Impact Car Free Day For Entrepreneurship Interests Street Vendors In Square Lumajang
Mahirotul Lailiyah1, Sukma Irdiana2, Jesi Irwanto3 STIE Widya Gama Lumajang
Abstact
Activity Car Free Day is a promotional activity to reduce the level of air pollution in large cities.
CFDs are in great demand by the public to earn a living, especially street vendors.This study aims to find out in depth about the entrepreneurial interests of street vendors in the CFD activities in Lumajang Regency Square. Several factors in this study that can Affect street vendors in CFDs include interest factors, social factors, economic factors and accessibility factors. This study uses qualitative methods with a case study approach. The results Showed that CFD had a positive influence on street vendors for entrepreneurship, Square location in the middle of the city made CFD a favorite place for the community to spend time on vacation, crowded visitors who were Likely to Become Consumers made manytraders feel benefited. Also Street vendors have to adapt to the environment such as maintaining good relations between fellow traders and the community that helps curb and find solutions when there are problems between traders such as conflicts between traders in fighting over consumers. The problems faced by street vendors in Lumajang's CFD, the which are weather factors such as rain, make consumers 'Decrease levels and have an impact on traders' income that decreases.
Keywords: Car Free Day, Entrepreneurial interest, Street vendors.
INTRODUCTION
Activity Car Free Day (CFD) or Vehicle Free Day (HBKB) is a promotional activity to reduce the level of air pollution in large cities, where people can enjoy the city environment without smog and create an atmosphere that is clean so that in the course of these activities some access roads will be closed and converted into a festive event.
The formal sector is available for a very limited supply of labor, hiring formal sector must meet some requirement that selectively, including the demands of educational standards and specifications capabilities, hence some people take advantage of the informal sector as an option.
The informal sector is one of them as perpetrators of Micro Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are most often found. SMEs are an alternative for the unemployed who are looking for work. The purpose of the SMEs are looking for an opportunity to earn a living and create a quality product, such as culinary, laundry services, transportation services, and others. Informal sector SMEs are becoming an urban phenomenon, namely hawkers.(Dharmawati, 2016),
Interest in entrepreneurship is a person of interest in starting a business to get the desired results on the degree of risk that will be faced, armed with determination and a strong interest will be the key as an entrepreneur. According to Scarbrough entrepreneur is a person doing a business and are able
to manage to exploit market opportunities to profit(Fahmi, 2014: 2), Thought an entrepreneur must be precise, especially in choosing a business opportunity that is tailored to the capabilities. Business opportunity is a chance to benefit from what has been done by utilizing available resources(Kurniawan & Merliana, 2015: 13),
The mebahas some previous research on entrepreneurship, especially in the informal sector, namely by befallen '(2018) the cause of the existence of street vendors is the regulation of the terminal Krian allow street vendors to sell. Parties interested merchants selling in the terminal Krian Krian terminal that is considered strategic to trade, traders do a good interaction between vendors by helping each other, their community who help order and security vendors, merchants never affect theft so it feels safe and comfortable. Furthermore, according to Irdiana (2017)stated that the activities of the Car Free Day is an opportunity for entrepreneurs to sell goods that are needed by the visitors, the visitors feel the social interaction during the Car Free Day, but social interaction no impact on entrepreneurship.
Researchers interested in examining the interest in entrepreneurship hawkers for CFD activities became the central gathering people with different strata, status, age potential consumers of goods and services provided by street vendors, this event is also an opportunity an entrepreneur to promote his wares. Many types of merchandise being offered this diacara example, in terms of products, namely food, beverages, accessories, and clothing. In terms of the services offered by the rental service and shower-odong odong special children's ball.
METHODS
This study used descriptive qualitative method by using a case study approach. Location of the study took place in the square Lumajang when the car free day activities. Interviews were conducted on six key informant interviews, among others, the chairman of the Environment Agency, chairman of the association PALM, chief coordinator of the community in Jalan Sultan Agung, chief coordinator of the community in the way of Imam Suja'i, chief coordinator of the community in the way of Abu Bakr, head of the community coordinator at the General Sutoyo and 12 key informants are street vendors who sell in CFD Lumajang. Data analysisusing interactive model data analysis component according to Gunawan (2015), among others reduction, a data display, drawing conclusion or vertification.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In connection with the interest in entrepreneurship means pertaining to the needs of someone living in the decision to survive, either for himself or for another person. As a creature of nature, humans have many needs ranging from housing, clothing, and food in order to survive, so in the fulfillment process one must work. As for the factors of interest in entrepreneurship is divided into two:
internal factors and external factors.
Internal factors consist of traders knowledge in entrepreneurship and merchant services to the buyer. Namely knowledge mastery in selling and explaining the benefits of the goods offered traders to buyers. Results of data from informants shows that interest hawkers in Lumajang terms of internal as knowledge traders in entrepreneurship is needed, be it through training, have the skills, and provide maximum service so that visitors interested in buying products sold, as expressed by informant as follows:
... "Perhaps because of the lack of education is also why they are so PKL it be an alternative option, but it's really important for traders to know about knowledge in the trade, which in attracting buyers it's no such thing as competition especially in the CFD, so it should be a lot that practice can be maximized in the buyer ".(Informant # 1)
... "If seen from the knowledge of why interest so it's vendors assortment as well, judging from the lack of education traders ya can, can make a living for the family of the not working".(Informant # 6)
..., "I have just graduated from elementary school ya, so I have limited skills so I sell here make a living".(Informant # 10)
The findings of this study support previous research conducted by Bermanto Joyful befallen '(2018) which states that the factors which berpengeruh to the development efforts of street vendors that have sufficient knowledge and good service to consumers, will develop the business of street vendors.
External factors consist of the location of street vendors selling. The location is a place offering merchandise regardless of public places, where the location is very important in opening a business, especially for street vendors.Results of data from informants shows that interest in Lumajang street vendor in terms of external ie car free day activities is a great event and crowded so it will be a profitable trader. The location selected in the Square Lumajang because it is a large place and it is easier to attract visitors. This was disclosed by the informant as follows:
... "The location is why in the first square that's considered to be close to the town of Lumajang also easier access to visitors who come and Square was also wide so can accommodate more visitors". (Informant # 1)
..., "Traders that's looking for big events such as Harjalu and CFD event this fact there are traders from other areas who sell here come because they hear this festive event and it may be selling here but should be according to the procedure".(Informant # 6)
... "Interested in the square because it was close to home from here first so do not have to go far if selling CFDs also have many visitors miss, advantageous for us all".(Informant # 11)
The findings of this study support previous research conducted by Bermanto Joyful befallen '(2018) which states that the external factors that make street vendors interested in selling that is pursuing a strategy of traders in selling by surver first and most hawkers capital gain their wares using capital alone.
Results of data from informants related to social factors causing the existence of street vendors in the car free day Lumajang The first is motivation. Motivation is an impulse arising from within oneself consciously or unconsciously to act with a certain purpose. The motivation traders can through family, friends, fellow traders and other-lai, as expressed by the informant as follows:
..., "Every trader need motivation to motivation to work or earn a living, whether it's family, those closest to the people and the environment around, we also often hold parties to motivate the socialization of street vendors in this CFD". (Informant # 1)
..., "We are here all the merchants selling definitely need people around who help encourage and motivate in order sesalu motivation to work and this is certainly much needed by the merchant here".(Informant # 5)
..., "Motivation aids husband who also both selling but haberdashery if I was selling women's clothes".(Informant # 17)
The findings of this study support previous research conducted by Suciawati Khusnul Khotimah
reason traders who occupy terminals where as trade since seen the place crowded by shoppers passing by around the terminal Krian and the terminal is very close to the market Krian and adjacent to the highway.
Results of data from informants related to social factors causing the existence of street vendors in the car free day Lumajang second is the relationship between traders, where good relations traders with people around is needed, so in this case need to be holding the socialization of the traders to be more familiar surroundings, especially in attitude among fellow traders. As revealed by the informant as follows:
..., "Our party has always held a socialization every few months so that to provide a view to the street vendors in order to maintain harmony and again there is also helping the community directly on site to direct vendors to no conflict".(Informant # 1)
..., "It should not be selling its provisions dealing eg same-odong odong odong-odong face so it should be rather far apart because of the competition it will cause social jealousy, so traders will always peaceful and get along".(Informant # 2)
..., "Our relationship is good, in harmony and help each other, like each other informed if there are events in the square there are also community right here groub WA so sharing information ya".(Informant # 7)
The findings of this study support previous research conducted by Suciawati Khusnul Khotimah (2018) which states that the social factors that make the attraction of hawkers namely the establishment of inter-dealer can be seen from the way they talked dikala no buyers and mutual help among traders each other and make The traders to choose to trade in Krian terminal and they are reluctant to move into new markets Krian.
Results of data from informants related to social factors causing the existence of street vendors in the car free day Lumajang second is their association. Their community to help in the discipline of traders and seek solutions if problems occur between traders. Comfort and security in the square Lumajang of the community in addition there is also assisted by the municipal police and the Transportation Department. Where a group is required governing party vendors such as discipline and coordinate vendors, as revealed by the informant as follows:
..., "Circle of Friends is one of the parties that govern the proceedings of this CFD, where the community directly organize street vendors in the square is also their community Lumajang is expected to help traders in the discipline of street vendors".(Informant # 1)
..., "yes regulate cleanliness, order, collect a fee and also help PKL here". (Informant # 3)
..., "the community is very helpful order PKL so neatly so that there are new traders can not be arbitrarily occupy the stalls, with their association also avoid clashing fellow traders".(Informant # 8)
The findings of this study support previous research conducted by Suciawati Khusnul Khotimah (2018) which states that the social factors that make the attraction of hawkers namely the community of street vendors was established in 2016 in which his whereabouts are unknown by the merchant lai, but fellow traders can run either by the establishment of a social gathering or forming a group at the time the merchant to visit the sick.
Results of data from informants related to the cause of the presence of street vendors in the car-free day can be seen from an economic point first ie revenue PKL, where CFD is a festive activity so naturally many visitors were able to increase revenues street vendors, as mentioned by the informant as follows:
..., "that's CFD gathering place every week there must be a visitor and the many visitors it will be consumers PKL was definitely not it yes, so revenue PKL certainly more fitting in the CFD when viewed from the level of consumers who will buy ".(Informant # 1)
..., "Yes this is delish selling in CFD miss, turnover was obtained more than on a typical day to sell, of course it's activities were widely attended and definitely buy the products merchants so too much".(Informant # 2)
..., "I have two booths at the car free day, same here in Jalan Sultan Agung. I am here once lucrative revenue from the days used to sell ya if crowded around Rp. 2,000,000 if quiet around Rp.
1,500,000 ".(Informant # 12)
The findings of this study support previous research conducted by Suciawati Khusnul Khotimah (2018) which states that the economic factor in this case is the turnover or income traders are consumers vary depending on daganganya, the size of the powder and quiet the crowded conditions at the time the buyer.
The second economic factors that the costs of street vendors for selling in CFD is the fees. Where every street vendorsjoin a community group then had to pay the fees were deposited or withdrawn by the coordinator of the community of each site, every month, traders must pay the fees of Rp.
5000.00 to the Environment Agency every week while traders also charged different cash in accordance with the coordinators of each community location. As revealed by the informant as follows:
..., "We brought janitor governing environmental hygiene in Square Lumajang also purchase cleaning equipment such as brooms, trash, and other tools, therefore the street vendors who sell in CFD charged a levy every month is Rp 5,000 per person deposited by the community to us, where the money is used for the common good ".(Informant # 1)
... "every Sunday levy fee Rp. 5000 USD. 2000 for hygiene deposited into the Department of Environment and Rp. 3000 for cash is typically used to purchase uniforms community ".(Informant
# 15)
The findings of this study support previous research conducted by Suciawati Khusnul Khotimah (2018) which states that the fees regarding the money cleanliness and safety also vary every trader depending on the size of powder and waste generated, and other costs such as lamps per month, the cost difference levy spending is also seen from freight costs and parking fees talc powder.
Results of data from informants related to accessibility factors cause traders interested in selling on the square that is easy merchants to reach buyers. Lumajang square every week held a car-free day which is always at the center of the community to visit either for sport, recreation or just want menikamti culinary vendors who provided, as revealed by the informant as follows:
..., "On the square in addition to providing facilities for visitors also hold a CFD every week, these activities are utilized vendors to peddle their products, where visitors are present always come every week almost never empty for the various activities carried out during the CFD example as sports activities, gather friends and family, as well as a lot of communities that come ".
(Informant # 1)
..., "Almost every Sunday there is always a visitor here because people come for the sport so PKL is not difficult to reach consumers, tasty and dimudahkanlah with this CFD".(Informant # 2)
..., "In reaching a good buyer always crowded, buyers came for CFD so quite a lot of customers, profitable for us as traders".(Informant # 7)
The findings of this study support previous research conducted by Suciawati Khusnul Khotimah (2018) which states that the height of the buyer as well as the extent of land so as to facilitate traders and shoppers for parking of vehicles is also a location close to the highway makes it easy to reach the buyer, and the buyer is getting access common vehicle for buyers who use public transportation as an access drive.
Table 1. Data Analysis
Number Informant Information
1. Yuli Harismawati Chairman of the Environment Agency 2. Rohman Chairman of the association PALM
3. Kodar Chairman of the community coordinator at Jalan Sultan Agung
4. Tommy Chairman of the community coordinator at the Imam Suja'i
5. Hujen Chairman of the community coordinator at the Abu Bakr
6. Wise Chairman of the community coordinator at the General Sutoyo
7. great Geprek chicken trader and kelepon
8. Firman Grilled sausage merchant
9. Bahuri Traders scrambled egg roll
10. Muhtar traders arbanat
11. Anisa Rahmawati Traders sinom and kencur 12. Roy Isfitriyanto Traders iced tea
13. Kamin Traders ice cream
14. Salim Merchants leases odong-odong
15. Sarmo Traders toys
16. Subahan Ornamental fish traders
17. Endang draper
18. mulyono cigarette vendor
Source: Interview with Informants
CONCLUSION
Factors interest in entrepreneurship hawkers in Lumajang CFD activity seen from internal factors which will affect the level of education a person's mindset, behavior and interaction of a person with the community in activities to support their needs, Traders who had done previous to entrepreneurship training to be more skilled and able to develop their business better. However, internal factors are less effective becauselow level of education hawkers lead traders can not develop the business and its ideas so the service provided to attract consumers less.
While Factors interest in entrepreneurship hawkers in Lumajang CFD activity seen from internal factors are the location of these activities can be said to be effective because it is in downtown and has easy road access makes the square as a favorite place and always crowded with many people never even deserted, Banyaknnya visitors make the most of the surrounding communities Square
creates the opportunity to earn a living as street vendors. Many traders indicates that the CFD is in high demand and high potential in getting a lucrative income, but it also can enjoy festive.
Social factors causing the existence of street vendors in CFD activity can be seen from the motivational factors, the relationship between traders and their associations. Where keberdaan effectiveness of street vendors in the CFD appears when the destination is reached, this means that these factors are closely related to the interest in entrepreneurship hawkers in CFD Lumajang.
When viewed from the motivation that support people around affect interest in entrepreneurship because keinginginan for the happiness of those around him capable of influencing traders, seeing the environmental conditions CFD can also be motivated traders to do more such as looking for ideas that can result from what has never been sold, even hobbies also make someone motivated to trade by using it to produce.
If seen from the relationship between merchants factors namelythe relationship between traders in CFDs is excellent. This is because the fellow traders help each other and provide information on the activities undertaken in Lumajang square so that it can provide a distinct advantage for traders.
Besides helping to become a trader can also add a lot of friends, so traders in selling did not feel tired or bored because it can talk or joke.
Then when seen from their community factors that greatly assist traders in particular in discipline, organize, assist and find solutions to the problems that exist because everyone has a different idea, let alone sell place that there are many traders even with the kind of products that are almost the same and therefore the community find solutions to the problems faced by traders in a group.
Economic factors causing the existence of street vendors in CFD activity can be seen from the factors of income and fees. Where keberdaan effectiveness of street vendors in the CFD appears when the destination is reached, this means that these factors are closely related to the interest in entrepreneurship hawkers in CFD Lumajang. When viewed from the income of traders that each trader has a different income, traders feel disadvantaged because of the presence of many people who become consumers so as to make greater income levels compared to normal days trading. But not every CFD traders will benefit because of the uncertain weather such as rain can reduce the level of income trader for diners present level will be reduced.
Then when seen from factors levy fees to be incurred street vendors every week is not a problem because The money is used for hygiene and security fees are payable to the Environment Agency as well as the cash costs for the benefit of members of street vendors such as buying uniforms and bring in music player for each location meraikan association.
Accessibility factors causing the existence of street vendors in CFD activity is very effective, where the height of CFD is very easy to reach consumers so menguntuntungkan hawkers because the average consumer to come to menikamati event. Car-free day of activities has always been the center of the community to visit either for sport, recreation or just want menikamti culinary vendors who supplied. Many vendors who sell because of the condition of the CFD will be a gathering place for people and can become customers. But when the rain is also a problem in reaching consumers because the trader diners present level will be reduced.
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