8) 176 (4.4)
74 (1.8)
1,638 (64.3) 751 (29.5)
30 (1.2) 80 (3.1) 48 (1.9)
< .001
Degree competence learned in the most recent clinical rotation, (n = 9,577), mean (95% CI)a,b
1.30 (1.22-1.37) 1.69 (1.66-1.71) 2.12 (2.10-2.14) 2.51 (2.49-2.54) < .001
CLEQI factor scores, mean (95% CI)a,b Tutorial strategies quality
Learning opportunities Self-directed learning Safety and nursing care quality Quality of the learning environment Overall CLEQI scorea,b
0.97 (0.89-1.04) 0.87 (0.82-0.93) 0.67 (0.61-0.74) 1.27 (1.22-1.32) 0.99 (0.92-1.05) 0.95 (0.90-1.00)
1.45 (1.43-1.48) 1.44 (1.42-1.46) 1.04 (1.01-1.06) 1.65 (1.63-1.67) 1.52 (1.50-1.55) 1.42 (1.40-1.44)
2.03 (2.01-2.05) 2.02 (2.01-2.04) 1.52 (1.50-1.54) 2.11 (2.10-2.12) 2.10 (2.08-2.12) 1.96 (1.95-1.97)
2.57 (2.55-2.59) 2.59 (2.58-2.61) 2.07 (2.04-2.10) 2.58 (2.57-2.60) 2.57 (2.55-2.59) 2.48 (2.47-2.50)
< .001
< .001
< .001
< .001
< .001
< .001 CI, confidence interval; CLEQI, Clinical Learning Quality Evaluation Index.
a The more recent clinical rotation was that under evaluation.
b On a 4-point Likert scale (0 = nothing; 3 = very much).
c Chi-square for dichotomous variables, analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables.
