18
IDENTIFYING AND ADDRESSING IMPLICATURE OF POLITICIANS’ STATEMENT ON CLIMATE CHANGE FOUND
IN HEADLINE NEWS OF THE JAKARTA POST NEWSPAPER
Rusman Roni [email protected]
Tridinanti Universty Widya Caterine Perdhani
[email protected] Brawijaya University
ABSTRACT.
This study uses qualitative content analysis to examine the statements made by politicians in the Jakarta news headline post Jokowi era, and find out the implicature contained in the statements made by politicians on climate change in Indonesia. The study found that the statements made by these politicians had a high level of consideration of the scientific, social and ethical aspects of climate change and there were many implicature contents. Most importantly, the findings show that many statements refer to the discourse of multidisciplinary climate change discourse.
Based on the findings, this article shows that the categories of implicatures produced in the headline news corpus data of the Jakarta Post climate change can be developed by adopting guided inquiry.
INTRODUCTION
The media have a critical duty as a wellspring of data and suppositions about science and innovation for nationals. Open discernment and states of mind concerning those areas are fundamentally impacted by portrayals of logical learning passed on by the press and different mass methods for correspondence (Corbett & Durfee, 2016). Like some other components of the real world, science is remade and not only reflected in the media.
Portrayals of the world in the media result from a progression of decisions, for example, regardless of whether an issue will make the news, the feature it will be given, and who will represent it. Tasks of codification of the issue into media talks are coordinated by the perceived intrigue and social effect of
a subject and additionally other "news esteems," financial considerations and publication lines.
Noteworthy difficulties are by and by presented to social orders by complex logical issues, for
example, biotechnology,
nanotechnology, and climate change.
This article centers on the last. The case that there is an anthropogenic impact in the atmosphere framework is these days broadly carousing (Watson, Albritton, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, & Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2001). In any case, media portrayals of the issue regularly propose that established researchers are isolated in the center.
In affiliation, numerous parts of
19 climate change governmental issues are intensely challenged. In the social dissemination of the implications related to this issue, the media are a focal field and unquestionably have an influence in molding open and political alternatives. This article will break down digressive portrayals of logical information of climate change and unload the ideological viewpoints that are overwhelming in the Jakarta Post Newspaper especially through the politician statement.
LITERATURE REVIEW
One of the difficulties of climate change instruction is that learning about climate change is profoundly influenced by the media(Svihla &
Linn, 2012) . Thusly, even before beginning class, there might be significant contrasts in the understudies' dimension of understanding with respect to climate change. Another test for climate change training is the unpredictability of the science behind climate change(Svihla & Linn, 2012).
Numerous studies have attempted to explain climate change and implicature in mass media.
Moreover, (Weingart, Engels, &
Pansegrau, 2000) were noticeable indicating the usefulness of distinguishing among the separate discourses on climate change in science, politics, and the mass media.
(Boykoff, 2008) the study found that climate change as issues of „justice and risk‟, with The Sun (and News of the World) particularly representing a small number of climate change. This paper links political geographies with cultural issues of identity and discourse, through claims and frames on climate change in four daily
„working class‟ tabloid newspapers in UK e The Sun (and News of the World), Daily Mail (and Mail on Sunday), the Daily Express (and Sunday Express), and the Mirror (and Sunday Mirror).
The study by (Adger, Barnett, Chapin, & Ellemor, 2011) was to find out The reality of the current global inaction on climate change is, in effect, that neither non-market values associated with changes in places nor the issue of their irreversible loss is incorporated explicitly into climate policies. In effect, decisions are taken that affect places as if their value were zero rather than in a night. Caney makes the case that this set of equity issues around climate change can be framed as the right “not to suffer from dangerous climate change. He argues that climate change impacts jeopardize fundamental interests of individuals in their lives and livelihoods (such as impacts on disease burden, malnutrition, and food security): rights to life, health, and subsistence as a minimum set. (Weingart et al., 2000) research shows that Society (DMG) lent its scientific authority to a joint warning that was more moderate in the predicted effects of climate change and replaced the term “climate catastrophe” with the less dramatic notion of “climate changes.”
Nevertheless, from the time the Working Group issued its original statement, future climate change was labelled a catastrophe, and the term never disappeared from the climate change discourses in the mass media or in politics.
The research found by (Corbett & Durfee, 2016) claim that there is the context treatment produced the highest level of certainty about global warming and differed
20 significantly from the control treatment (with neither context nor controversy) and from the controversy treatment. Furthermore, (Perdhani, 2013) discuss the Implicature Politics and It‟s Pedagogics Implication that found in Jakarta Post and Jawa Pos.
Later, (Tolppanen & Aksela, 2018) study gives insight into what students want to address climate change education and how these questions could be used to improve climate change education.
However, studies on politician implicature statements found in the climate change news were scarce. Thus this studies aims to identifying and addressing political implicature statements found in climate change Headline news of The Jakarta Post.
Accordingly, the following research question is addressed in the present study:
What are the types of political implicature statements about climate change found in Headline News of The Jakarta Post?
METHODS
We collected data from Headline News of The Jakarta Post on the Climate Change topic Newspaper that were written from 8 months in Jokowi Era on July 2017 ,August 2017, September 2017, October 2017, November 2017, December 2017,
February 2018 and October 2018. We also selected the data based on the availability of data. To obtain data for this study, corpus data from the Jakarta Post Headline News produced by the Politician in Jokowi period were selected, then, collected the corpus data to be selected based on types of implicature (fig 1).
We manage to collect 40 News based on the climate change topic in Headline News of The Jakarta Post from 8 months in Jokowi era. We had employed qualitative content analysis to study the language used in the texts.
The data of the study were analyzed using the following procedures as suggested by Miles and Huberman (Qualitative Data Analysis, n.d.). The first step is data reduction. The raw materials (the articles found in the selected volume of the newspaper) were select. The raw material was then paraphrased and summarized. The irrelevant materials were condensate.
The second step was displaying the data. The data selected and paraphrased data were organized and classified in certain categories. The last step was drawing conclusions.
Furthermore, the categories of data are needed in classifying the collected data. There are some steps in categorizing the data. They are 1) to decide which devices that appropriate in interpreting the political implicature, 2) to check the classification of the collected data whether they are complete or not.
21
Figure 1. Adopted from (Qualitative Data Analysis, n.d.) Miles and Huberman 2014
ANALYSIS OF RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
In the aspect of politician implicature statements on climate change aspects, findings for each feature are presented in Table 1.
Table 1
The Specification Aspects of Political Implicature The Specific Aspects of Political
implicature
Categories 1.Conversational,(quality,quantity,
relevant, manner) 2. Conventional
Function 1 Denial
2. Request/apology/warning Degree of politeness 1. Cooperative principle violation
2. White lie
Illocutionary Transparency 1. Covert
2. White lie
Next, more specifically the political implicatures only differ in degree of politeness, illocutionary transparency, and sentence construction.
IMPLICATURE
(Jkt- 3 August 2017)
Alarming level of diaper pollution in Brantas River
Malang Environment Agency head Agoes Edy Poetranto
“Big rivers like the Brantas fall under the jurisdiction the East Java provincial administration. We only deal with smaller rivers,” he said.
Data collection
Data display
Data reduction
Triangulation
Conclusion
22
It can be concluded from the text and context that “We only deal with small rivers” is considered as implicature. The meaning of this implicature can be interpreted that Brantas rivers is not under the responsibility of Malang Environment administration.
As in the text we could conclude that the fuction of language is denial because the representative of Malang Environment Agency mention that only small river is under their responsibility.
(Jkt- 30 August 2017)
BMKG wars of strong winds in Jakarta
“We also warn those who plan to travel on maritime transportation, there could be incidence of high waves,” Harry said
Harry Tirto Djatmiko, agency‟s spokeperson of The Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG)
It can be concluded from the text and context that “there could be incidence of high waves” is considered as implicature. The meaning of this implicature can be interpreted: please do not travel on maritime transportation now.
As in the text we could conclude that the sentence language function is to warn people who want to travel on maritime transportation.
(Jkt- 23 August 2017)
Hot spost spread as dry season looms
Riau Police chief Insp. Gen. Zulkarnain Adinegara. “Once we find someone cultivating in sealed areas, we will take legal action”.
It can be concluded from the text and context that “we will take legal action,” is considered as implicature. The meaning of this implicature can be interpreted: If someone cultivating in sealed areas will be punished by the Riau Police because the impact is very dangerous as dry season looms.
As in the text we could conclude that the sentence language function is to warn .
(Jkt-19 September 2017)
Water resources bill criticized for overlooking groundwater
Center for Regulation, Poilicy and governance (CPRG) director Mohamad Mova Al‟Afghani. “This must be corrected. There is room to further address the drinking water supply system [in the bill]”.
It can be concluded from the text and context that “must be corrected,” is considered as implicature. The meaning of this implicature can be interpreted: the drinking water supply system regulation considered to be wrong.
23
As in the text we could conclude that the language function is denial because the phrase ” must be corrected ” is considered as overt for white lie.
(Jkt-20 october,2017)
Major conference expected to boost Jokowi's land policies
“Outcomes of the 2011 conferences were used as a basis for the Nawa Cita, which was also drafted by environment and social activists.
Maybe that‟s why Jokowi could win the hearts of the public back then,” Hanni Adiati – an expert staff member under Environment and Forestry Minister.
“The draft of the presidential regulation on agrarian reform is also expected to be signed before the end of this year,” said Usep Setiawan , senior adviser on social, cultural and ecological affairs.
It can be concluded from the text and context that “could win the hearts of the public back then,” is considered as implicature. The meaning of this implicature can be interpreted: the the President has done a good job.
As in the text we could conclude that the sentence, ” expected to be signed before the end of this year.” Is considered as an implicature. The meaning are equal to: The draft is already finished.
(Jkt- 21 December 2017)
Indonesia hit by deady landslides, floods in 2017
“This data shows that the capacity response of our society during the disaster had increased significantly,” said Sutopo, BNPB spokesman.
As in the text, we could infer that “the disaster had increased significantly”, is considered implicature. When it is interpreted in explicature, it means Indonesia significantly shows that deady landslides by flood in 2017.
(Jkt-8 february, 2018)
Greater Jakarta braces for more floods
Jakarta Govenor Anies Baswedan, who during his election campaign said he was opposed to evictions, said he had met with the residents along the Ciliwung riverbank.
24
„The plan is to continually talk to the residents, and they have principally agreed. Other steps will be taken, such as measuring (their land) and making an appraisal by inviting a third party. Then we can proceed with the work,‟
Anies said.
As in the text, we could infer that “The plan is to continually talk to the residents, and they have principally agreed”, is considered scalar implicature. When it is interpreted in explicature, it means Jakarta Govenor Anies Baswedan, who during his election campaign said he was opposed to evictions, said he had met with the residents along the Ciliwung riverbank and they agreed the policy.
CONCLUSIONS
This article first diagrams a portion of the basic, instructive, and content difficulties of environmental change training. In light of the Climate System hypothetical structure, we contend that a foundational approach is called for in environmental change instruction. This contention is bolstered by the consequences of this examination, which uncover that understudies make various inquiries that are multidisciplinary in nature.
This variety of inquiries speaks to indistinguishable topics from those identified in the writing as critical for environmental change training. In view of this connection among hypothesis and practice, we contend that understudies ought to be given more chances to investigate answers to their own inquiries through a procedure of educator guided request.
The article likewise features the difficulties associated with reacting to understudies' environmental change questions. One of the principle
challenges is that environmental change is a perplexing issue including natural, social, and political understandings and qualities that are mostly reflected in understudies' inquiries, which frequently address a few distinct perspectives all the while.
Tending to these inquiries requires multidisciplinary instructive methodologies that advance understudy request and frameworks considering. Be that as it may, implementing such methodologies is normally made difficult by the predominant chronicled purposes and structures of educational systems and a present atmosphere of thin responsibility measures. In this manner, to propel environmental change training, more research is required on how governments, princi- buddies, and instructors can help facilitate the strain between old instructive structures and new educational methodologies.
25 REFERENCES
Adger, W. N., Barnett, J., Chapin, F.
S., & Ellemor, H. (2011). This Must Be the Place:
Underrepresentation of Identity and Meaning in Climate
Change Decision-Making.
Global Environmental Politics, 11(2), 1–25.
https://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP_
a_00051
Boykoff, M. T. (2008). The cultural politics of climate change discourse in UK tabloids.
Political Geography, 27(5), 549–569.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polge o.2008.05.002
Corbett, J. B., & Durfee, J. L. (2016).
Testing Public (Un)Certainty of Science: Media
Representations of Global Warming. Science
Communication.
https://doi.org/10.1177/107554 7004270234
Perdhani, W. C. (2013).
IMPLICATURE USED AT THE POLITICS NEWS OF THE JAKARTA POST, JAWA POS NEWSPAPER AND ITS PEDAGOGIC IMPLICATIONS. Erudio Journal of Educational Innovation, 1(2). Retrieved from
http://www.erudio.ub.ac.id/ind ex.php/erudio/article/view/120 Qualitative Data Analysis. (n.d.).
Retrieved from
https://books.google.com/book s/about/Qualitative_Data_Anal ysis.html?id=3CNrUbTu6CsC Svihla, V., & Linn, M. C. (2012). A
Design-based Approach to Fostering Understanding of Global Climate Change.
International Journal of Science Education, 34(5), 651–
676.
https://doi.org/10.1080/095006 93.2011.597453
Tolppanen, S., & Aksela, M. (2018).
Identifying and addressing students‟ questions on climate change. The Journal of
Environmental Education, 49(5), 375–389.
https://doi.org/10.1080/009589 64.2017.1417816
Watson, R. T., Albritton, D. L., Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, &
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Eds.). (2001).
Climate change 2001:
synthesis report. Cambridge ; New York: Cambridge University Press.
Weingart, P., Engels, A., & Pansegrau, P. (2000). Risks of
communication: discourses on climate change in science, politics, and the mass media.
Public Understanding of Science, 9(3), 261–283.
https://doi.org/10.1088/0963- 6625/9/3/304
