Thesis Title: "The Implementation of Indonesia Art and Culture Scholarship as Indonesia's Cultural Diplomacy towards Timor-Leste under President Joko Widodo Administration. Keywords: Soft Power, Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy, Indonesia Art and Culture Scholarship, Indonesia Channel, Timor-Leste.
Background of Study
In the implementation, IACS is under the auspices of Directorate General of Information and Public Diplomacy Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Indonesia. 6 Dialogue and Timor-Leste is there as one of the member countries (Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Indonesia, 2017).
Problem Identification
The dynamic relations between these two countries due to Timor-Leste separation from Indonesia in 2002 affects the relations between two countries. Since two countries have many similarities, culture was chosen as the tool to improve the nation's image of Indonesia in Timor-Leste by the IACS itself.
Statement of Problem
The wealth and diversity of Indonesia in culture, which is a potential asset for cultural diplomacy to occur is the reason for the writer's decision in choosing the topic of implementing the Indonesian Art and Culture Scholarship in Timor-Leste. The period 2015-2018 is chosen because it is under the administration of President Joko Widodo and the rest of the year can hopefully shed light on how IACS takes a role in Indonesia's cultural diplomacy practice in Timor-Leste.
Research Objectives
The existence of IACS will hopefully be able to introduce Indonesian culture to East Timorese and strengthen the image of the Indonesian nation as the country's closest brother, as the President of Indonesia said in his speech. 9 as Indonesia's cultural diplomacy towards East Timor during the period under President Joko Widodo.
Significance of Study
Definition of Terms
Theoretical Framework
- Soft power
- Public Diplomacy
- Cultural diplomacy
Cultural diplomacy can be considered a crossroads between public diplomacy and international cultural relations. It becomes the reason for the definition of cultural diplomacy as a subset of public diplomacy (Kim, 2017) as it tries to cultivate cultural understandings with a government's collective efforts to gain credibility and trust.
Research Framework
Since two countries used to be under one name, there are similarities in various aspects and one of them is culture. The Indonesian government aims to win the minds and hearts of the people of Timor-Leste through Indonesian beautiful culture so that the image of the Indonesian nation will be improved and the bad memories of the past between two countries will be forgotten.
Literature Review
This journal helps the reader understand the relationship between public diplomacy and cultural diplomacy. Referring to previous research, the author of this journal concludes that cultural diplomacy is the new subgroup of new public diplomacy.
Scope and Limitations
Indonesia Art and Culture Scholarship (IACS) program is an implementation of public diplomacy in Indonesia under MOFA. The data and information used in the implementation of the Indonesian Art and Culture Fair towards East Timor started from 2015 as it is under President Joko Widodo until 2018.
Research Methodology
25 and Culture Scholarship towards Timor-Leste as the implementation of cultural diplomacy to promote Indonesian culture and improve the image of the nation. The time frame up to 2018 is appropriate to review the recent implementation and results of cultural promotion activities in IACS.
Thesis Structure
The scholars' thoughts are then used as reference in supporting the author's argument in the process of dissertation. Journal is usually published regularly and uses theory to explain the issue discussed in the journal which helps the writer of this thesis to understand the topic related to this thesis.
- Country Profile of Timor-Leste
- Country Profile of Indonesia
- Separation of Timor-Leste from Indonesia
- Indonesia- Timor-Leste Relations after the Separation
The second chapter of this research explains the overview of bilateral relations between Indonesia and Timor-Leste. This chapter explains the profile of Timor-Leste and also gives an understanding on the history of relations between the two countries, which resulted in cooperation in various fields of cultural diplomacy of the sector and Indonesia towards Timor-Leste.
Legal Foundations of Indonesia Art and Culture Scholarship (IACS) as Indonesia
- Law Number 37 of 1999 regarding Foreign Relations (State Gazette of the
- Presidential Regulation number 56 of 2015 regarding Ministry of Foreign
- Ministerial of Foreign Affairs Regulation number 02 of 2016 regarding
Citing a statement from Al Busyra Basnur, Director of Public Diplomacy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia, Indonesian Arts and Culture. This regulation provides a clear explanation of the scope of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs' obligations as one of the state officials in the management of Indonesia's foreign relations and foreign policy. The decree stipulated that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the ministry responsible for foreign relations and foreign policy, and in its implementation is subordinate to the President of the Republic of Indonesia (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia, 2010).
48 (e) implementation of substantive support of all organizational units within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and representatives of the Republic of Indonesia; (f) promoting and providing administrative support within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the representatives of the Republic of Indonesia; g) implementation of education and training abroad; (h) management of state property/assets under the responsibility of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the representatives of the Republic of Indonesia; and (i) supervision of the performance of duties in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Representative of the Republic of Indonesia.”. The State Department, as a president-appointed state official, has several functions responsible for foreign relations and foreign policy. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs consists of: (a) the General Secretariat; (b) Directorate-General for Asia-Pacific and Africa; (c) the Directorate General of America and Europe; (d) Directorate-General for ASEAN Cooperation; e) Directorate-General for Multilateral Cooperation; (f) Directorate-General for Law and International Agreements; (g) Directorate-General for Information and Public Diplomacy; (h) Directorate-General for Protocol and Consular Affairs; (i) General Inspection; (j) Policy Evaluation and Development Office; (k) expert political, legal and security personnel; (l) expert economic diplomacy personnel; (m) expert staff for social, cultural and empowering Indonesian society abroad; (n) expert inter-agency relations personnel; and (o) skilled personnel in management.”.
Indonesia's public diplomacy including strategy and activities are under the responsibility of the Directorate of Public Diplomacy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia.
Background of Indonesia Art and Culture Scholarship (IACS)
- The Emergence of Indonesia Art and Culture Scholarship (IACS)
- Indonesia Strategic Interests in Timor-Leste
- Economical Interests
- Political Interest
- Security Interest
Since the Indonesian Art and Culture Scholarship was given to one of the East Timor recipients, this is a tactical move by Indonesia to show deep regret for human rights violations in the past (Rhoda Margesson, 2009). In addition to the background of historical relations between the two countries, Indonesia has other national interests in East Timor as described below. As a neighboring country with strong historical ties, Indonesia sees East Timor as a brotherly country.
But Indonesia sees East Timor's membership in ASEAN as a means to help the country develop (Padden, 2011). Indonesia and East Timor are two countries with long historical relations in the past as East Timor used to be the youngest province of Indonesia. After the separation of East Timor from Indonesia, the border between two countries becomes one of the biggest problems.
Indonesian negotiators insist the border lies in the Noelbesi River, which would shrink Timor-Leste's territory.
Brief Explanation of Indonesia Art and Culture Scholarship
Indonesia Art and Culture Scholarship General Information
- The Selection Process of Indonesia Art and Culture Scholarship
- Indonesia Art and Culture Scholarship 2015
- Indonesia Art and Culture Scholarship 2016
- Indonesia Art and Culture Scholarship 2017
- Indonesia Art and Culture Scholarship 2018
There are several series of events before the final performance of the awardees in the Indonesian Channel Night (Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Indonesia, 2017). Meanwhile, in the Rumata Art Center Makassar, the awardees learned about Pakarena dance, Ta'rin Pungang and Il Music and Indonesian language. The awardees who were dispersed to the Semarandana Art Center Bali learned Garuda Wisnu Kencana dance, Janger song, Gamelan Bali and Indonesian language.
Di Sofyani Art Center yang berlokasi di Padang, para penerima beasiswa belajar tari Manggaro, Tari Piring, Musik Tak Tong Tong dan Bahasa Indonesia. Di Rumata Makassar Art Center, para penerima beasiswa belajar simula Tari Kajajiang, Tari Pondok Lempongan, Musik Mappadendang dan Bahasa Indonesia (Kementerian Luar Negeri RI, 2017). Sementara itu di Pusat Kesenian Semarandana di Bali, para penerima beasiswa belajar Gamelan Bali (termasuk Kendang, Gjini dan Suling), tari Janger, Tari Ramayana dan Bahasa Indonesia.
The conclusion of the IACS program is the Indonesian channel, where all awardees perform what they have learned for three months at the art center.
The Analysis of Indonesia Art and Culture Scholarship Program Implementation
Request Secretary-General of the United Nations to propose a constitutional framework governing a special autonomy for East Timor in the Republic of Indonesia that takes into account through direct voting;. The Government of the Republic of Indonesia is taking constitutional steps for regional autonomy of Timor-Leste. Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste on the establishment of the Truth and Friendship Commission.
Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the Government of the Democratic Republic of East Timor on Youth and Sports Cooperation. Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the Government of the Democratic Republic of East Timor on Human Resource Development 6 Jakarta, 28 June. Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the Government of the Democratic Republic of East Timor on Business Investment, Connectivity, Capacity Building and Education.
IACS in implementation is under the auspices of the Public Diplomacy Directorate of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia and it is designed to give the youth of East Timor the opportunity to learn Indonesian arts and culture and also experience mutual understanding despite the diversity in culture that Indonesia had. The positive image of Indonesia is mainly enhanced by this given Indonesian art and culture scholarship to Southwest Pacific member states including East Timor, according to the result of 2002 Southwest Dialogue Meeting led by the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia Dr. Indonesia Art and Culture Scholarship (IACS) is Indonesia's real action in the implementation of cultural diplomacy to East Timor through the use of culture as a medium to connect people to people and promote Indonesian culture.
87 cultural cooperation between member countries in which Timor-Leste is there as one of the member countries (Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Indonesia, 2017). This goal became Indonesia's reason for choosing East Timor as one of the beneficiary countries of the IACS program.
