Appendix 1: Complete Baseline characteristics (N=152*).
Characteristic
Overall (N=152)
Etomidate (N=73)
KPA (79)
Age, years 61.1 ± 17.8 60.0 ± 18.3 62.1 ± 17.2
Sex
Male 86 (57) 38 (52) 48 (61)
Female 66 (43) 35 (48) 31 (39)
Race/ethnicity
White non-Hispanic 133 (88) 57 (78) 76 (96)
Other 14 (9) 12 (16) 2 (3)
Missing 5(3) 4 (5) 1 (1)
Body Mass Index, kg/m2 27.8 ± 6.4 27.5 ± 6.5 28.0 ± 6.3
Apache III score 86.2 ± 30.8 86.7 ± 30.4 85.8 ± 31.3
Comorbidities Cardiac
Congestive heart failure 37 (24) 20 (27) 17 (22)
Coronary artery disease 39 (26) 19 (26) 20 (25)
Other heart disease 75 (49) 39 (53) 36 (46)
Respiratory
ARDS 60 (39) 25 (34) 35 (44)
Obstructive lung disease 22 (14) 9 (12) 13 (16)
Pneumonia 68 (45) 29 (40) 39 (49)
Renal
Acute kidney injury 64 (42) 33 (45) 31 (39)
Chronic kidney disease 25 (16) 13 (18) 12 (15)
Intermittent/continuous dialysis 20 (13) 8 (11) 12 (15)
Liver cirrhosis 23 (15) 15 (21) 8 (10)
Stroke 14 (9) 7 (10) 7 (9)
Arterial blood gas (N=122)
Ph 7.36 ± 0.12 7.36 ± 0.11 7.36 ± 0.12
PaO2, mmHg 83.3 ± 34.2 84.6 ± 35.9 82.1 ± 32.9
PaCO2, mmHg 40.8 ± 16.7 38.1 ± 13.5 43.4 ± 18.9
Labs
Albumin, g/dL (N=40) 3.0 (2.4, 3.4) 3.1 (2.4, 3.5) 3.0 (2.0, 3.5)
Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL (N=149) 24 (16, 42) 28 (17, 45) 23 (15, 45)
Calcium, mg/dL (N=86) 4.7 (4.5, 5.2) 4.7 (4.5, 5.1) 4.7 (4.5, 5.1)
Creatinine, mg/dL (N=149) 1.0 (0.8, 1.7) 1.1 (0.8, 1.8) 1.0 (0.7, 1.8)
Glucose, mg/dL (N=152) 125 (94, 169) 119 (93, 162) 130 (97, 162)
Hemoglobin, g/dL (N=148) 9.8 (8.3, 11.8) 9.8 (8.0, 12.4) 10.0 (8.4, 12.4)
Lactate, mmol/L (N=96) 2.1 (1.4, 4.5) 2.1 (1.4, 4.7) 1.9 (1.5, 4.7)
Leukocytes, x10(9)/L (N=148) 10.8 (7.1, 16.9) 10.8 (7.6, 17.5) 10.8 (6.6, 17.5)
Sodium, mmol/L (N=149) 137 (134, 141) 136 (133, 141) 138 (134, 141)
International normalized ratio (N=88) 1.4 (1.2, 1.9) 1.4 (1.2, 1.8) 1.4 (1.2, 1.9)
Platelet Count, x10(9)/L (N=130) 163 (77, 249) 135 (63, 241) 176 (93, 255)
Pre-intubation 24-hour fluids (ml) 872 (173, 1969) 866 (95, 1980) 886 (241, 1914)
Pre-intubation cardiac medications 85 (56) 34 (47) 51 (65)
Pre-intubation delirium 36 (24) 19 (26) 17 (22)
Current non-invasive ventilation 60 (39) 25 (34) 35 (44)
Re-intubation 21 (14) 15 (21) 6 (8)
Reason for Intubation
Airway protection 43 (28) 24 (33) 19 (24)
Acute respiratory failure 96 (63) 42 (58) 54 (68)
Neurologic 4 (3) 3 (4) 1 (1)
Shock 6 (4) 2 (3) 4 (5)
Other 3 (2) 2 (3) 1 (1)
Vitals (15 min pre-intubation)
Temperature (C) (N=138) 37.0 ± 1.0 36.9 ± 1.0 37.0 ± 0.9
Heart rate (bpm) (N=152) 100.6 ± 22.0 98.6 ± 22.6 102.4 ± 21.5
Respiratory rate (bpm) (N=151) 26.0 ± 8.0 25.7 ± 8.1 26.3 ± 7.8
SpO2 (%) (N=151) 96.3 ± 3.8 96.4 ± 3.9 99.2 ± 3.8
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) (N=146) 81.8 ± 15.6 82.8 ± 17.9 80.9 ± 13.3
Discharge Diagnoses**
Acute Kidney Injury 72 (47) 38 (52) 34 (43)
Pneumonia 70 (46) 32 (44) 38 (48)
Acute Pancreatitis 4 (3) 1 (1) 3 (4)
Gastrointestinal bleed 6 (4) 5 (7) 1 (1)
ARDS 36 (24) 16 (22) 20 (25)
Acute Heart Failure 2 (1) 2 (3) 0 (0)
Shock 70 (46) 31 (42) 39 (49)
Sepsis 118 (78) 57 (78) 61 (77)
Septic Shock 63 (41) 31 (43) 32 (41)
