5 (1) (2022) 48-53
Journal of Curriculum Indonesia
http://hipkinjateng.org/jurnal/index.php/jci
Implementation of Learning Strategies to Improve Education Quality Management in Indonesia
Elly Zarnie Lubis, Masduki Ahmad Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia
Info Articles
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Keywords:
Policy Implementation, Learning Strategy, and Quali- ty of Education
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Abstract
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Globalization This is a fact that all countries have to face. To have high competitiveness, human resources in a country must improve the quality of its human resources. Quality Human Resources can only be formed if there is an increased quality of education. Total Quality Management (TQM) in education is built from various factors, including creating excellent and conducive learning and teaching atmosphere to produce outputs in line with expectations. Creating an enjoyable learning atmosphere for students cannot be separated from policies in choosing appropriate learning strategies and methods. The method in this research is descriptive qualitative. The sources taken are from scientific books that have been published to be reference material.
e-ISSN 2549-0338
Journal of Curriculum Indonesia 5 (1) (2022) INTRODUCTION
Globalization or the free market is a fact all countries must face that. With free trade, national boundaries are blurred. Local business actors will compete with international class business actors.
Small business activists will meet the world's giant companies. This fact is undoubtedly a threat to poor countries and developing countries who are not mentally prepared and weak in the economy.
Foreign workers with various skills will go head to head with local workers. Those who have the capacity and capability, and creativity, will survive while those who do not have adequate abilities will be eliminated by themselves. This globalization forces a country to improve the quality of its human resources. Because with the increase in human resources,
For Indonesia, improving human resources is a crucial and urgent matter. Education is the most appropriate means to produce superior human resources. What kind of education can have to make created an output? Of course, quality education. Quality education is obtained by improving educational facilities and infrastructure and all components directly involved and education, such as teachers.
According to Dewey, education forms understanding, attitudes, and behavior in social life.
Meanwhile, according to Phil Crosby, quality is conformity to established standards. Thus, quality education understanding, attitudes, and behavior in social life by predetermined criteria.(Sulaiman, 2015)
Many factors determine the achievement of quality education, one of which is a good learning process(Disdikpora, 2021). Sadiman and his colleagues said that learning is a complex process that happens to everyone that lasts until the end of life. This process starts from this person still in the cradle until the end of his life(Sadiman, Arief, 1986). Meanwhile, according to Warsita, learning is an effort to get students to learn, or in another language, learning is an activity to teach students(Warsita, 2008). Meanwhile, according to Arief Sadirman, learning is a planned learning process that occurs in students to achieve goals.
According to Meger, learning aims is to increase the students' ability by showing the desired performance. (Sadirman, 1996). As for Law no. 20, learning is a process of interaction of students with educators and learning resources in a learning environment(RI, 2003). This interaction process aims to achieve at a certain level of competence that students can do. (Sumiati and Asra, 2019).
Educators (teachers) have an essential role in the interaction process. In addition to other factors such as curriculum, environment, and others, teacher and student factors are the most critical factors. Teachers are expected to have the right way or model of teaching for their students. Teacher competence in the learning process needs to be improved considering that teachers or educators, as people involved in education, have qualified and capable qualities as learning agents.
Before implementing the teaching and learning process, a teacher has prepared a learning plan (Kia Kedang, 2021). This stage is called the preparation stage. In the preparation stage, both the teacher and the students learn(Suardi, 2018). This preparation includes choosing what media is suitable and what method to use to make the learning process fun. This fun learning process is expected to improve the quality of learning outcomes.
The pandemic that hit made learning that originally used face-to-face offline has turned online. Through circular letter Number 4 of the year dated March 17, 2020, the government decided to carry out the teaching and learning process through distance learning. (Kemendikbud, 2020).
Both teachers and students face a new chapter in education.
After more than a year has passed, online learning continues to be problematic. As determinants of learning success, they must develop their abilities and choose the right strategy to create a fun learning process.
Journal of Curriculum Indonesia 5 (1) (2022) METHODS
The author's method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. In case descriptive research aims to implement learning strategy policies to improve education quality management.
And the sources taken are from scientific books that have been published to be reference material.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
TQM And Learning Strategies
Quality management in education, or Total Quality Management (TQM), is a philosophy of continuous improvement to meet its customers' expectations, desires, and needs. TQM is a significant component in improving the quality of education. By fulfilling the needs and expectations of education customers, it will produce output in alumni who are competent and ready to face globalization. The success of TQM starts with holistic planning. Planning is carried out to obtain effective learning strategies to get maximum learning outcomes.
The strategy used in the military world. (Asrori, 2013)Strategy, which comes from Latin, means the art of planning to achieve goals. Meanwhile, Gerlach & Ely (1980) stated that learning strategy is a method used in delivering material in a learning environment that can provide various learning experiences for students.
Meanwhile, according to Suparman, strategy in learning combines several activities, organizing materials, and others used in the learning process to achieve learning objectives.
(Suparman, 2001). When viewed in general, it is a series of activity plans using specific methods and utilizing existing resources and potential in learning. This strategy includes several things, including procedures, form, approaches, and learning techniques.
The functions of learning strategies, among others, as a concoction in developing teaching materials. Second, as an evaluation tool for teaching materials. Third, as a formula for revising teaching materials, and fourth as a reference framework for learning planning.
From the several functions of learning strategies above, using the learning process can be well organized because strategies are used not only for planning learning but also as tools for revising and evaluating learning.
The technical implementation of the learning strategy is done by learning methods. According to Hasibuan & Moeljiono, the technique is part of the device and a way of implementing teaching and learning strategies(Moedjiono, 2012). Meanwhile, Warsita said that the learning method is a method that educators can use in conveying messages to students to achieve learning objectives(Warsita, 2008)
Because strategy is the art of planning, the existing learning strategy is not static. Learning strategies continue to develop along with situations and conditions.
Learning Strategies and Methods
Some learning strategies that can be done by educators(Sanjaya, 2016)among others are:
1. Expository Learning Strategy
This strategy emphasizes the process of delivering lessons orally. Appropriate methods for this strategy include demonstration and lecture methods.
1. Inquiry Learning Strategy
This strategy is a series of learning activities that focus on the analytical and critical thinking process to find answers to the problems asked. This process is usually done by asking questions between the teacher and the students. The correct method when using this strategy is the
Journal of Curriculum Indonesia 5 (1) (2022) 1. Problem Based Learning Strategy
This strategy is a series of learning activities with a focus on the process of solving problems in scientific ways. The teacher can use Problem-solving and discussion methods.
1. Learning Strategies for Improving Thinking Skills
This strategy focuses on students' thinking ability. In this case, the teacher will be guide students to find the concepts. The method used for this strategy is the method of discussion, question and answer, and experiments.
1. Cooperative Learning Strategy
This strategy is a teaching and learning activity carried out by students in special groups to achieve learning objectives. Task and experiment methods. As well as field trips can be used which can be used for this strategy.
1. Contextual Learning Strategies
This strategy is a learning concept that connects learning materials and situations in the real world to spur students to formulate the link between knowledge and reality in everyday life.
Demonstration methods and socio-drama can be used in this strategy.
7. Affective Learning Strategy
This strategy discusses values that are difficult to measure. This strategy is because it concerns the awareness that grows in students. The teacher can use the method that task and exercise method.( World of PGMI, 2020)
Meanwhile, Paul A Twelker said that the learning strategy consisted of four things. These four things are (1) Setting goals for teaching. (2) Determine the approach used in learning. (3).
Selecting and establishing techniques, methods, and procedures for learning. This learning strategy includes the determination of media, sources, tools, and the steps in the learning strategy. (Twelker, 1972)
Strategy Selection and Learning Success
The selection of learning strategies is not rigid. In a teaching and learning activity, learning strategies can change during the learning process(Sumiati and Asra, 2019). Policies for choosing learning strategies consider several things, including:
1. Conformity with instructional purposes 2. Suitability with the field of study
3. According to the professional abilities of teachers
4. Availability of supporting elements, especially media and equipment 5. The class atmosphere and surroundings
6. Tailored to the needs and interests of students(Reza, 2021)
The teacher must select learning strategies. The policy for choosing this strategy should be based on specific criteria, benchmarks, or standards.
A student's learning achievement is influenced by several factors, namely internal factors and external factors. Internal factors in question are factors of intelligence, maturity, and motivation.
While the factors include family factors, school environment, teachers, and teaching methods.
(Purwanto, 2002)Thus, the strategies and techniques used by a teacher directly affect one's learning outcomes.
According to Suharsimi Arikunto, in general, the factors that influence learning outcomes come from oneself or internal factors, and factors that come from outside themselves or what are called external factors.
In determining a learning strategy, several things need to be considered, namely:
1. Are the strategies used in line with the maturity level of students?
2. Is the technique used in line with students' conditions, interests, and talents?
Journal of Curriculum Indonesia 5 (1) (2022)
3. Is the strategy used in line with the students' learning styles? (Sanjaya, 2016)
The things mentioned above need to be considered when developing learning strategies for students. Learning that is well received by students undoubtedly positively influences learning success.
The success of learning will undoubtedly affect the output of alumni. A qualified production periodically produces a competent show. Competent out comers will have their position in the eyes of the community. Community expectations for skilled graduates are the embodiment of the implementation of TQM. The quality output will increase existing human resources. Improving the quality of human resources will lead Indonesia to be ready to face global challenges.
CONCLUSION
Learning as a system cannot be separated from the relationship between educators and students. Depend on each other. To create learning and teaching activities that make students enjoy.
When the student wants, they will impact learning outcomes, and appropriate learning strategies are needed. A teacher can understand teaching materials the methods used in teaching. The teacher is where learning strategies are needed.
Learning strategies are the outlines of the direction that become a reference in acting to achieve the goals set previously. This strategy can be interpreted as knowledge or tips in planning, implementing, assessing a lesson.
To develop the quality of education in Indonesia, the role of the private sector is also crucial.
Through the CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) program, the private sector has a positive influence in improving people's living standards. Meanwhile, the community can perform its role as Peer Guidance. This role means carrying out a social function to care for others. In this case, the community is a subject-object in developing the quality of human resources. (Hartono, 2019)
The role of all children of the country is needed to implement the program to improve the quality of education in this beloved country, starting from the application of learning strategies and methods. The implementation of learning techniques systems and processes so that students enjoy learning impacts learning outcomes that directly improve the quality of Indonesian education. As Hasan Lagulung said, one of the functions of education is to prepare the younger generation to have the ability to play roles in social life in the future. With this quality improvement, it is hoped that the quality of Indonesian human resources will be better to face globalization. (Lagulung, 1986)
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