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PERSPEKTIF
Available online http://ojs.uma.ac.id/index.php/perspektif
Implementation of The Bantul Traditional’s Market Policy as Empowerment of UMKM Pasca COVID-19 Pandemic
Daffa Aqshal Maulana* & Muhammad Eko Atmojo
Government Science Study Program, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Yogyakarta Muhammadiyah University, Indonesia
Received: December, 26 2022; Reviewed: March, 06 2023; Accepted: March, 22 2023
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to find out how to implement the Bantul Traditional's Market policy as empowerment of UMKM post COVID-19 pandemic. This was done considering the current situation of the transition to post-pandemic COVID-19 which previously had quite a significant impact on the UMKM sector and traditional's markets in Bantul Regency. Therefore, with this policy it is hoped that the government can provide public services to overcome problems that occurred before and prepare for future situations. This study uses qualitative methods using data triangulation. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the implementation of the current policy was in accordance with the indicators of the theory of policy implementation used. It is evident from the program planning and implementation, all of which aim to empower UMKM in the Bantul Traditional's Market. However, there are also obstacles that still occur and have the potential to hinder the smooth implementation of policies, namely the government's response which tends to be slow when problems occur and must wait according to the applicable SOPs. The government is urged to be more responsive in overcoming problems so that the problems that occur do not pile up and cause big problems
Keywords: Bantul Traditional’s Market; Empowerment of UMKM; Policy Implementation; Post COVID- 19 Pandemic
How to Cite: Maulana, D.A., & Atmojo, M.E., (2023). Implementasi Kebijakan Pasar Rakyat Bantul sebagai Pemberdayaan UMKM Pasca Pandemi COVID-19. PERSPEKTIF, 12 (2): 441-448
*Corresponding author:
E-mail: [email protected]
ISSN 2549-1660 (Print) ISSN 2550-1305 (Online)
INTRODUCTION
The current situation in Indonesia is marked by the COVID-19 pandemic. which gives us all lessons in dealing with situations and conditions that occur unexpectedly.
However, recently this has begun to change and is now showing a positive trend.
As in research (Setyoko et al., 2021) states that standards are needed in providing services that can adjust so that public services continue to run optimally even though they are in a transitional situation towards post- pandemic COVID-19. Basically, each local government is trying to make adjustments so that they can improve the delivery of public services, one of which is Bantul Regency, which is carried out by the Office of Cooperatives, Small and Medium Enterprises, Industry and Trade, namely in terms of empowering MSMEs through people's markets in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era. .
Research (Hadiwardoyo, 2020) states that the results of a study from the Ministry of Finance are the economic impact of the COVID- 19 pandemic according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) causing the global economy to minus 3%. In addition, Indonesia, which was previously expected to experience economic growth in 2022 with a target of 5.3%, only touched 2% due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic situation also had a negative impact on MSMEs as in (Qurrata et al., 2022) according to the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs there were serious impacts experienced by around 37 thousand MSMEs. This happened marked by a decrease in sales figures of 56%, capital and cost problems 22%, distribution of goods 15%, and difficult acquisition of raw materials 4%.
In 2019, there were 250 thousand MSMEs located in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) Province and around 62 thousand were in Bantul Regency or around 26%. Furthermore, the Regional Government of Bantul Regency conducted a data review regarding the number of MSMEs. The results of temporary data reached around 48 thousand and around 24 thousand MSME actors who had been recorded by name in each district.
The majority of MSMEs in Bantul Regency are in the field of wholesale and retail trade, food and beverage providers, and vehicle repair. The trade sector is feeling the direct
impact of the COVID-19 pandemic because it has experienced reduced demand from consumers. This is reinforced by research (Suharson, 2020) which states that there are around 72.6% of MSMEs in Bantul Regency experiencing problems in terms of decreased income, capital and performance due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The biggest obstacle experienced was in terms of marketing, touching the figure of 59.05%. Another obstacle experienced was the bill by touching 29.30%. During the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a reduction in the income earned by MSME players, so that paying electricity bills, places of business, and so on could not be fulfilled optimally. In the end, many MSME actors borrow funds to keep MSMEs moving. As a result, debts arose which piled up and became an obstacle with calculations reaching 26.59% (Prasetyo et al., 2020).
MSMEs in Bantul Regency apart from moving independently are also a unit within the scope of the people's market. In accordance with the Regional Regulation of Bantul Regency Number 9 of 2021 Concerning People's Market Management, a people's market is a place of business built for economic activity by bargaining.
In addition, the people's market has a function, namely as a service provider to the community in carrying out economic activities.
On the other hand, the people's market also has a function, namely as a means of preserving local culture which aims to support economic activity as well as a venue for the promotion of the people's market itself (Putra, 2021).
One of the main drivers of the economy in Bantul Regency is the people's market. About 14% of the people in Bantul Regency rely on the people's market to live (Ardhiansyah et al., 2022). The economic activities in the Bantul People's Market can support around 48 thousand people with registered traders touching 11,186 people and when combined with traders who have not been registered it reaches 12 thousand people (Suharson, 2020).
One of the impacts felt by the people's market is the decrease in the level of public purchases which results in decreased revenue earned by traders, thereby affecting the receipt of market retribution receipts received by local governments. In addition, the massive spread of the virus occurred due to lack of market
cleanliness and inadequate facilities (Fitriawan, 2021).
This affects the comfort of the people who visit the people's market and affects the existence of the people's market itself. A number of people's markets in Bantul need renovation and maintenance. The drainage system and market maintenance are two aspects that must be carried out to develop this economic center (Widiyanti & Susanti, 2021).
In a scientific work, of course, it requires a review of previous studies to provide views and considerations regarding the relevance of the topic presented. In writing the following journals, several literature studies are used in order to be able to provide discussion limitations from previous authors.
Research that is in line with this scientific work is research (Kharisman & Atmojo, 2021) which focuses on the role of local government (policy making) as an effort to alleviate the impact of MSMEs that have occurred as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, in research (Ardhiansyah et al., 2022) which focuses on people's markets that are able to influence economic growth as well as the existence of these people's markets can be a tool to support economic, social and cultural activities.
Considering these relevant phenomena, this scientific work will use a combination of these two variables. The difference is that previous research focused on the government in empowering MSMEs and the existence of people's markets during the COVID-19 pandemic, while this scientific work focuses on the implementation of the Bantul People's Market policy as MSME empowerment after the COVID-19 pandemic..
RESEARCH METHODS
Commonly, in a research use those methods to get the desired result. This scientific work uses a qualitative approach and descriptive research methods. While the way to obtain data sources is by analyzing data based on literature studies, government data and conducting interviews with the Office of Cooperatives, Small and Medium Enterprises, Industry and Trade of Bantul Regency, People's Market Managers, MSME actors and the community. To carry out data validation, this scientific work will use data triangulation so that to obtain the final result several stages
have been carried out, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This section of the discussion will embody the results obtained regarding the Implementation of the Bantul People's Market Policy as the empowerment of MSMEs after the COVID-19 Pandemic. This scientific work uses measures through indicators of policy implementation from Merilee S. Grindle which are divided into two variables.
A. Content of Policy
1. Interest Affected (interests that influence)
The background for the formulation of the Bantul People's Market management policy is stated in the Bantul Regency Regional Regulation Number 9 of 2021, namely the people's market exists because it is one of the many supporting components of the economy that has a vital role in efforts to improve community public services so as to improve people's welfare can be achieved. On the other hand, the embodiment of the people's market is designed to dare to compete with the modern market so that professionalism is required in managing it. Then, to create an atmosphere of populist economic activity, a law is needed to regulate it all.
The objectives of preparing the policy for Bantul Regency Regional Regulation Number 9 of 2021 are as follows:
o build a competent and professional People's Market management system in order to realize the creation of an orderly, clean, safe, comfortable, healthy and just People's Market in a gradual and sustainable manner.
o Realizing a People's Market that dares to compete and does not cover technological developments
o Maintain economic stability in an area and as an effort to increase people's income for their welfare
o increasing the role of the People's Market itself as a more productive economic component and as a place to maintain social culture
o provide protection and empowerment of all elements of economic activity in the People's Market
This background and objectives indirectly show that the situation and condition of the People's Market which occurred as a result of the COVID-19
pandemic was very messy so that the people's market became one of the many economic components that were affected. The people's market, which is actually a place for community gatherings to carry out social interactions and economic activities, becomes quiet and tends to not occur activity. This causes the interests to be achieved in compiling the policy.
2. Type of Benefit (type of benefit)
a. Increased economic activity and a form of cultural preservation
The existence of the COVID-19 pandemic has had a very bad impact on the economy, especially at the Bantul People's Market.
Therefore, with the emergence of this policy, it is hoped that it will be able to provide previously targeted benefits, namely to increase economic activity as well as become a vehicle for preserving local culture.
b. Increasing the digitization of MSMEs in people's markets
Apart from having a very bad impact on the economy, the existence of the COVID-19 pandemic also requires people to adapt to the latest situations and conditions. At that time, face-to-face meetings were not possible, so everything was shifted online. Therefore, the government is also taking the same action to help improve the economy by encouraging the digitization of MSMEs in the Bantul People's Market, namely:
o Encouraging MSMEs in people's markets to carry out economic activities in online marketplaces. The goal is for SMEs to get increased sales.
o Encouraging MSMEs to get used to going online by means of the E-Retribution program or withdrawing market retribution online. The benefit for MSME players is that they don't need to come to the nearest bank and deposit it with the market manager to deposit fees, but can do it when they are busy. In addition, the program is provided to make it easier for MSME actors as well as people's market managers and local governments to receive retribution into one door.
c. Physical changes in the people's market for the better
The existence of the COVID-19 pandemic limits people from meeting face to face and means that there is no economic activity in people's markets. This resulted in the people's market being quiet for MSME actors
and the community so that the people's market was neglected for some time. The moment when it was neglected resulted in a lot of physical damage that occurred such as leaking roofs, damaged waterways, shabby buildings and so on. Therefore, with the presence of this policy, it provides physical changes to the building at the people's market and organizes it more neatly.
3. Extent of Change Envision
In accordance with the orders of the Minister of Trade and Regional Government, namely encouraging citizens to be more active in managing as well as publicizing people's markets so as to increase economic activity.
Therefore, two programs are being worked on to bring about change, namely physical revitalization and social revitalization.
a. Physical revitalization
The physical revitalization carried out is in the form of maintaining the market building so that it is more level. With small renovations in each market, it's not only for traders who sell there, but for the convenience of the people who will carry out economic activities in the market. Apart from that, the people's market is also prepared to attract people who come to this market to feel more comfortable that the market is better organized so as to bring convenience to traders and the public. It is hoped that more and more people will visit and transact in the market.
b. Social revitalization
Social revitalization is carried out in the form of encouraging traders to increase their capacity. In the social revitalization that was carried out, namely encouraging several people's market traders in Bantul to be directed and equipped to take advantage of online sales.
Activities that have been carried out include teaching traders how to take attractive product photos, how to write selling captions, and how to promote their sales on online shopping media.
In addition, what the government has done is in an effort to encourage people's market traders to maintain their existence by providing socialization regarding online/e- retribution collection. The government is working with BANK BPD DIY to make it easier to realize e-retribution which has the aim of encouraging the community of traders in people's markets to realize effective, efficient, accountable and measurable retribution
payments. In addition, the existence of e- retribution can realize the implementation of transactions that are accurate, fast, safe, effective, transparent and accountable so as to prevent acts of corruption that are against the law and make it difficult for them to occur.
The government encourages people's market traders to change the function of the manual method to a modern method of payment of fees. This activity was carried out considering many factors such as the lack of human resources to collect fees, extreme situations and conditions such as the COVID-19 pandemic and so on as well as the massive technology that requires all community entities to adapt to it so that the manual method is no longer effective for use.
4. Site of Decision Making
Decision making in the preparation of this policy is a derivative and follow-up of several regulations from the central government, namely from the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 17 of 2020 concerning Healthy Markets and Regulation of the Minister of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia No. 23 of 2021 concerning Guidelines for Development, Arrangement and Development of Centers Shopping and Supermarkets.
Therefore, considering this derivative policy, the Regional Government of Bantul Regency responded by preparing actors and institutions that are in line with this. The role of the Department of Trade as an internal actor as well as a local government institution which is used as a reference in formulating these policies is supported by capable actors and institutions.
Indirectly, this phenomenon shows that there is a hierarchy of derivatives from above, namely the center which provides direction in the form of legislation to be implemented in each region with its authority. Therefore, this policy is a very strong policy legally and legally it must be implemented because it has passed several previous directives.
5. Program Implementor
Based on the findings found through secondary data and observations found an example of the form of SOP regulated in the SK regarding the implementation of the imposition of market levies and taxes in Bantul Regency in 2021. objective.
Another finding that was found by researchers in their efforts to implement the program was contained in the annual target set by the local government. Indirectly it shows that the program implementers are serious in carrying out their policies as evidenced by the targets to be achieved each year.
6. Resources Committed
One of the resources, be it human or other resources that are applied in implementing the people's market policy that runs in Bantul Regency, is stated in the Bantul Regency Regional Regulation regarding the Management of People's Markets, it is stated that in the context of implementing people's market management, it is carried out by regional apparatuses in accordance with the field that handles namely the Trade Facilities Sector which is a unit with the Office of Cooperatives, Small and Medium Enterprises, Industry and Trade of Bantul Regency.
Indirectly, the statement stated that the trade facilities sector is responsible for implementing the management of the Bantul People's Market. In addition, the implementation of professional people's market management is also regulated in Government Regulation Number 29 of 2001 concerning Implementation of the Trade Sector Article 72 paragraph (2) letter b which reads that people's market management can be carried out in collaboration between BUMN, the private sector, and/or cooperatives in accordance with show regional apparatus.
B. Content of Implementation
1. Power, Interest and Strategi of Actor Involved
The interests of the Trade Facility Sector of the KUKMPP Office of Bantul Regency are fully responsible for the management and implementation of the Bantul People's Market policy for people's market traders because this has been legally regulated by law.
In addition, several strategies were found to be carried out by the Trade Facility Sector from the results of field observations and interviews in the form of an annual program to implement people's market policies. The following are some of the programs that have been implemented namely:
a. Market Management Training
It is undeniable that people's perception of the People's Market today has more
negatives than good. The most frequent criticisms leveled at the market are the traders who are not organized, the market atmosphere is unclean, and the facilities are inadequate. One of the factors causing the decline in the number of businesses and the number of customers coming to the people's market is the community's assessment of market conditions, as discussed earlier.
In addition to the physical condition that has become a complaint by some members of the public, the internal management of the market management section has also not been successful, among other things:
a) Complaints of damage to physical facilities cannot be responded quickly due to budget constraints and procedural rules
b) The aspect of structuring and fostering traders cannot be carried out optimally because several markets that have not e- retribution have focused market managers on carrying out retribution withdrawals.
Related to this phenomenon, both market environmental quality issues and market internal problems, one of the urgent ways to implement is to improve market management activities. Manager training participants with a total of 100 participants were market managers, cleaners, security officers, revolving fund officers, retribution collectors and staff of the Trade Facility Sector of the KUKMPP Service, Bantul Regency.
b. APPSI Assistance
The aim of the APPSI Assistance Program is to submit or review the Bantul Regency Regional Regulation Number 21 of 2018 concerning the Implementation of People's Markets, Supermarkets and Shopping Centers for APPSI Managers and Market Managers.
Where can you find the guidelines governing the use of stalls and stalls in the People's Market? At the People's Market, it is hoped that the APPSI management will become a pioneer as well as a reporter in the regional regulation implementation process. In this case, the APPSI Management serves as a model for practicing the norms governing the management of people's markets and then communicating these regulations to various market players. In the event that there is a report, the APPSI management must play an active role in communicating any irregularities that occur at the People's Market to the authorized officials.
c. Surveillance of People's Market SNI The People's Market SNI Surveillance Program is carried out to strengthen the consistent level of people's market managers in an effort as a certificate requirement which includes several activities. The activities are namely:
a) Review activities related to market facilities and infrastructure
b) The activity of taking data and information from the phenomenon of the buying and selling process in the market
c) Audit activities of the market management management system
This program activity is carried out at least once in the certification period, which is a period of 12 months after certification is established.
d. Print Media Publications
The print media publication program was carried out through Radar Jogja which aired on October 25, 2021 by broadcasting vaccination results at the people's market as an effort for the Trade Facility Sector of the Bantul Regency KUKMPP Service to create markets that are safe to visit during the COVID-19 pandemic because the protocol for major traders has been vaccinated and available adequate health protocol facilities in each market. On November 29, 2021 aired advertisements for superior culinary products in various people's markets, including the Bantul Market, Ngipik Market, Janten Market, Gumulan Market, and Pundong Market.
e. Market Promotion
The market promotion program aims as a means to introduce and promote people's markets in Bantul Regency. With market promotion, it is hoped that it can maintain the existence of the people's market and attract the attention of the public so that they want to come to carry out economic activities at the people's market in Bantul Regency. The form of market promotion carried out by the Trade Facility Sector of the KUKMPP Office of Bantul Regency was in the form of billboard maintenance at Piyungan Market, Imogiri Market, Mangiran Market, and Turi Market.
Maintenance of billboards in the form of strengthening the upper frame and repairing it, replacing market promotion content.
f. Imitation and Regime Characteristic In accordance with the results of observations as well as documentation, it was
found that the characteristics of institutions and authorities in this policy can be seen through the duties of implementers in the field.
The duties of the executors are as follows:
a) utilization of the market and its environment
b) maintenance of market facilities and infrastructure
c) withdrawal of fees
d) cleaning and waste management e) security and order
f) parking g) fire fighting h) calibration i) promotion j) partnership
In addition, the government and people's market managers said that they always provide space for aspirations for the community, especially traders in people's markets to convey what they complain about and so on..
g. Compliance and Responsiveness
The findings from the interview results regarding the response from the government as the executor are as follows:
“It is our duty to implement, be responsible as well as oversee the implementation of the people's market.
Apart from that, we always hold meetings with market traders to deliver programs and accommodate their complaints.”
In line with this, the management of the People's Market also made the same statement.
The following are the results of interviews that discuss response and compliance:
“The traders here are always supported by the government, such as when the initial revitalization moved to the current location, the traders were enthusiastic about moving from the old location to the new location.”
Other statements were also made by other people's market managers. The following is the result of an interview with him:
“Traders at Pundong Market support all programs from the government, for example the e-retribution program. Even though e- retribution has not been implemented at Pundong Market, traders are ready, it's just a matter of time.”
This statement indirectly shows that traders as policy objects support any program from the government, but the government seems slow in responding to this because the
government has to carry out what has been set from the start. So to achieve the desired target requires a longer decided.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the research and discussion that has been carried out, a red thread can be drawn that the conclusion from the implementation of the Bantul People's Market policy as MSME empowerment after the COVID-19 pandemic is only strong in terms of policy content variables because the indicators have been fulfilled and well implemented.
However, the implementation environment variable is not strong enough because there are still implementations that are not going well and are still having problems in their implementation due to the executors. It is evident that several indicators have not been implemented properly as a result of policy implementers who tend to be slow. This shows that the implementation environment variable is not strong enough and can influence policy implementation efforts.
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