Due to the "low" quality of recreational facilities and services, the dynamics of business are trapped in low-budget tourism activities. At the national level, this study is very important for an objective assessment of the tariff system organized by the government.
MATERIAL AND METHOD A. Study Design
EDU Education stated in years of formal education HOUSEHN Number of dependents stated in number of persons. COSTS Expenditure for one GPFRP visit given in IDR TRIPL Time required to reach GPFRP given in hours.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION A. Characteristic of Study Area
The GPFTP admission ticket WTP survey was conducted in May-August 2014 through direct survey of weekday and weekend visitors. In part B, questions were used to capture the motivation of visitors and their perception towards recreational activities and the current state of the environment in the GPFTP.
The average total number of visits (since inception) was 5 times among weekly visitors and 4 times among weekend visitors. Moreover, the number of visits in the past year was 3 times among weekly visitors and 2 times among weekend visitors.
Motive and Perception of Visitor
The number of overnight visitors was less than 15% of the total number of visits, both during weekdays and weekends. Weekday visitors gave higher scores for any type of leisure activity in GPFTP compared to weekend visitors (Figure 3).
Expenditure and Satisfaction
WTP Estimation
These two WTP values of scenario 1 and 2, when compared with the external reference prices (the price of the entrance ticket to other natural tourism facilities), are more or less equivalent to the price of the entrance ticket to the Tirta hot spring Sanita in Parung and Ciparay district. This value is higher than the entrance ticket of Taman Buah Mekarsari (25,000 IDR in Cianjur Regency), but still lower than the entrance ticket price of the more popular Sari Ater hot spring in Subang Regency (West Java) which charges IDR 35,000.
The WTP Variables
In Scenario 3 and 4, the values of willingness to pay increased, IDR 12,500 and IDR 14,934.6 or completely equivalent with the entrance ticket to Taman Wisata Matahari (also in Bogor Regency) which is IDR 15,000. Therefore, the benefits of better service quality are valued higher than those of in Scenario 1 and 2. The variables of visiting days that significantly affect all five models of WTP can be explained from the visitors' characteristics that visit that day.
Optional Strategies on Ticket Pricing Considering those aforementioned research
CONCLUSION
Preferences and willingness to pay for birding and interpretation services using a choice experiment. Tourists' Willingness to Pay for Biodiversity Conservation and Environmental Protection, Dalai Lake Protected Area: Implications for Entrance and Sustainable Management.
FERTILITY VARIATION OF Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. cajuputi AND ITS IMPLICATION IN SEED ORCHARD MANAGEMENT
- INTRODUCTION
- MATERIAL AND METHOD A. Seed Orchard
- Assessment of Flowering
- Variation in Fertility
- Co-ancestry and Effective Population Size
- Genetic Diversity
- Variation of Fertility
- Genetic Diversity and Effective Population Size
- Implications for Optimizing Seed Orchard Management
Dominant individuals in seed production have influenced genetic variability, as most seed is produced from the seed orchard. Average diameter, height, flower, fruit set, fertility variation, effective population size and genetic diversity of cajuput seedling plantation in Paliyan, Gunungkidul. Differences in fertility also occur in the seed plantation of some species, such as Eucalyptus camadulensis and E.
Of the nineteen seed lots in the seed orchard examined, seed lot No. 24 (from Gundih) has the best fertility, while seed lot No. 21 (from Australia) has the worst fertility. An uneven contribution was possibly due to variation in fertility and asynchronous flowering in the seed orchard (Gates & Nason, 2012). Therefore, the genetic diversity of seed orchards is often not equal to that of the seed produced.
Fertility variation and its implications for relatedness in seed crops in seedling orchards of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E tereticornis. Prediction of genetic gain and gene diversity in seed orchard crops under alternative management strategies. Variation in fertility and its impact on genetic diversity in a seedling orchard of Eucalyptus tereticornis.
EFFECT OF GAMMA IRRADIATION ON SEED GERMINATION, STORAGE, AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF Magnolia champaca L
- MATERIAL AND METHOD A. Materials
- Gamma Irradiation
- Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Seed Germination and Seed Storage
- Data Analysis
- RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Seed Germination and Storability
- Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Seedling Growth
- CONCLUSSION
Therefore, this paper investigates the effects of gamma radiation on seed germination, growth and biochemical characteristics of M. Enhancement of seed germination at lower doses of gamma radiation was also observed in Tectona grandis (Bhargava & Khalatkar, 1987), Acacia leucophloea, Albizia lebbeck, Zizyphus mauritiana (Selvaraju & Raja, 2001), Pterocarpus santalinus (Akshatha & Chandrashekar, 2013) and Terminalia arjuna (Akshatha, Chandrashekar, Somashekarappa & Souframanien, 2013). Kumar and Mishra (2004) reported that germination percentage in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) generally decreased with increasing doses of gamma irradiation.
In contrast, a high dose of gamma irradiation induced a mutation in plants (Piri et al., 2011), which produced a new combination of genes and caused an increase in variation. The effect of gamma radiation on germination growth and biochemical parameters of Pterocarpus santalinus, an endangered species of the Eastern Ghats. Effect of (60 Cobalt) gamma rays on growth and root rot disease in beans (Vigna radiata l.).
Effect of gamma irradiation on the improvement of some economic traits and molecular changes in Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Effect of acute exposure to gamma rays on seed germination and seedling growth of Pinus kesiya Gord and P. Effect of gamma irradiation on the indoleacetic acid synthesis system and its significance for germination inhibition of potatoes.
DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL ALLOMETRIC EQUATION TO ESTIMATE TOTAL ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS IN PAPUA
TROPICAL FOREST
- MATERIAL AND METHOD A. Study Site
- Biomass Measurement
- Allometric Equations 1. Analysis of variance
- RESULT AND DISCUSSION A. Local Equation
- Pantropical vs Local Equation
To include the inner and outer parts of the trunks with their bark, the samples were taken as a pie shape or cylinder (Nelson et al., 1999). The dry weight of the logs, stems and branches with diameter >15 cm was calculated by multiplying the fresh volume of each cut by wood density. For the other partitioned trees, the dry weight was calculated by fresh weight multiplied by dry weight divided by fresh weight ratio of the corresponding samples.
The total dry weight of a tree is the sum of the dry weight of the stump, stem, branches, twigs and leaves (Stewart et al., 1992). The dry weight was calculated from the fresh weight multiplied by the dry weight divided by the fresh weight ratio of the corresponding samples. The total dry weight of a tree is the sum of the dry weight of the stump, stems, branches, twigs and leaves.
Meanwhile, to strengthen the result of multicollinearity test, correlation analysis between variables was conducted. The final stage of the evaluation of regression assumptions conducted in this study consisted of testing the constant variance of residuals. This model also has the lowest value of the standard error of the coefficient and RMSE.
GENETIC PARAMETER ESTIMATES FOR GROWTH TRAITS IN AN Eucalyptus Urophylla S.T. Blake PROGENY TEST IN TIMOR
ISLAND
- MATERIAL AND METHOD A. Material
- Data Collection
- Data Analyses 1. Adaptability
- Variation in Height and Diameter
- Genetic Correlation
- RESULT AND DISCUSSION A. Adaptability
- Variations in Height and Diameter Across the 45 families, mean total height was
- Heritability
- Genetic Correlation
Plot survival rate (%) was the ratio of the number of trees remaining to those planted. FBmi: random interaction effect of the m-th family and the i-th replication (the plot effect). Heredity is the proportion of genetic factors of interest that are inherited from parent to offspring (Zobel & Talbert, 1984).
For example, genetic correlation can be used to determine the genetic relationships between the height and diameter characteristics of trees in a progeny test, and is a very important predictor of the effectiveness of the variable in the selection process (Gaspar, Louzada, Aguiar, & Almeida, 2008 ). At the end of the first year of growth, the survival rate over this offspring trial was of E. The offspring trial was located on a sloped area where there was a difference in the depth of the soil.
Origin and families had a significant effect on plant height and diameter as shown in Table 2. Trees of Fatumasi provenance show their superiority over Bu'at provenance as shown by the average of tree height and diameter. Adaptation of an additive relationship matrix for marker-based estimation of genetic parameters - an example using Eucalyptus cladocalyx.
PHENOLOGY, CLIMATE, AND ADAPTATION: HOW DOES DIPTEROCARPS RESPOND TO CLIMATE?
- MATERIAL AND METHOD 2.1. Study Area
- Methods
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A. Climate Variables
- Flowering
- Fruiting
- Dipterocarps and Climate Sonsequences In general, the pattern of the phenology of
Dipterocarpaceae are trees of the Asian tropics that occupy a variety of habitats (Ashton, 1988; Appanah & Turnbull, 1998). In fact, Indonesia is one of the largest timber producers of Dipterocarps from tropical countries (Blaser, Sarre, Poore, & Johnson, 2011). Advancing threats due to deforestation are increasing pressure on the lowland dipterocarp forests of Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park.
This research was conducted in the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP), Sumatra in the Way Canguk area (5o39' S; 104o24' E), which is located in the southwestern part of the park (Figure 1). The study was conducted at Way Canguk Research Station of Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP), Lampung during May-November 2012 by analyzing 14-year phenological records of Dipterocarps. Mass flowering season patterns are typically characterized by flowering of up to 80% of all canopy Dipterocarp species (Ashton et al., 1988).
The major flowering period was in September, October and November, whereas in Kalimantan it could occur at any time of the year (Appanah, 1993). In the first pattern, the two correlated climatic variables responsible for flowering are the period of minimum rainfall and the maximum temperature. In this study, Dipterocarpaceae fruit production did not seem to follow the main flowering period.
However, knowledge about seed collection and handling is important due to the unruly nature of the seeds (Kettle, 2010). Effects of the 1997 fires on the forest and wildlife of Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Sumatra.
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